Abstract: The data of national rice regional trial in southern China from 1986 to 2002 were analyzed. Obvious progress has been achieved in improvement of indica rice varieties in the Yangtse Valley during the last seven years(1996-2002). The average yield increased by more than 12% and grain quality was improved significantly, but resistance to main pests was not improved obviously compared to those during “the 7th Five year Plan”(1986-1990) and“ the 8th Five year Plan”(1991-1995). Proper heightening plant would play an important role indirectly to increase yield. Based on suitable number of effective panicles and grain weight, it was very important to increase grains per panicle to improve both the yield and grain quality. Strategies were proposed for raising the breeding level further.

Key words: indica rice, the Yangtse Valley, breeding, regional trial

摘要： 根据对1986~2002年南方稻区国家水稻品种区域试验资料的分析表明，我国长江流域籼稻品种选育在经过“八五”时期的徘徊之后，“九五”以来取得明显进展，平均产量水平比“七五”和“八五”时期提高了12%以上，同时稻米品质明显改善，但整体抗性水平无明显提高。在品种改良中，适当增加植株高度对提高产量有重要的间接促进作用，同时，在保持适度的穗数和粒重前提下增加每穗粒数，对兼顾提高产量和改良品质至关重要。提出了进一步提高育种水平的策略与建议。

关键词: 籼稻, 长江流域, 品种选育, 区域试验