Abstract: A 608-accession core collection (including 548 landrace accessions and 60 improved varieties) from 5 rice cropping regions and 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province was evaluated in P-deficient (available P: 0.02 mg/kg) and P-sufficient (available P: 80 mg/kg) acid red soil. Rice landraces from Northwest Yunnan cold highland japonica rice region and Northeast Yunnan highland japonica rice region had a stronger ability of activating unavailable soil phosphorus, and those from South Yunnan single/double season rice region and South marginal paddy-upland rice region were strong and greatly different with the diversiform distribution; those from Central Yunnan single season japonica-indica region were relatively weak in the ability. As for prefecture, rice landraces from Wenshan, Dehong, Lincang, Lijiang and Zhaotong had the strongest ability of activating unavailable soil phosphorus, and those from Xishuangbanna, Nujiang, Chuxiong, Yuxi and Qujing were next, but those from Kunming, Dali, Honghe, Baoshan and Diqing were the weakest. The ability of activating unavailable soil phosphorus of rice landraces was stronger than that of the improved varieties.

Key words: Yunnan rice landrace, core collection, activating ability, unavailable phosphorus

摘要： 在土壤有效磷含量0.02 mg/kg 和80 mg/kg 条件下对云南5个稻作区和16个地州的548份云南地方稻核心种质和60份改良种进行了无效磷的活化特性及其生态差异研究。滇西北高寒粳稻区和滇东北高原粳稻区稻种无效磷活化能力较强；南部边缘水陆稻区和滇南单双季籼稻区稻种无效磷活化能力强且差异较大，并呈现多样性分布；滇中一季籼粳稻区则相对较弱。从行政区域看，文山、德宏、临沧、丽江和昭通稻种无效磷活化能力较强，西双版纳、怒江、楚雄、玉溪和曲靖次之，而滇中昆明、保山、红河、迪庆和大理最弱。云南地方稻的无效磷活化能力明显高于改良种。

关键词: 云南稻, 核心种质, 活化特性, 无效磷, 生态差异