一次性基施控释掺混肥对水稻产量和倒伏性状的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250607

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】倒伏是水稻丰产的关键限制因素，优化施肥策略以提升茎秆强度是降低水稻倒伏的重要途径之一。本研究旨在阐明不同类型肥料对水稻产量和倒伏性状的影响。【方法】利用2个常规粳稻品种(淮稻5号和南粳9108)和2种肥料类型(常规肥料和控释掺混肥)，在江苏稻麦轮作区开展大田试验。【结果】与常规肥料相比，控释掺混肥显著提高了水稻产量(+3.7%)，其中，淮稻5号和南粳9108的产量分别增加了3.3%和4.1%；水稻增产主要得益于有效穗数和总颖花量的提升。在倒伏性状方面，控释掺混肥显著降低了茎秆基部第1(−5.3%)和第2(−4.2%)节间的倒伏指数，对第3节间影响不显著。水稻倒伏指数下降的原因是控释掺混肥对茎秆抗折力的促进效应大于其对弯曲力矩的促进效应。控释掺混肥显著降低了茎秆基部第1和第2节间长度，而增加了节间粗度和茎壁厚度，进而提高了茎秆强度。【结论】一次性基施控释掺混肥可协同提升水稻产量与抗倒伏能力，为稻麦轮作区水稻高质量发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 控释掺混肥, 水稻产量, 倒伏指数, 抗折力, 茎秆强度

Abstract:

【Objective】Lodging is a critical constraint on achieving high and stable rice yields, and optimizing fertilization strategies to improve stem strength represents a key approach for reducing lodging risk in rice production. This study aims to elucidate the effects of different fertilizer types on rice yield and lodging-related traits.【Method】We conducted a field experiment including two japonica rice varieties (Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 9108) and two fertilizer types [conventional fertilizer (CF) and controlled-release blended fertilizer (CRBF)] in a rice-wheat rotation system in Jiangsu Province.【Results】Compared to CF, CRBF significantly increased rice yield (+3.7%), with Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 9108 exhibiting yield increases of 3.3% and 4.1%, respectively. The yield improvement was primarily attributed to the increased effective panicles and total spikelets. Regarding lodging traits, CRBF reduced the lodging index (LI) of the first (−5.3%) and second (−4.2%) basal internodes, while its impact on the third internode was not significant. The reduction of LI was attributed to a greater increase in breaking resistance than in bending moment. In addition, CRBF reduced internode length while increasing internode diameter and stem wall thickness at the first and second basal internodes, thereby enhancing stem strength.【Conclusion】CRBF synergistically improves rice yield and lodging resistance, and provides a scientific basis for high-quality rice production in the rice-wheat rotation system.

Key words: controlled-release blended fertilizer, rice yield, lodging index, breaking resistance, stem strength

廖萍, 刘若彤, 孟轶, 翁文安, 都晗萌, 李骏, 高辉, 张洪程. 一次性基施控释掺混肥对水稻产量和倒伏性状的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(4): 469-475.

LIAO Ping, LIU Ruotong, MENG Yi, WENG Wenan, DU Hanmeng, LI Jun, GAO Hui, ZHANG Hongcheng. Effects of One-time Basal Application of Controlled-release Blended Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Lodging-related Traits[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(4): 469-475.

图/表 5

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年份 Year (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	肥料类型 Fertilizer type (Ft)	有效穗数 Effective panicles per 1 m²	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets per 1 m²	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t/hm²)
2022	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	318	113	36008	95.9	27.7	9.12
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	345	111	38220	95.2	27.1	9.49
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	297	146	43379	93.6	24.1	9.35
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	319	143	45646	94.0	23.2	9.86
2023	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	291	135	39218	91.7	26.0	9.02
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	320	127	40580	91.5	25.2	9.26
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	278	159	44164	90.1	24.2	9.16
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	313	146	45791	90.6	23.4	9.41
F值 F-value
肥料类型Ft			144.7^***	58.2^***	60.2^***	ns	52.3^***	68.0^***
品种V			51.3^***	1045.3^***	672.6^***	47.6^***	635.9^***	29.9^***
年份Y			68.3^***	256.1^***	45.6^***	302.2^***	55.8^***	34.6^***
品种×年份V × Y			8.0^*	40.4^***	23.3^***	ns	74.1^***	ns
肥料类型×年份Ft × Y			ns	21.7^***	ns	ns	ns	5.5^*

年份 Year (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	肥料类型 Fertilizer type (Ft)	有效穗数 Effective panicles per 1 m²	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets per 1 m²	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t/hm²)
2022	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	318	113	36008	95.9	27.7	9.12
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	345	111	38220	95.2	27.1	9.49
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	297	146	43379	93.6	24.1	9.35
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	319	143	45646	94.0	23.2	9.86
2023	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	291	135	39218	91.7	26.0	9.02
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	320	127	40580	91.5	25.2	9.26
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	278	159	44164	90.1	24.2	9.16
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	313	146	45791	90.6	23.4	9.41
F值 F-value
肥料类型Ft			144.7^***	58.2^***	60.2^***	ns	52.3^***	68.0^***
品种V			51.3^***	1045.3^***	672.6^***	47.6^***	635.9^***	29.9^***
年份Y			68.3^***	256.1^***	45.6^***	302.2^***	55.8^***	34.6^***
品种×年份V × Y			8.0^*	40.4^***	23.3^***	ns	74.1^***	ns
肥料类型×年份Ft × Y			ns	21.7^***	ns	ns	ns	5.5^*

年份 Year (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	肥料类型 Fertilizer type (Ft)	抗折力 Breaking resistance (N)			弯曲力矩 Bending moment (cm·g)			倒伏指数 Lodging index (cm g·N^-1)
年份 Year (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	肥料类型 Fertilizer type (Ft)	I1	I2	I3	I1	I2	I3	I1	I2		I3
2022	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	26.0	21.2	18.9	667	583	489	25.7		27.5	25.9
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	30.0	24.3	19.8	728	635	516	24.3		26.1	26.1
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	26.4	22.5	18.9	808	695	559	30.6		31.0	29.5
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	30.7	25.6	19.9	864	747	589	28.2		29.1	29.7
2023	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	25.3	16.5	12.7	650	612	495	25.7		37.1	38.9
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	28.1	18.8	13.1	701	665	521	24.9		35.3	39.9
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	29.5	19.3	13.8	784	640	568	26.6		33.2	41.3
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	33.0	21.7	14.8	839	710	623	25.4		32.7	42.4
F 值F-values
肥料类型Ft			132.8^***	53.2^***	4.8^*	102.5^***	85.4^***	47.4^***	35.8^***		8.3^*	ns
品种V			63.9^***	29.4^***	ns	622.5^***	145.2^***	248.7^***	113.6^***		ns	10.3^**
年份Y			5.4^*	131.8^***	248.2^***	17.7^***	ns	7.0^*	41.2^***		171.6^***	186.9^***
品种×年份V × Y			39.2^***	ns	ns	ns	37.1^***	ns	59.1^***		46.7^***	ns

年份 Year (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	肥料类型 Fertilizer type (Ft)	抗折力 Breaking resistance (N)			弯曲力矩 Bending moment (cm·g)			倒伏指数 Lodging index (cm g·N^-1)
年份 Year (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	肥料类型 Fertilizer type (Ft)	I1	I2	I3	I1	I2	I3	I1	I2		I3
2022	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	26.0	21.2	18.9	667	583	489	25.7		27.5	25.9
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	30.0	24.3	19.8	728	635	516	24.3		26.1	26.1
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	26.4	22.5	18.9	808	695	559	30.6		31.0	29.5
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	30.7	25.6	19.9	864	747	589	28.2		29.1	29.7
2023	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	25.3	16.5	12.7	650	612	495	25.7		37.1	38.9
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	28.1	18.8	13.1	701	665	521	24.9		35.3	39.9
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	29.5	19.3	13.8	784	640	568	26.6		33.2	41.3
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	33.0	21.7	14.8	839	710	623	25.4		32.7	42.4
F 值F-values
肥料类型Ft			132.8^***	53.2^***	4.8^*	102.5^***	85.4^***	47.4^***	35.8^***		8.3^*	ns
品种V			63.9^***	29.4^***	ns	622.5^***	145.2^***	248.7^***	113.6^***		ns	10.3^**
年份Y			5.4^*	131.8^***	248.2^***	17.7^***	ns	7.0^*	41.2^***		171.6^***	186.9^***
品种×年份V × Y			39.2^***	ns	ns	ns	37.1^***	ns	59.1^***		46.7^***	ns

年份 Year (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	肥料类型 Fertilizer type (Ft)	节间长度 Internode length (cm)			节间粗度 Internode coarseness (mm)			茎壁厚度 Stem wall thickness (mm)
年份 Year (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	肥料类型 Fertilizer type (Ft)	I1	I2	I3	I1	I2	I3	I1	I2	I3
2022	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	4.95	7.90	11.5	4.56	4.16	3.76	0.84	0.72	0.62
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	4.71	7.41	11.2	4.74	4.40	3.91	0.92	0.76	0.62
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	5.67	9.15	14.2	4.79	4.34	3.91	0.82	0.71	0.62
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	5.12	8.58	14.1	4.99	4.43	3.96	0.92	0.75	0.61
2023	淮稻5号	常规肥料CF	5.23	9.95	13.7	4.59	4.23	3.88	0.97	0.73	0.65
	Huaidao 5	控释掺混肥CRBF	4.93	9.06	12.9	4.91	4.42	3.97	1.00	0.77	0.68
	南粳9108	常规肥料CF	5.72	10.33	14.5	5.02	4.31	4.04	0.90	0.70	0.60
	Nanjing 9108	控释掺混肥CRBF	5.36	9.57	14.6	5.21	4.47	4.08	0.97	0.74	0.67
F 值F-values
肥料类型Ft			51.3^***	44.6^***	ns	100.5^***	31.2^***	ns	17.6^***	27.3^***	ns
品种V			100.0^***	66.9^***	67.1^***	189.1^***	7.6^*	8.0^*	ns	9.4^**	ns
年份Y			14.7^***	209.7^**	21.9^***	51.3^***	ns	5.9^*	22.6^***	ns	7.4^*
品种×年份V × Y			ns	14.2^**	9.6^**	8.3^*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns