应用生态工程技术控制水稻害虫对水生昆虫数量的影响

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的随着水稻病虫害绿色防控技术的不断发展,希望应用生态工程控制害虫技术取得较大进展。方法对稻田水生昆虫成虫的种群动态进行了连续3年的系统调查,以探明生态工程防控技术对水生昆虫的影响。结果实施生态工程防控技术稻田中的水生捕食性昆虫豆娘的数量显著高于农民自防田,其他水生捕食性昆虫和中性昆虫等数量也有类似的结果,同时,靠近田埂的稻田区域豆娘和水生中性昆虫的种群数量也显著高于稻田中间区域。结论说明通过实施生态工程控害技术可以有效提高稻田水生捕食性昆虫及中性昆虫种群数量,这对提高水稻生长后期的天敌控害作用有重要的意义。

关键词: 稻田, 生态工程, 水生昆虫, 保护

Abstract:

【Objective】With the constant development of the sustainable rice pest management technologies, great progresses are expected to be made in the conservation of aquatic insects in paddy fields by controlling rice insect pests through ecological engineering technology. 【Method】We investigated the effects of the ecological engineering technology on the populations of aquatic insects in rice fields for continuous three years. 【Result】The results showed that the numbers of aquatic predatory damselflies, other predators and neutral insects in ecological engineering rice fields were significantly higher than those in farmer-managed fields, while the numbers of predatory damselflies and neutral insects near the ridges of rice field were significantly higher than those in the middle area of field. 【Conclusion】All results revealed that the ecological engineering technology could promote the breeding of aquatic predators and neutral insects in paddy fields, and could play a positive role in improving the natural control capacity during the later rice stage.

Key words: rice fields, ecological engineering technology, aquatic insect, conservation

朱平阳, 郑许松, 张发成, 徐红星, 姚晓明, 杨亚军, 陈桂华, 吕仲贤. 应用生态工程技术控制水稻害虫对水生昆虫数量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(2): 207-215.

Pingyang ZHU, Xusong ZHENG, Fangcheng ZHANG, Hongxing XU, Xiaoming YAO, Yajun YANG, Guihua CHEN, Zhongxian LÜ. Aquatic Insect Populations in Paddy Fields as Affected by Management of Rice Insect Pests Through Ecological Engineering Technology[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2017, 31(2): 207-215.

图/表 8

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类别 Category	丰盛度 Richness
豆娘 Damselflies
细蟌科 Coenagrionidae
杯斑小蟌 Agriocnemis femina femina	高High
褐斑异痣蟌Ischnura sengalensis	中Middle
蓝纹尾蟌Cercion calamorum	低Low
细蟌1种Coenagrionidae sp.	低Low
其他捕食性昆虫 Other predatory insects
双翅目 Diptera
蠓科 Ceratopogonidae
蠓科多种Ceratopogonid spp.	高High
长足虻科 Dolichopodidae
长足虻科多种Dolichopodid spp.	中Middle
舞虻科 Empididae
舞虻属1种Drapetis sp.1	低Low
舞虻属1种Drapetis sp.2	中Middle
舞虻属1种Drapetis (Elaphropeza)	中Middle
水蝇科 Ephydridae
螳水蝇Ochthera sauteri	中Middle
螳水蝇1种Ochthera sp.	低Low
半翅目 Hemiptera
水黾科 Gerridae
尖钩宽黾蝽Microvelia horvathi	低Low
蜻蜓目 Odonata
蜻科 Libellulidae
猩红蜻蜓Crocothemis servillia	低Low
脉翅目 Neuroptera
蛾蛉科Ithonidae
蛾蛉科1种Ithonidae sp.	低Low
中性昆虫 Detritivores/Tourists
双翅目 Diptera
摇蚊科 Chironomidae
摇蚊科多种Chironomidae spp.	高High
蚊科 Culicidae
蚊科1种Culicid sp. 1	低Low
蚊科1种Culicid sp. 2	低Low
蚊科1种Culicid sp. 3	中Middle
蕈蚊科 Mycetophilidae
蕈蚊科多种Mycetophilidae sp.	低Low
粪蚊科 Scatopsidae
黑粪蚊Scatopse sp.
眼蕈蚊科 Sciaridae
尖眼蕈蚊Sciara sp.	低Low
蚋科 Simuliidae
蚋属1种Simulium sp.1	中Middle
蚋属1种Simulium sp.2	低Low
大蚊科 Tipulidae
大蚊1种Tipula sp.1	低Low
大蚊1种Tipula sp.2	低Low

类别 Category	丰盛度 Richness
豆娘 Damselflies
细蟌科 Coenagrionidae
杯斑小蟌 Agriocnemis femina femina	高High
褐斑异痣蟌Ischnura sengalensis	中Middle
蓝纹尾蟌Cercion calamorum	低Low
细蟌1种Coenagrionidae sp.	低Low
其他捕食性昆虫 Other predatory insects
双翅目 Diptera
蠓科 Ceratopogonidae
蠓科多种Ceratopogonid spp.	高High
长足虻科 Dolichopodidae
长足虻科多种Dolichopodid spp.	中Middle
舞虻科 Empididae
舞虻属1种Drapetis sp.1	低Low
舞虻属1种Drapetis sp.2	中Middle
舞虻属1种Drapetis (Elaphropeza)	中Middle
水蝇科 Ephydridae
螳水蝇Ochthera sauteri	中Middle
螳水蝇1种Ochthera sp.	低Low
半翅目 Hemiptera
水黾科 Gerridae
尖钩宽黾蝽Microvelia horvathi	低Low
蜻蜓目 Odonata
蜻科 Libellulidae
猩红蜻蜓Crocothemis servillia	低Low
脉翅目 Neuroptera
蛾蛉科Ithonidae
蛾蛉科1种Ithonidae sp.	低Low
中性昆虫 Detritivores/Tourists
双翅目 Diptera
摇蚊科 Chironomidae
摇蚊科多种Chironomidae spp.	高High
蚊科 Culicidae
蚊科1种Culicid sp. 1	低Low
蚊科1种Culicid sp. 2	低Low
蚊科1种Culicid sp. 3	中Middle
蕈蚊科 Mycetophilidae
蕈蚊科多种Mycetophilidae sp.	低Low
粪蚊科 Scatopsidae
黑粪蚊Scatopse sp.
眼蕈蚊科 Sciaridae
尖眼蕈蚊Sciara sp.	低Low
蚋科 Simuliidae
蚋属1种Simulium sp.1	中Middle
蚋属1种Simulium sp.2	低Low
大蚊科 Tipulidae
大蚊1种Tipula sp.1	低Low
大蚊1种Tipula sp.2	低Low

变异来源 Source of variation	豆娘 Damselflies			其他捕食性昆虫 Other predatory insects			中性昆虫 Detritivores/tourists
变异来源 Source of variation	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P
2009
水稻生育期Rice growing stage(RGS)	3	15.435	<0.001	3	0.853	0.468	3	6.214	0.001
处理Treatment(T)	1	2.120	0.148	1	1.978	0.162	1	19.102	<0.001
水稻生育期×处理RGS×T	3	1.768	0.157	3	1.535	0.209	3	5.839	0.001
2010
水稻生育期Rice growing stage(RGS)	3	7.705	<0.001	3	3.103	0.033	3	56.302	<0.001
采样地点Sampling site(SS)	1	0.287	0.594	1	0.069	0.794	1	14.514	<0.001
处理Treatment (T)	1	15.736	<0.001	1	0.529	0.470	1	33.680	<0.001
水稻生育期×采样地点RGS×SS	3	0.686	0.564	3	2.537	0.064	3	14.597	<0.001
水稻生育期×处理RGS×T	3	8.287	<0.001	3	5.192	0.003	3	33.309	<0.001
采样地点×处理SS×T	1	0.563	0.456	1	0.102	0.750	1	6.749	0.012
水稻生育期×采样地点×处理RGS×SS×T	3	0.594	0.621	3	0.669	0.574	3	6.752	<0.001
2011
水稻生育期 Rice growing stage (RGS)	3	88.303	<0.001	3	4.019	0.011	3	13.130	<0.001
采样地点 Sampling site(SS)	1	52.479	<0.001	1	1.16	0.286	1	0.590	0.445
处理Treatment (T)	1	87.310	<0.001	1	1.341	0.251	1	8.804	0.004
水稻生育期×采样地点RGS×SS	3	28.320	<0.001	3	0.590	0.624	3	5.419	0.002
水稻生育期×处理RGS ×T	3	62.029	<0.001	3	0.726	0.540	3	3.631	0.017
采样地点×处理SS×T	1	22.987	<0.001	1	0.389	0.535	1	0.005	0.945
水稻生育期×采样地点×处理RGS ×SS×T	3	16.537	<0.001	3	0.424	0.737	3	0.392	0.759

变异来源 Source of variation	豆娘 Damselflies			其他捕食性昆虫 Other predatory insects			中性昆虫 Detritivores/tourists
变异来源 Source of variation	df	F	P	df	F	P	df	F	P
2009
水稻生育期Rice growing stage(RGS)	3	15.435	<0.001	3	0.853	0.468	3	6.214	0.001
处理Treatment(T)	1	2.120	0.148	1	1.978	0.162	1	19.102	<0.001
水稻生育期×处理RGS×T	3	1.768	0.157	3	1.535	0.209	3	5.839	0.001
2010
水稻生育期Rice growing stage(RGS)	3	7.705	<0.001	3	3.103	0.033	3	56.302	<0.001
采样地点Sampling site(SS)	1	0.287	0.594	1	0.069	0.794	1	14.514	<0.001
处理Treatment (T)	1	15.736	<0.001	1	0.529	0.470	1	33.680	<0.001
水稻生育期×采样地点RGS×SS	3	0.686	0.564	3	2.537	0.064	3	14.597	<0.001
水稻生育期×处理RGS×T	3	8.287	<0.001	3	5.192	0.003	3	33.309	<0.001
采样地点×处理SS×T	1	0.563	0.456	1	0.102	0.750	1	6.749	0.012
水稻生育期×采样地点×处理RGS×SS×T	3	0.594	0.621	3	0.669	0.574	3	6.752	<0.001
2011
水稻生育期 Rice growing stage (RGS)	3	88.303	<0.001	3	4.019	0.011	3	13.130	<0.001
采样地点 Sampling site(SS)	1	52.479	<0.001	1	1.16	0.286	1	0.590	0.445
处理Treatment (T)	1	87.310	<0.001	1	1.341	0.251	1	8.804	0.004
水稻生育期×采样地点RGS×SS	3	28.320	<0.001	3	0.590	0.624	3	5.419	0.002
水稻生育期×处理RGS ×T	3	62.029	<0.001	3	0.726	0.540	3	3.631	0.017
采样地点×处理SS×T	1	22.987	<0.001	1	0.389	0.535	1	0.005	0.945
水稻生育期×采样地点×处理RGS ×SS×T	3	16.537	<0.001	3	0.424	0.737	3	0.392	0.759