孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用外源物质对寒地粳稻氮光合效率及产量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.0307

中国水稻科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 443-456.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.0307

孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用外源物质对寒地粳稻氮光合效率及产量的影响

贾琰¹, 杨亮², 邹德堂¹, 瞿炤珺¹, 王敬国¹, 刘化龙¹, 王晋³, 赵宏伟^1,^*()

¹东北农业大学寒地粮食作物种质创新与生理生态教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨 150030
²东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨 150030
³北大荒垦丰种业股份有限公司,哈尔滨 150431

收稿日期:2020-03-18 修回日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2020-09-10 发布日期:2020-09-10
通讯作者: 赵宏伟
作者简介:
^#共同第一作者;
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFD0300406);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31571609);黑龙江省博士后科学基金资助项目(LBH-Z16018);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2018M631904);东农学者计划“青年才俊”人才项目(18QC05);黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2020C005)

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

Yan JIA¹, Liang YANG², Detang ZOU¹, Zhaojun QU¹, Jingguo WANG¹, Hualong LIU¹, Jin WANG³, Hongwei ZHAO^1,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
²College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
³Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Harbin 150431, China

Received:2020-03-18 Revised:2020-05-09 Online:2020-09-10 Published:2020-09-10
Contact: Hongwei ZHAO
About author:
^#These authors contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】制定减灾保产化控栽培技术,有效抵御寒地粳稻孕穗期低温冷害。【方法】采用裂区试验设计和中心组合试验设计,基于产量相关指标隶属函数值,筛选出寒地粳稻孕穗期冷水胁迫下氯化钙(CaCl₂)、谷氨酸(Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)三种外源物质最适施用浓度及其最适浓度配比,并研究孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用最适浓度配比三种外源物质(CGG)对寒地粳稻氮光合效率及产量形成的影响。【结果】1)孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用CGG最适浓度配比为1.87 mmol/L CaCl₂、2.76 mg/LGlu、4.40 mmol/L GABA,隶属函数平均值最大(0.932)。2)与正常灌溉相比,孕穗期低温胁迫下寒地粳稻氮光合效率下降;与孕穗期冷水胁迫相比,施用最适浓度配比CGG可显著提高东农428齐穗期叶面积指数(5.37%)及氮光合效率(4.53%);可显著提高松粳10齐穗期单位面积叶片干物质量(2.56%)和叶面积指数(3.39%)。3)与孕穗期冷水胁迫相比,施用最适浓度配比CGG可提高寒地粳稻抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量,但其积累量仍低于正常灌溉水平,且在品种和处理间存在差异。4)与孕穗期冷水胁迫相比,施用最适浓度配比CGG寒地粳稻产量及产量构成因素均有所上升,但仍低于正常灌溉水平,且对冷敏感的品种影响更为显著。5)与孕穗期冷水胁迫相比,施用最适浓度CGG东农428和松粳10温度生产效率平均增幅分别为5.55%和23.72%。外源CGG对于温度生产效率差异的贡献率为8.99%。【结论】孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用最适浓度配比CGG可通过促进齐穗期叶片生长,进而提高群体氮光合效率,有利于抽穗后干物质积累及产量形成,减轻孕穗期冷水胁迫对寒地粳稻产量造成的损失,提高寒地粳稻温度生产效率。

关键词: 寒地粳稻, 孕穗期, 冷水胁迫, 外源物质, 氮光合效率, 产量形成

Abstract:

【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing, production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region. 【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl₂, glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage. 【Result】1) Under cold water stress at the booting stage, the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl₂, Glu and GABA (CGG) were 1.87 mmol/L, 2.76 mg/L, 4.40 mmol/L, respectively and the average membership function value is the largest (0.932). 2) Compared with normal irrigation, the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage. Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index (5.37%) and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency (4.53%) of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage; significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area (2.56%) and leaf area index (3.39%) of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage. 3) Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice, but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation, and there were differences between varieties and treatments. 4) Compared with cold water stress at booting stage, the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG, and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant. 5) Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage, the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55% and 23.72% under the optimal concentrations of CGG, respectively. The contribution rate of exogenous CGG to the gap of temperature production efficiency is 8.99%.【Conclusion】The application of the optimal concentration of CGG under cold water stress at the booting stage promoted leaf growth of cold-region japonica rice at the full heading stage and increased the population nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, which was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation after heading stage, thereby reducing the loss of cold-region japonica rice under cold water stress at booting stage and improving the temperature production efficiency of cold-region japonica rice.

Key words: japonica rice in cold region, booting stage, cold-water stress, exogenous materials, nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, yield formation

中图分类号:

贾琰, 杨亮, 邹德堂, 瞿炤珺, 王敬国, 刘化龙, 王晋, 赵宏伟. 孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用外源物质对寒地粳稻氮光合效率及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2020, 34(5): 443-456.

Yan JIA, Liang YANG, Detang ZOU, Zhaojun QU, Jingguo WANG, Hualong LIU, Jin WANG, Hongwei ZHAO. Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2020, 34(5): 443-456.

图/表 16

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年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N /(g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P /(g·kg^-1)	缓效钾 Slowly available K/(mg·kg^-1) /(mg·kg^-1)	速效氮 Available N /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K /(mg·kg^-1)	pH值 Value of pH
2014	22.5	1.26	0.43	707	130	18.9	99.3	6.85
2015	22.4	1.25	0.42	706	127	18.1	98.3	6.67
2016	22.3	1.23	0.40	705	126	17.9	98.1	6.61
2017	22.1	1.20	0.39	705	125	18.0	97.6	6.56

年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter /(g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N /(g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total P /(g·kg^-1)	缓效钾 Slowly available K/(mg·kg^-1) /(mg·kg^-1)	速效氮 Available N /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K /(mg·kg^-1)	pH值 Value of pH
2014	22.5	1.26	0.43	707	130	18.9	99.3	6.85
2015	22.4	1.25	0.42	706	127	18.1	98.3	6.67
2016	22.3	1.23	0.40	705	126	17.9	98.1	6.61
2017	22.1	1.20	0.39	705	125	18.0	97.6	6.56

外源物质 Exogenous substance	浓度 Concentration
γ-氨基丁酸GABA/(mmol·L^-1)	0(T₁)	1.25(G₁)	2.50(G₂)	3.75(G₃)	5.00(G₄)
谷氨酸Glu/(mg·mL^-1)	0(T₁)	0.75(Glu₁)	1.50(Glu₂)	2.25(Glu₃)	3.00(Glu₄)
氯化钙CaCl₂/(mmmol·L^-1)	0(T₁)	1.00(C₁)	2.00(C₂)	3.00(C₃)	4.00(C₄)

外源物质 Exogenous substance	浓度 Concentration
γ-氨基丁酸GABA/(mmol·L^-1)	0(T₁)	1.25(G₁)	2.50(G₂)	3.75(G₃)	5.00(G₄)
谷氨酸Glu/(mg·mL^-1)	0(T₁)	0.75(Glu₁)	1.50(Glu₂)	2.25(Glu₃)	3.00(Glu₄)
氯化钙CaCl₂/(mmmol·L^-1)	0(T₁)	1.00(C₁)	2.00(C₂)	3.00(C₃)	4.00(C₄)

试验因素 Factor	步距 Step size	编码值 Coded value (r=1.682)
试验因素 Factor	步距 Step size	-r	-1	0	1	r
γ-氨基丁酸 GABA/(mmol·L^-1)	1.00	2.82	3.50	4.50	5.50	6.18
谷氨酸Glu/(mg·mL^-1)	1.00	0.92	1.60	2.60	3.60	4.28
氯化钙CaCl₂/(mol·L^-1)	1.00	0.32	1.00	2.00	3.00	3.68

孕穗期冷水胁迫下施用外源物质对寒地粳稻氮光合效率及产量的影响

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

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Metrics

序号 Order	因子编码水平 Coded level of factors			序号 Order	因子编码水平 Coded level of factors
序号 Order	Glu	CaCl₂	GABA	序号 Order	Glu	CaCl₂	GABA
1	0	0	-1.682	11	0	0	0
2	-1	-1	-1	12	0	0	0
3	1	-1	-1	13	0	0	0
4	-1	1	-1	14	1.682	0	0
5	1	1	-1	15	0	1.682	0
6	0	-1.682	0	16	-1	-1	1
7	-1.682	0	0	17	1	-1	1
8	0	0	0	18	-1	1	1
9	0	0	0	19	1	1	1
10	0	0	0	20	0	0	1.682

年份 Year	试验处理 Treatment	水温 T_w/℃	空气温度 T_a/℃	热量 Rd/(MJ·m^-2 d^-1)
2014	对照 Control	24.2±1.9	25.4±1.5	16.3±6.3
2014	冷水灌溉 Cold-water irrigation	17.1±0.7	24.2±1.9	16.2±6.5
2015	对照 Control	24.2±1.8	23.8±1.1	16.1±7.1
2015	冷水灌溉 Cold-water irrigation	17.1±0.6	23.6±1.8	16.2±6.9
2016	对照 Control	23.4±1.5	24.2±1.2	16.7±8.6
2016	冷水灌溉 Cold-water irrigation	17.0±0.5	24.0±1.4	16.6±8.7
2017	对照 Control	23.0±1.9	23.8±1.6	15.9±8.4
2017	冷水灌溉 Cold-water irrigation	17.0±0.7	23.5±1.1	15.8±8.2

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	可育花粉率 Fertile pollen rate/%	总颖花数 Spikelets per panicle	总枝梗数 No. of rachises and branches per panicle	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight /g	产量 Yield /(kg·hm^-2)
东农428 Dongnong 428	T₀	93.5 a	148.2 a	31.4 a	330.9 a	115.1 a	92.5 a	25.5 a	8984.9 a
	T₁	89.0 fg	132.7 i	30.5 de	326.4 b	111.9 bc	88.1 g	23.1 i	7417.9 f
	T₁+G₁	88.8 c	134.6 h	30.8 bc	327.6 b	112.1 bc	89.5 def	23.5 fg	7717.6 cde
	T₁+G₂	90.3 cd	140.6 cd	30.9 b	328.1 ab	112.5 bc	90.3 bcd	23.9 c	7959.0 bc
	T₁+G₃	91.1 bc	142.1 b	30.8 bc	328.9 ab	111.9 b	90.6 bc	23.5 fg	7826.1 bcd
	T₁+G₄	90.9 bc	141.6 bc	30.7 bcd	327.4 b	112.0 bc	90.1 cde	23.6 efg	7779.8 cd
	T₁+Glu₁	89.3 ef	135.2 gh	30.3 e	326.9 b	112.1 bc	89.4 ef	23.2 hi	7584.4 def
	T₁+Glu₂	90.4 bcd	139.3 ef	30.7 bcd	327.7 b	112.9 b	90.4 bc	23.7 cde	7920.0 bc
	T₁+Glu₃	91.2 b	141.6 bc	30.6 cd	328.1 ab	112.4 bc	90.5 b	23.4 gh	7812.4 bcd
	T₁+Glu₄	89.6 def	140.1 de	30.5 de	327.3 b	111.8 c	90.2 cde	23.2 hi	7670.1 cdef
	T₁+C₁	89.1 efg	133.3 i	30.6 cd	327.1 b	110.8 d	88.9 f	23.2 hi	7476.0 ef
	T₁+C₂	89.9 de	136.3 g	31.2 a	327.4 b	112.6 bc	90.5 bc	23.8 cd	7941.5 bc
	T₁+C₃	90.8 bc	140.7 cd	30.8 bc	328.1 ab	112.3 bc	91.1 b	24.1 b	8090.6 b
	T₁+C₄	88.4 g	138.4 f	30.7 bcd	327.2 b	112.1 bc	90.1 cde	23.5 fg	7767.3 cd
松粳10 Songjing 10	T₀	93.0 a	142.6 a	29.8 a	325.4 a	105.2 bc	91.5 a	25.2 a	7884.3 a
	T₁	85.0 e	117.7 f	27.5 ef	318.9 b	100.1 i	83.4 defg	21.1 g	5607.0 f
	T₁+G₁	85.0 e	121.6 e	27.9 bc	319.2 b	100.2 i	82.9 g	21.3 f	5637.6 f
	T₁+G₂	85.7 cde	125.9 b	27.1 g	318.9 b	101.3 fg	83.5 defg	21.6 e	5821.8 ef
	T₁+G₃	86.6 b	125.7 bc	27.8 cd	319.1 b	105.6 ab	84.5 c	22.6 b	6424.1 b
	T₁+G₄	86.0 bcd	124.9 bc	27.6 def	319.2 b	106.4 a	84.1 cd	21.9 d	6241.2 bc
	T₁+Glu₁	85.2 e	122.0 e	27.6 def	319.3 b	100.3 hi	83.1 fg	21.2 fg	5640.1 f
	T₁+Glu₂	85.8 cde	124.7 c	28.1 b	319.6 b	105.3 bc	84.1 cd	21.4 ef	6046.3 cd
	T₁+Glu₃	86.2 bcd	125.5 bc	27.7 cde	319.4 b	103.6 d	83.9 cde	22.2 c	6158.5 c
	T₁+Glu₄	85.1 e	123.4 d	27.5 ef	319.2 b	102.9 de	83.6 defg	21.4 ef	5882.5 de
	T₁+C₁	85.0 e	121.5 e	27.4 f	318.5 b	101.1 d	83.5 defg	21.3 f	5717.0 ef
	T₁+C₂	85.5 de	123.5 d	27.9 bc	319.7 b	103.4 gh	85.2 b	22.1 c	6230.8 bc
	T₁+C₃	86.3 bc	124.8 bc	27.6 def	320.1 b	104.6 c	83.8 cdef	21.6 e	6055.8 cd
	T₁+C₄	85.1 e	123.6 d	27.1 g	319.4 b	102.1 ef	83.2 efg	21.4 ef	5804.3 ef
F值 F value	品种 Variety(V)	2.95^*	2.14^*	0.40	0.48	0.40	1.21	3.62^**	1.34
	处理Treatment(T)	12.23^**	8.14^**	2.81^*	2.74^*	0.52	8.12^**	16.48^**	6.23^**
	品种×处理 V×T	9.929^**	29.53^**	19.02^**	0.57	21.49^**	19.77^**	42.97^**	6.17^**

编码 Code			实际值 Actual value					预测值 Predictive value
GABA	CaCl₂	Glu	可育花粉率 Fertile pollen rate/%	结实率 Spikelet fertility/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /(kg·hm^-2)	ASFV	可育花粉率 Fertile pollen rate/%	结实率 Spikelet fertility/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield /(kg·hm^-2)	ASFV
1	-1	1	94.84	93.45	25.06	8956.1	0.71	78.30	76.34	20.68	8023.01	0.23
-1	-1	1	90.13	88.72	23.72	8426.3	0.22	78.50	76.80	20.20	7995.03	0.22
0	1.682	0	95.98	94.75	24.87	8923.8	0.75	76.17	73.98	20.01	7851.64	0.15
0	0	0	98.06	95.86	24.67	9000.5	0.84	83.95	81.88	22.72	8603.76	0.45
-1.682	0	0	89.85	87.85	22.49	8236.1	0.05	88.14	85.94	24.74	9041.59	0.63
-1	1	1	96.97	97.28	24.51	9106.4	0.87	77.22	74.75	20.76	8023.94	0.20
0	0	0	95.43	94.12	25.61	9020.3	0.80	81.64	79.91	21.56	8315.40	0.35
1	1	1	97.37	95.69	25.91	9112.1	0.94	78.30	76.17	20.78	8077.84	0.23
1.682	0	0	97.01	95.45	25.53	9015.8	0.87	75.14	73.53	19.32	7657.39	0.10
-1	-1	-1	92.34	90.37	23.58	8485.6	0.33	72.49	70.77	18.25	7434.11	0.00
1	-1	-1	98.13	96.07	24.90	9006.2	0.87	88.69	86.30	24.66	9051.84	0.64
1	1	-1	97.88	96.34	24.42	9018.5	0.84	87.81	85.50	24.11	8953.07	0.60
0	0	-1.682	88.47	87.22	23.09	8369.2	0.08	79.55	77.44	21.26	8231.43	0.29
0	0	1.682	96.14	94.69	24.96	9005.2	0.78	83.07	80.71	23.04	8645.71	0.44
-1	1	-1	88.65	87.29	22.87	8256.9	0.04	95.07	92.59	27.40	9769.73	0.91
0	0	0	92.10	89.89	22.92	8453.1	0.25	95.07	92.59	27.40	9769.73	0.91
0	-1.682	0	98.11	96.31	24.28	9015.2	0.83	95.07	92.59	27.40	9769.73	0.91
0	0	0	95.88	94.05	23.33	8789.2	0.58	95.07	92.59	27.40	9769.73	0.91
0	0	0	90.63	89.64	23.89	8536.8	0.30	95.07	92.59	27.40	9769.73	0.91
0	0	0	90.43	88.87	23.58	8429.7	0.23	95.07	92.59	27.40	9769.73	0.91

来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 df	均方根 Mean square	方差值 F-value		备注 Note
模型Model	2	9	0.22	42.58	< 0.0001	显著Significant
X₁(GABA)	0.01	1	0.01	2.55	0.1417
X₂(CaCl₂)	0.00	1	0.00	0.39	0.5458
X₃(Glu)	0.03	1	0.03	5.65	0.0388
X₁X₂	0.05	1	0.05	9.42	0.0118
X₁X₃	0.09	1	0.09	17.05	0.0020
X₂X₃	0.02	1	0.02	3.88	0.0771
X₁²	1.36	1	1.36	260.98	< 0.0001
X₂²	0.15	1	0.15	29.44	0.0003
X₃²	0.54	1	0.54	103.10	< 0.0001
残差Residual	0.05	10	0.01
失拟Lack of fit	0.04	5	0.01	2.09	0.2195	不显著Not significant
纯误Pure error	0.02	5	0.00
总变异Total variation	2.05	19
R²=0. 9746	R²_adj=0.9517	Adeq precision=28.049

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单位面积叶片干物质量 Leaf dry weight/(g·m^-2)			单位叶面积干物质量 Leaf dry weight/(g·m^-2)	单位面积含氮量 Nitrogen content /(g·m^-2)	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate/(μmol·m^-2s^-1)	氮光合效率 Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency /(μmol·g^-1s^-1)
2016	东农428 Dongnong 428	正常灌溉Control	154.32 a	7.29 a	22.58 a	21.18 b	0.48 a	21.07 a	44.03 a
		低温胁迫 Cold water stress	148.48 b	6.43 c	20.13 c	23.10 a	0.47 ab	19.87 b	42.70 b
		低温+CGG Cold water +CGG	149.71 b	6.86 b	21.07 b	21.83 b	0.46 b	20.14 ab	43.75 ab
	松粳10 Songjing 10	正常灌溉Control	155.48 a	7.23 a	22.10 a	21.51 b	0.48 a	21.25 a	44.66 a
		低温胁迫 Cold water stress	142.52 b	6.38 b	20.02 b	22.35 a	0.45 b	19.07 b	42.59 b
		低温+CGG Cold water+CGG	146.61 b	6.59 b	20.86 b	22.26 a	0.46 ab	20.14 ab	43.35 ab
2017	东农428 Dongnong 428	正常灌溉Control	159.35 a	7.09 a	22.70 a	22.48 a	0.51 a	22.64 a	44.34 a
		低温胁迫 Cold water stress	147.59 b	6.43 c	21.30 b	22.98 a	0.49 b	20.17 b	41.19 b
		低温+CGG Cold water +CGG	150.71 b	6.69 b	21.36 b	22.54 a	0.48 b	21.17 ab	43.94 a
	松粳10 Songjing 10	正常灌溉Control	151.05 a	6.99 a	21.77 a	21.62 c	0.47 b	21.38 a	45.40 a
		低温胁迫 Cold water stress	145.42 b	6.31 b	21.09 a	23.05 a	0.49 a	18.87 b	38.80 c
		低温+CGG Cold water +CGG	148.71 ab	6.53 b	21.48 a	22.79 b	0.49 a	19.83 ab	40.49 b
平均值 Mean	东农428 Dongnong 428	正常灌溉Control	156.84 a	7.19 a	22.64 a	21.83 b	0.50 a	21.86 a	44.19 a
		低温胁迫 Cold water stress	148.04 b	6.43 c	20.71 b	23.04 a	0.48 ab	20.02 b	41.95 b
		低温+CGG Cold water+CGG	150.21 b	6.77 b	21.22 b	22.19 b	0.47 b	20.65 ab	43.85 a
	松粳10 Songjing 10	正常灌溉Control	153.27 a	7.11 a	21.94 a	21.57 b	0.47 a	21.31 a	45.03 a
		低温胁迫 Cold water	143.97 c	6.34 c	20.56 b	22.70 a	0.47 a	18.97 b	40.69 b
		低温+CGG Cold water +CGG	147.66 b	6.56 b	21.17 b	22.52 a	0.48 a	19.98 b	41.92 b
F值 F value	品种 Variety(V)		4.28*	1.17	1.04	0.18	1.91	2.92	1.18
	处理 Treatment(T)		20.24**	74.72**	26.14**	25.27**	1.46	11.65**	11.09**
	年份 Year (Y)		0.30	1.10	2.86	7.98**	22.38**	0.86	2.72
	年份×品种 Y×T		0.21	0.01	0.01	0.23	0.12	1.57	1.39
	年份×处理 Y×V		0.09	1.29	5.41*	1.74	1.69	0.42	3.33
	品种×处理 V×T		0.17	0.87	1.22	2.73	1.76	0.19	2.40
	年份×品种×处理 Y×V×T		4.00*	0.41	0.61	739.06**	6.00**	0.18	1.49

F值 F value	积累量 Dry matter accumulation/(kg·hm^-2)	群体生长速率 Crop growth rate/(g·m^-2 d ^-1)	温度生产效率 Temperature production efficiency/(g·m^-2 ℃^-1)
品种Variety(V)	1.737	1.832	20.01^**
处理Treatment(T)	66.743^**	46.954^**	16.71^**
年份Year (Y)	0.037	0.250	0.65
年份×品种Y×T	0.329	0.368	0.14
年份×处理Y×V	0.648	0.125	0.22
品种×处理V×T	34.384^**	23.246^**	24.24^**
年份×品种×处理Y×V×T	29.578^**	2.665	3.91^*

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(No.·m^-2)	每穂粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Spikelet fertility/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	产量Yield
年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Effective panicle number/(No.·m^-2)	每穂粒数 Spikelet number per panicle	结实率 Spikelet fertility/%	千粒重 1000-grain weight/g	理论产量 /(kg·hm^-2)	理论产量冷水反应指数/%
2016	东农428 Dongnong 428	正常灌溉Control	331.3 a	115.1 a	93.1 a	25.5 a	9051.5 a	100.0 a
		冷水胁迫Cold water stress	325.9 b	111.5 b	88.1 c	23.4 c	7491.0 c	82.8 c
		冷水+CGG Cold water stress+CGG	329.6 ab	114.9 a	89.9 b	24.3 b	8272.2 b	91.4 b
	松粳10 Songjing 10	正常灌溉Control	328.9 a	104.8 a	92.1 a	25.4 a	8062.2 a	100.0 a
		冷水胁迫Cold water stress	316.6 c	100.5 b	84.1 c	21.1 c	5645.8 c	70.0 c
		冷水+CGG Cold water stress+CGG	322.0 b	103.9 a	89.7 b	23.1 b	6931.9 b	86.0 b
2017	东农428 Dongnong 428	正常灌溉Control	353.22 a	112.6 a	94.2 a	25.3 a	9286.7 a	100.0 a
		冷水胁迫Cold water stress	347.33 b	108.4 b	88.2 c	22.6 c	7529.6 c	79.2 c
		冷水+CGG Cold water stress+CGG	348.96 ab	110.5 a	90.3 b	24.2 b	8408.8 b	88.7 b
	松粳10 Songjing 10	正常灌溉Control	345.89 a	104.2 a	90.5 a	24.7 a	8356.7 a	100.0 a
		冷水胁迫Cold water stress	338.65 c	98.6 b	81.0 c	20.2 c	5752.3 c	67.9 c
		冷水+CGG Cold water stress+CGG	342.16b	102.9 a	88.7 b	23.3 b	7254.8 b	90.1 b
F值 F value	品种Variety(V)		3.60	146.32^**	7.25^**	4.00^*	22.23^**	1.64
	处理Treatment(T)		1.38	2.29	36.24^**	49.24^**	21.24^*	122.99^**
	年份Year (Y)		138.17^**	1.57	0.32	0.64	0.09	0.04
	年份×品种Y×T		0.21	2.37	1.25	0.01	0.05	0.13
	年份×处理Y×V		0.25	0.04	0.34	0.80	0.13	0.67
	品种×处理V×T		0.10	0.55	19.41^**	26.94^**	15.00^**	60.21^**
	年份×品种×处理Y×V×T		3.19	3.39	3.31	10.65^**	3.35	3.02

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