Cluster Analysis of Weedy Rice and Cultivated Rice Based on the Structural Characteristics of Leaf Lower Epidermis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2009.05.08

Abstract

Abstract: The characteristics of long cells, papillae with different sizes, stomata on leafback in 33 accessions of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) and 6 accessions of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) were observed with a light microscopy (LM). The principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were conducted using the above data. Three principal components were obtained, in which the number and diameter of the large, medium and small papillae on the long cells, stomatal density contributed most variance. The morphological features of the leaf epidermis varied significantly among the accessions. The results may be valuable for the taxonomic identification and studies on origins of weedy rice.

Key words: weedy rice, leaf lower epidermis, cluster analysis, stomatal density, papillae

摘要： 利用光学显微镜对33份杂草稻及6份栽培稻材料的叶片下表皮中央长细胞及其各级乳突、气孔器及其乳突的结构特征进行了观察、统计后作主成分分析及聚类分析。主成分分析后得到3个在各个性状因子中贡献率最大的主成分，分别是中央长细胞大乳突、中乳突及小乳突的数目、大小，气孔密度。叶表皮结构特征在各供试材料之间有一定的变异和特异性，在杂草稻分类鉴定及亲缘关系的研究中具有一定的价值。

关键词: 杂草稻, 叶下表皮, 聚类分析, 气孔密度, 乳突

YANG Lin,DAI Wei-min,QIANG Sheng,SONG Xiao-ling*. Cluster Analysis of Weedy Rice and Cultivated Rice Based on the Structural Characteristics of Leaf Lower Epidermis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2009.05.08 .

杨琳,戴伟民,强胜,宋小玲. 杂草稻和栽培稻叶片下表皮结构特征的观察及聚类分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2009.05.08 .

References

[1]Ferrero A. Biology and control of red rice (Oryza sativa L. var. sylvatica) infesting European rice fields. Medoryzae， 2001（9）: 2-4.

[2]Azmi M, Sivapragasam A, Abdullah M Z, et al. Weedy rice and its management through integration of cultural, physical and chemical interventions in directseeded rice//Proceedings of the International Rice Conference, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia, 1316 Oct. 2003.Alor setar, Kedah, Malaysia: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 2003: 143-148.

[3]许聪, 吴万春. 海南岛杂草稻的生态考察和鉴定. 中国水稻科学, 1996, 10(4): 247-249.

[4]李茂柏, 马殿荣, 陈温福, 等. 辽宁省杂草稻生物学特性研究. 安徽农业科学, 2006, 34(20): 5224-5225.

[5]仲维功, 杨杰, 陈志德, 等. 江苏扬中“杂草稻”的籼粳分类. 江苏农业学报, 2006, 22(3): 238-242.

[6]Ferrero A, Vidotto F, Balsari P, et al. Mechanical and chemical control of red rice (Oryza sativa L. var. sylvatica) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) preplanting. Crop Prot, 1999, 18: 245-251.

[7]Suh H S, Sato Y I, Morishima H. Genetic characterization of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) based on morphophysiology, isozymes and RAPD markers. Theor Appl Genet, 1997, 94: 316-321.

[8]Ferrero A. Weed management for developing countries[R/OL]. Rome: FAO, 2003.[2009-03-02]. http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y5031E/y5031e09.htm.

[9]Gu X Y, Kianian S F, Foley M E. Seed dormancy imposed by covering tissues interrelates to shattering and seed morphological characteristics in weedy rice. Crop Sci, 2005, 45(3): 948-955.

[10]余柳青, Martin M A, 玄松南, 等. 杂草稻落粒粳的抗逆境特性研究. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(4): 717-720.

[11]袁晓丹, 赵国臣, 柳参奎, 等. 东北地区杂草稻主要农艺性状的评价. 吉林农业科学, 2006, 31(6): 6-9.

[12]Baker H G. The evolution of weeds. Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 1974, 5: 1-24.

[13]Zhu S S, Jiang L, Wang C M, et al. The origin of weedy rice Ludao in China deduced by genome wide analysis of its hybrid sterility genes. Breeding Sci, 2005, 55(4): 409-414.

[14]Ishikawa R, Toki N, Imai K, et al. Origin of weedy rice grown in Bhutan and the force of genetic diversity. Genetic Res & Crop Evol, 2005, 52(4): 395-403.

[15]Cao Q J, Lu B R, Xia H, et al. Genetic diversity and origin of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) populations found in northeastern China revealed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Ann Bot, 2006, 98(36): 1241-1253.

[16]马殿荣, 李茂柏, 王楠, 等. 中国辽宁省杂草稻遗传多样性及群体分化研究. 作物学报, 2008, 34(3): 403-411.

[17]马殿荣, 王楠, 王莹, 等. 中国北方杂草稻深覆土条件下出苗动力源分析. 中国水稻科学, 2008, 22(2): 215218.

[18]Baranova M A. Historical development of the present classification of morphological type of stomates. Bot Rev, 1987, 53(1): 5379.

[19]张文绪. 稻属植物叶背亚显微结构的观察研究. 中国水稻科学, 1995, 9(2): 71-76.

[20]张志耘, 卢宝荣, 温洁. 稻属叶表皮结构特征及其系统学意义. 植物分类学报, 1998, 36(1): 8-18.

[21]蔡联炳. 禾本科叶片表皮结构细胞的组合式样及其分类学意义. 植物研究, 1999, 19(4): 415-426.

[22]张乃群, 舒理慧, 祝莉莉, 等. 中国稻属植物叶片亚显微结构比较研究. 西北植物学报, 2005, 25(11): 2204-2208.

[23]马秀玲, 张文绪. 稻属植物体表亚显微结构的研究: Ⅰ.气孔特征的观察研究. 北京农业大学学报, 1993, 19(3): 47-52.

[24]张文绪, 杨敏华. 七个稻种叶片下表皮乳突显微结构特征观察研究. 北京农业大学学报, 1995, 21(1): 20-29.

[25]蔡联炳, 郭延平. 禾本科植物叶片表皮结构细胞主要类型的演化与系统分类和发育途径的探讨. 西北植物学报, 1995, 15(4): 323-335.

[26]Vaughan L K, Ottis B V, PrazakHavey A M, et al. Is all red rice found in commercial rice really Oryza sativa? Weed Sci, 2001, 49(4): 468-476.

[27]Federici M T, Vaughan D, Tomooka N, et al. Analysis of Uruguayan weedy rice genetic diversity using AFLP molecular markers. Electronic J Biotechnol, 2001, 4(3): 130-145.

[28]Arrietaespinoza G, Sanchez E, Vargas S, et al. The weedy rice complex in Costa Rica: Ⅰ. Morphological study of relationships between commercial rice varieties, and wild Oryza relatives and weedy types. Genet Res & Crop Evol, 2005, 52: 575-587.

[29]张忠林, 彭桂峰, 田卫东, 等. 杂草稻种质资源农艺性状的主成分及聚类分析. 西南农业学报, 2004, 17(z1): 236-240.