HCO3−和灌溉方式对水稻铁吸收和利用的交互影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.210904

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】膜下滴灌水稻是一项兼顾高产和节水潜力的水稻栽培技术。然而，在石灰性土壤上膜下滴灌水稻经常表现出缺铁(Fe)黄化症状。前期研究发现，在滴灌条件下HCO₃⁻对水稻Fe吸收的抑制强度弱于淹灌，但内在机制并不清楚。本文主要探讨HCO₃⁻对两种灌溉型水稻土壤DTPA-Fe浓度、水稻木质部伤流液pH值、Fe吸收和利用的影响。【方法】在两种灌溉水稻[淹灌(FI)和覆膜滴灌(DI-PFM)]处理下设四种灌溉水HCO₃⁻浓度处理(0，2，10和40 mmol/L HCO₃⁻，分别表示为BC-0，BC-2，BC-10和BC-40)。【结果】DI-PFM土壤DTPA-Fe含量显著低于FI。随着HCO₃⁻浓度增加，土壤pH增加，而土壤DTPA-Fe浓度呈降低趋势。水稻木质部伤流液pH值随灌溉水中HCO₃⁻浓度的增加而增加，FI处理水稻木质部汁液pH值显著高于DI-PFM。水稻叶片和根系质外体铁浓度均随HCO₃⁻浓度的上升表现为先减少后增加的趋势，在BC-40处理下最高。两种灌溉型水稻叶片活性铁浓度、共质体铁浓度、水稻生物量和全铁积累量均随HCO₃⁻浓度的上升而降低，但DI-PFM处理下这些参数的降幅小于FI。水稻根系和叶片中共质体Fe与质外体Fe浓度比值随HCO₃⁻浓度的增加而降低，FI处理水稻根系和叶片中共质体Fe与质外体Fe浓度比值大于DI-PFM。【结论】HCO₃⁻引起水稻木质部伤流液pH升高影响水稻铁吸收和利用，但HCO₃⁻并不是造成滴灌水稻缺铁的主要因子。石灰性土壤上滴灌水稻缺铁的主要原因可能仍是因为土壤铁有效性低引起的。

关键词: 质外体铁, HCO₃⁻, 铁吸收和利用, 共质体铁, 木质部伤流液

Abstract:

【Objective】Drip-irrigated rice with plastic film mulch (DI-PFM) is a rice cultivation technique with both high yield and water-saving potential. However, DI-PFM rice on calcareous soil often exhibits Fe-chlorosis symptoms. Previous studies found that the inhibitory intensity of HCO₃⁻ on Fe uptake of DI-PFM rice was weaker than that of flooding irrigation rice, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The effects of HCO₃⁻ on soil DTPA-Fe concentration, xylem sap pH, Fe absorption and distribution of two kinds of irrigated rice were studied. 【Methods】The experiment included two irrigation methods [flooding irrigation (FI) and DI-PFM] and four HCO₃⁻ concentrations (0, 2, 10 and 40 mmol/L HCO₃⁻, were expressed as BC-0, BC-2, BC-10 and BC-40, respectively) of irrigation water. 【Results】The concentration of soil DTPA-Fe in DI-PFM was significantly lower than that in FI. With the increase of HCO₃⁻ concentration, soil pH increased, while soil DTPA-Fe concentration decreased. Xylem sap pH of rice increased with the increase of HCO₃⁻ concentration in irrigation water, and the xylem sap pH of FI rice was significantly higher than that of DI-PFM. With the increase of HCO₃⁻ concentration, the apoplast Fe concentration in rice leaves and roots decreased at low HCO₃⁻ level and increased at high HCO₃⁻ level, and peaked under BC-40 treatment. The leaf active Fe concentration, symplastic Fe concentration, rice biomass and total Fe accumulation of two kinds of irrigated rice decreased with the increase of HCO₃⁻ concentration, but the decrease of these parameters under DI-PFM treatment were less than that of FI. The concentration ratio of symplastic Fe to apoplast Fe in rice roots and leaves decreased with the increase of HCO₃⁻ concentration, and the concentration ratio of symplastic Fe to apoplast Fe in rice roots and leaves in FI was higher than that of DI-PFM. 【Conclusion】The increased pH in xylem sap of rice caused by HCO₃⁻ affected the absorption and utilization of Fe in rice, but HCO₃⁻ was not the main factor leading to Fe deficiency in DI-PFM rice. The main reason for Fe deficiency of DI-PFM rice on calcareous soil may still be due to the low availability of soil Fe.

Key words: apoplastic Fe, HCO₃⁻, Fe uptake and utilization, symplastic Fe, xylem sap

张新疆, 王祥斌, 刘玲慧, 危常州. HCO₃⁻和灌溉方式对水稻铁吸收和利用的交互影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(4): 419-427.

ZHANG Xinjiang, WANG Xiangbin, LIU Linghui, WEI Changzhou. Interactive Effects of HCO₃⁻ and Irrigation Methods on Iron Uptake and Utilization in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2022, 36(4): 419-427.

图/表 6

参考文献 38

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处理 Treatment		铁浓度 Fe concentration / (μg·g⁻¹)				叶共质体Fe浓度/ 质外体Fe浓度 Leaf symplast Fe / apolplast Fe	根共质体Fe浓度/ 质外体Fe浓度 Root symplast Fe / apolplast Fe
处理 Treatment		叶片质外体 Leaf apolplast	叶片共质体 Leaf symplast	根质外体 Root apolplast	根共质体 Root symplast	叶共质体Fe浓度/ 质外体Fe浓度 Leaf symplast Fe / apolplast Fe	根共质体Fe浓度/ 质外体Fe浓度 Root symplast Fe / apolplast Fe
膜下滴灌 DI-PFM	BC-0	75.1±7.0 bc	64.5±2.8 a	117±7 ef	181±6 d	0.87±0.10 a	1.55±0.07 c
	BC-2	80.9±5.9 ab	56.8±1.7 b	109±5 f	155±8 e	0.70±0.05 b	1.42±0.08 d
	BC-10	73.0±4.4 c	50.9±2.8 c	124±3 de	112±6 f	0.70±0.06 b	0.90±0.05 e
	BC-40	84.6±2.4 a	46.0±2.7 de	132±4 d	81±3 g	0.54±0.03 c	0.62±0.04 f
	均值Mean	78.4±6.9 A	54.6±7.4 A	121±10 B	132±39 B	0.70±0.13 B	1.12±0.39 B
淹灌 FI	BC-0	65.4±2.8 d	53.9±1.8 bc	192±6 bc	471±12 a	0.83±0.04 a	2.45±0.07 a
	BC-2	59.3±2.9 e	47.2±2.5 d	184±2 c	459±17 a	0.80±0.03 a	2.50±0.09 a
	BC-10	54.0±1.0 e	43.8±1.4 de	198±5 b	381±11 b	0.81±0.02 a	1.93±0.07 b
	BC-40	73.9±3.3 c	43.4±2.1 e	285±13 a	279±18 c	0.59±0.05 c	0.98±0.07 e
	均值Mean	63.2±7.9 B	47.1±4.7 B	215±42 A	397±79 A	0.76±0.10 A	1.98±0.63 A
两因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA(F value)
HCO₃⁻(B)		35.5 ^***	106.6 ^***	45 ^***	153 ^***	74.82 ^***	246.38 ^***
灌溉方式Irrigation ( I )		197.1 ^***	147.6 ^***	510 ^***	2487 ^***	15.05 ^**	552.75 ^***
B × I		75.9 ^***	116.9 ^***	161 ^***	737 ^***	59.88 ^***	322.97 ^***

处理 Treatment		铁浓度 Fe concentration / (μg·g⁻¹)				叶共质体Fe浓度/ 质外体Fe浓度 Leaf symplast Fe / apolplast Fe	根共质体Fe浓度/ 质外体Fe浓度 Root symplast Fe / apolplast Fe
处理 Treatment		叶片质外体 Leaf apolplast	叶片共质体 Leaf symplast	根质外体 Root apolplast	根共质体 Root symplast	叶共质体Fe浓度/ 质外体Fe浓度 Leaf symplast Fe / apolplast Fe	根共质体Fe浓度/ 质外体Fe浓度 Root symplast Fe / apolplast Fe
膜下滴灌 DI-PFM	BC-0	75.1±7.0 bc	64.5±2.8 a	117±7 ef	181±6 d	0.87±0.10 a	1.55±0.07 c
	BC-2	80.9±5.9 ab	56.8±1.7 b	109±5 f	155±8 e	0.70±0.05 b	1.42±0.08 d
	BC-10	73.0±4.4 c	50.9±2.8 c	124±3 de	112±6 f	0.70±0.06 b	0.90±0.05 e
	BC-40	84.6±2.4 a	46.0±2.7 de	132±4 d	81±3 g	0.54±0.03 c	0.62±0.04 f
	均值Mean	78.4±6.9 A	54.6±7.4 A	121±10 B	132±39 B	0.70±0.13 B	1.12±0.39 B
淹灌 FI	BC-0	65.4±2.8 d	53.9±1.8 bc	192±6 bc	471±12 a	0.83±0.04 a	2.45±0.07 a
	BC-2	59.3±2.9 e	47.2±2.5 d	184±2 c	459±17 a	0.80±0.03 a	2.50±0.09 a
	BC-10	54.0±1.0 e	43.8±1.4 de	198±5 b	381±11 b	0.81±0.02 a	1.93±0.07 b
	BC-40	73.9±3.3 c	43.4±2.1 e	285±13 a	279±18 c	0.59±0.05 c	0.98±0.07 e
	均值Mean	63.2±7.9 B	47.1±4.7 B	215±42 A	397±79 A	0.76±0.10 A	1.98±0.63 A
两因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA(F value)
HCO₃⁻(B)		35.5 ^***	106.6 ^***	45 ^***	153 ^***	74.82 ^***	246.38 ^***
灌溉方式Irrigation ( I )		197.1 ^***	147.6 ^***	510 ^***	2487 ^***	15.05 ^**	552.75 ^***
B × I		75.9 ^***	116.9 ^***	161 ^***	737 ^***	59.88 ^***	322.97 ^***

处理 Treatment		干物质量Dry weight/(g·pot ⁻¹)					铁浓度Fe concentration/(μg·g⁻¹)
处理 Treatment		根 Root	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	鞘 Sheath	籽粒 Grain	根 Root	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	鞘 Sheath	籽粒 Grain
膜下滴灌 DI-PFM	BC-0	4.84±0.50 b	4.25±0.16 a	3.12±0.46 c	4.49±0.51 b	4.61±0.67 b	3078±301 d	512±29 c	124±22 b	358±27 bc	113±9 c
	BC-2	4.78±0.36 b	4.14±0.10 a	2.86±0.29 c	4.54±0.41 b	4.07±0.58 c	2505±136 e	540±13 bc	138±25 b	365±22 b	159±8 b
	BC-10	4.02±0.22 c	3.54±0.19 b	2.33±0.23 d	4.39±0.54 b	2.24±0.27 d	3466±350 d	565±22 b	129±19 b	413±42 b	166±8 b
	BC-40	2.53±0.30 d	2.38±0.28 c	1.82±0.25 e	3.05±0.08 c	0.89±0.03 e	4104±355 c	698±57 a	111±13 b	484±42 a	192±20 a
	均值Mean	4.27±1.00 A	3.58±0.78 B	2.53±0.59 B	4.11±0.75 A	2.95±1.56 B	3288±655 B	578±79 A	125±22 A	405±61 A	157±31 A
淹灌 FI	BC-0	5.78±0.35 a	4.88±0.55 a	5.73±0.48 a	5.16±0.35 a	8.74±0.25 a	9163±579 a	387±21 d	129±14 b	404±41 b	87±6 e
	BC-2	5.59±0.10 a	4.16±0.22 b	6.01±0.35 a	4.30±0.41 b	8.63±0.13 a	8090±433 b	400±10 d	170±37 a	531±80 a	90±8 de
	BC-10	4.22±0.26 c	3.83±0.24 b	4.03±0.28 b	4.55±0.34 b	3.81±0.44 c	7711±399 b	315±17 e	110±11 b	302±31 c	104±3 cd
	BC-40	1.51±0.16 e	2.87±0.16 c	1.75±0.12 e	2.73±0.20 c	1.20±0.03 e	8893±212 a	383±11 d	68±17 c	370±35 b	163±16 b
	均值Mean	4.04±1.74 A	3.93±0.80 A	4.38±1.75 A	4.19±0.96 A	5.60±3.28 A	8464±722 A	372±37 B	119±43 A	402±97 A	111±32 B
两因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA (F value)
HCO₃⁻( B )		185.13 ^***	156.47 ^***	63.12 ^***	81.53 ^***	151.80 ^***	22 ^***	18 ^***	22 ^***	6 ^**	96 ^***
灌溉方式Irrigation ( I )		4.31 ^ns	30.03 ^***	136.00 ^***	0.56 ^ns	144.56 ^***	2029 ^***	370 ^***	1 ^ns	0 ^ns	200 ^***
B × I		139.92 ^***	131.63 ^***	81.34 ^***	61.29 ^***	149.99 ^***	524 ^***	106 ^***	17 ^**	5 ^**	122 ^***

处理 Treatment		干物质量Dry weight/(g·pot ⁻¹)					铁浓度Fe concentration/(μg·g⁻¹)
处理 Treatment		根 Root	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	鞘 Sheath	籽粒 Grain	根 Root	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	鞘 Sheath	籽粒 Grain
膜下滴灌 DI-PFM	BC-0	4.84±0.50 b	4.25±0.16 a	3.12±0.46 c	4.49±0.51 b	4.61±0.67 b	3078±301 d	512±29 c	124±22 b	358±27 bc	113±9 c
	BC-2	4.78±0.36 b	4.14±0.10 a	2.86±0.29 c	4.54±0.41 b	4.07±0.58 c	2505±136 e	540±13 bc	138±25 b	365±22 b	159±8 b
	BC-10	4.02±0.22 c	3.54±0.19 b	2.33±0.23 d	4.39±0.54 b	2.24±0.27 d	3466±350 d	565±22 b	129±19 b	413±42 b	166±8 b
	BC-40	2.53±0.30 d	2.38±0.28 c	1.82±0.25 e	3.05±0.08 c	0.89±0.03 e	4104±355 c	698±57 a	111±13 b	484±42 a	192±20 a
	均值Mean	4.27±1.00 A	3.58±0.78 B	2.53±0.59 B	4.11±0.75 A	2.95±1.56 B	3288±655 B	578±79 A	125±22 A	405±61 A	157±31 A
淹灌 FI	BC-0	5.78±0.35 a	4.88±0.55 a	5.73±0.48 a	5.16±0.35 a	8.74±0.25 a	9163±579 a	387±21 d	129±14 b	404±41 b	87±6 e
	BC-2	5.59±0.10 a	4.16±0.22 b	6.01±0.35 a	4.30±0.41 b	8.63±0.13 a	8090±433 b	400±10 d	170±37 a	531±80 a	90±8 de
	BC-10	4.22±0.26 c	3.83±0.24 b	4.03±0.28 b	4.55±0.34 b	3.81±0.44 c	7711±399 b	315±17 e	110±11 b	302±31 c	104±3 cd
	BC-40	1.51±0.16 e	2.87±0.16 c	1.75±0.12 e	2.73±0.20 c	1.20±0.03 e	8893±212 a	383±11 d	68±17 c	370±35 b	163±16 b
	均值Mean	4.04±1.74 A	3.93±0.80 A	4.38±1.75 A	4.19±0.96 A	5.60±3.28 A	8464±722 A	372±37 B	119±43 A	402±97 A	111±32 B
两因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA (F value)
HCO₃⁻( B )		185.13 ^***	156.47 ^***	63.12 ^***	81.53 ^***	151.80 ^***	22 ^***	18 ^***	22 ^***	6 ^**	96 ^***
灌溉方式Irrigation ( I )		4.31 ^ns	30.03 ^***	136.00 ^***	0.56 ^ns	144.56 ^***	2029 ^***	370 ^***	1 ^ns	0 ^ns	200 ^***
B × I		139.92 ^***	131.63 ^***	81.34 ^***	61.29 ^***	149.99 ^***	524 ^***	106 ^***	17 ^**	5 ^**	122 ^***

处理 Treatment		铁吸收量 Fe content / (mg·pot⁻¹）					铁积累量 Fe accumulation /(mg·pot⁻¹)	穗收获指数 Grain harvest index	铁收获指数 Fe harvest index
		根 Root	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	鞘 Sheath	籽粒 Grain
		膜下滴灌 DI-PFM	BC-0	14.82±1.47 d	2.18±0.18 ab	0.38±0.05 cd				1.61±0.27 bc	0.52±0.08 c	19.51±1.48 d	0.28±0.04 b	0.11±0.02 b
BC-2	11.97±0.98 de		2.24±0.04 a	0.40±0.08 cd	1.65±0.15 bc	0.64±0.07 b	16.90±0.93 de	0.26±0.03 bc	0.13±0.01 ab
BC-10	13.85±0.78 de		2.00±0.15 bc	0.30±0.06 de	1.78±0.21 b	0.37±0.05 d	18.30±0.81 d	0.18±0.02 d	0.08±0.01 c
BC-40	10.34±0.94 e		1.65±0.11 d	0.20±0.04 ef	1.47±0.14 c	0.17±0.02 e	13.83±0.88 e	0.11±0.00 f	0.05±0.01 d
均值Mean	12.75±2.03 B		2.02±0.27 A	0.32±0.10 B	1.63±0.22 A	0.43±0.19 B	17.13±2.38 B	0.21±0.07 B	0.09±0.03 B
淹灌 FI	BC-0	53.08±6.40 a	1.89±0.26 c	0.74±0.09 b	2.09±0.24 a	0.76±0.05 a	58.56±6.53 a	0.36±0.01 a	0.14±0.01 a
	BC-2	45.20±2.55 b	1.66±0.10 d	1.01±0.19 a	2.25±0.15 a	0.78±0.07 a	50.90±2.70 b	0.37±0.01 a	0.14±0.01 a
	BC-10	32.59±3.01 c	1.20±0.06 e	0.44±0.03 c	1.42±0.17 c	0.39±0.04 d	36.05±2.98 c	0.23±0.02 c	0.11±0.01 b
	BC-40	13.41±1.39 de	1.10±0.08 e	0.12±0.02 f	1.01±0.09 d	0.20±0.02 e	15.83±1.45 de	0.14±0.01 e	0.08±0.01 c
	均值Mean	36.07±15.61 A	1.47±0.36 B	0.58±0.35 A	1.69±0.54 A	0.53±0.26 A	40.34±16.93 A	0.28±0.10 A	0.12±0.03 A
两因素方差分析Two-way ANOVA (F value)
HCO₃⁻ ( B )		31 ^***	68 ^***	44 ^***	21 ^***	231 ^***	34 ^***	251.03^***	82.56 ^***
灌溉方式Irrigation ( I )		189 ^***	216 ^***	53 ^***	1 ^ns	47 ^***	167 ^***	130.97 ^***	49.66 ^***
B × I		70 ^***	105 ^***	46 ^***	16 ^***	184 ^***	67 ^***	220.97 ^***	74.33 ^***

HCO₃⁻和灌溉方式对水稻铁吸收和利用的交互影响

Interactive Effects of HCO₃⁻ and Irrigation Methods on Iron Uptake and Utilization in Rice

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