Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on the Yield and Grain Quality of Perennial Rice 26

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.251001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Perennial rice represents a novel rice cropping system characterized by continuous harvests following a single sowing event. From the second growing season onward, it eliminates conventional agronomic practices such as sowing, seedling nursing, tillage, and transplanting, thereby enabling significant cultivation simplification. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient that governs both grain yield and rice quality. The integrated application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer has been demonstrated to synergistically enhance both productivity and grain quality in rice cropping systems. However, systematic investigations on the combined effects of nitrogen and organic fertilizers on the coordinated improvement of yield and quality in perennial rice remain limited. To address this knowledge gap, a field experiment was conducted from January 2023 to December 2024 in Menghai County, Yunnan Province, using the perennial rice variety “PR26” as the experimental material. The study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different nitrogen and organic fertilizer application strategies on grain yield and quality of perennial rice, with the goal of providing theoretical guidance for high-quality and sustainable perennial rice production.【Method】The experiment was conducted using a two-factor randomized complete block design. Three nitrogen fertilizer levels were applied: 0 (N0), 120 (N1), and 180 kg/hm² (N2); and three organic fertilizer treatments were implemented: no organic fertilizer (F0), Heliwang organic fertilizer (F1), and Yuanjiang Nongzhuang organic fertilizer (F2). This resulted in a total of nine treatment combinations. 【Result】1) The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the effective panicle number, grains per panicle, and seed setting rate of PR26, with the N2F1 treatment achieving the highest values—304.94 panicles per m², 116.06 grains per panicle, and 83.21%, respectively. Compared to the N0F0 control, effective panicle number and grains per panicle increased by 17.04% and 21.05%, respectively, while seed setting rate increased by 18.28 percentage points. 2) Grain yield of PR26 maximized under the N2F1 treatment, averaging 6.93 t/hm²across four growing seasons. Nitrogen application rate was the primary factor influencing yield, with the average yield under N2 being 66.26% higher than N0 and 19.26% greater than N1. The yield-enhancing effect of organic fertilizer followed the order F1 > F2 > F0, where F1 increased yield by 7.77% and 3.64% relative to F0 and F2, respectively. 3) Photosynthetic performance and perenniality traits of PR26 differed significantly across fertilization treatments. During maturity, the N2F1 treatment exhibited markedly higher net photosynthetic rate, dry matter accumulation, and root bleeding sap flow, with mean values of 19.76 μmol/(m²·s), 24.42 t/hm², and 0.54 g/h, respectively. 4) Increasing nitrogen supply significantly increased plant nitrogen concentration and nitrogen harvest index (NHI). The N2F1 treatment achieved the highest nitrogen use efficiency, with a plant nitrogen concentration of 3.07% and an NHI of 52.80%. 5) Co-application of nitrogen and organic fertilizers synergistically improved the processing, nutritional, and cooking quality of perennial rice PR26. Among the treatments, N2F2 performed best in brown rice rate, milled rice rate and amino acid content, with a brown rice rate of 87.96%, a milled rice rate of 77.35%, a head milled rice rate of 53.73%, a glutelin content of 5.21% and an amino acid content of 353.33 μmol/g.【Conclusion】The combined application of nitrogen and organic fertilizers synergistically enhances photosynthetic performance, promotes dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake, and optimizes yield components, thereby significantly increasing grain yield in perennial rice. This integrated fertilization strategy also improves ratoon survival rate and root system vitality, helping to sustain the crop's perennial characteristics, while concurrently improving rice quality in terms of milling, nutritional value, and cooking and eating quality.

Key words: perennial rice, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, yield, rice quality

摘要：

【目的】多年生稻是一种一次播种连续多年收获的稻作新类型，第二季开始省去传统水稻生产中的播种、育苗、翻耕与移栽等环节，实现轻简化栽培。氮素是影响水稻产量和稻米品质的关键元素，氮肥配施有机肥已被证实可协同提高水稻的产量与品质。目前针对氮肥配施有机肥对多年生稻产量和品质协同提升的系统性研究仍相对匮乏。为此，本研究以多年生稻品种“云大26”为试验材料，于2023年1月至2024年12月在云南省勐海县开展田间试验，旨在探究不同氮肥配施有机肥方案对多年生稻产量及稻米品质的影响，以期为多年生稻的优质可持续栽培提供理论支撑。【方法】试验采用双因素随机区组设计，设3个氮肥水平[0 (N0)、120 (N1)和180 kg/hm²(N2)]和3种有机肥处理[不施有机肥(F0)、禾力旺有机肥(F1)和元江农庄有机肥(F2)]共9个处理组合。【结果】1)氮肥配施有机肥显著提高云大26有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率，以N2F1处理最高，平均值分别为304.94穗/m²、116.06粒/穗和83.21%，较N0F0处理有效穗数和每穗粒数分别提高17.04%和21.05%，结实率提高18.28个百分点。2)云大26产量在N2F1处理下最优，四季平均产量为6.93 t/hm²；施氮量是影响产量的主导因素，N2平均产量较N0和N1分别提高66.26%和19.26%；而有机肥增产效应表现为F1 > F2 > F0，F1较F0和F2分别增产7.77%和3.64%。3)不同施肥处理云大26光合特性和多年生性差异显著，N2F1处理成熟期净光合速率、干物质积累量和根系伤流量显著高于其他处理，平均值分别为19.76 μmol/(m²·s)、24.42 t/hm²和0.54 g/h。4)随施氮量增加，植株含氮量和氮收获指数均显著提高，其中N2F1处理氮素利用效率最高，植株含氮量和氮收获指数分别为3.07%和52.80%。5)氮肥配施有机肥可协同改善多年生稻云大26的加工品质、营养品质和食味品质。其中N2F2处理在出糙率、精米率和氨基酸含量上表现最优，其出糙率、精米率和整精米率分别为87.96%、77.35%和53.73%，谷蛋白和氨基酸含量分别为5.21%和353.33 µmol/g。【结论】氮肥配施有机肥通过协同增强光合性能、促进干物质积累与氮素吸收，优化产量构成因子，从而提升多年生稻产量。该模式同时提高了稻桩成活率与根系活力，维持其多年生特性，并同步改善稻米加工、营养与食味品质。

关键词: 多年生稻, 氮肥, 有机肥, 产量, 稻米品质

GUO Jintao, KONG Yanhong, LI Lianxiang, ZHOU Yan, YU Xuefei, HUANG Guangfu, ZHANG Shilai, ZHANG Jing, HU Fengyi, ZHANG Yujiao. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on the Yield and Grain Quality of Perennial Rice 26[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(6): 796-807.

郭锦涛, 孔艳红, 李连祥, 周艳, 于雪飞, 黄光福, 张石来, 张静, 胡凤益, 张玉娇. 氮肥配施有机肥对多年生稻云大26产量及稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(6): 796-807.

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

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处理 Treatment	产量 Grain yield (t/hm²)	有效穗 Effective panicles per m²	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)
N0F0	4.00±1.22 h	260.54±42.14 e	95.88±6.58 g	64.93±7.18	27.27±0.11
N0F1	4.21±1.05 g	280.59±17.70 d	98.28±6.92 f	66.59±9.46	27.28±0.08
N0F2	3.95±1.05 h	260.89±27.54 e	97.45±5.37 fg	65.35±7.19	27.24±0.09
N1F0	5.34±1.59 f	294.68±33.26 c	101.86±6.22 e	78.22±8.40	27.28±0.10
N1F1	5.93±1.09 d	304.24±19.26 a	104.77±6.99 d	78.94±9.14	27.23±0.08
N1F2	5.71±1.35 e	301.71±27.75 ab	103.67±5.31 d	78.41±8.91	27.22±0.12
N2F0	6.50±0.90 c	297.91±23.90 bc	111.17±7.81 c	82.58±7.03	27.27±0.07
N2F1	6.93±0.92 a	304.94±20.80 a	116.06±8.92 a	83.21±8.08	27.28±0.11
N2F2	6.81±0.97 b	301.37±22.58 ab	114.13±6.53 b	82.93±8.13	27.26±0.09
生长季节 Growing season
S1	6.58±1.02 a	318.78±14.84 a	111.37±7.87 a	84.65±6.79 a	27.24±0.10
S2	4.86±1.44 c	286.59±35.71 b	105.52±7.01 c	71.94±9.37 c	27.25±0.09
S3	6.43±1.12 b	289.44±18.29 b	108.26±7.77 b	81.03±8.13 b	27.27±0.09
S4	4.07±1.09 d	263.70±23.89 c	94.48±6.28 d	65.12±6.14 d	27.25±0.10
氮肥水平 N level
N0	4.06±1.08 c	267.25±31.37 b	97.31±6.23 c	65.62±7.82 c	27.26±0.09
N1	5.66±1.34 b	300.31±26.90 a	103.58±6.15 b	78.52±8.57 b	27.24±0.10
N2	6.75±0.92 a	301.41±22.01 a	113.83±7.86 a	82.91±7.54 a	27.27±0.09
有机肥类别 Organic fertilizer type
F0	5.28±1.61 c	284.36±37.14 c	103.06±9.26 c	75.24±10.69 b	27.27±0.09
F1	5.69±1.51 a	296.50±22.00 a	106.50±10.52 a	76.25±11.22 a	27.26±0.09
F2	5.49±1.63 b	288.03±31.95 b	105.17±8.88 b	75.56±10.92 b	27.24±0.10
ANOVA F值 F value
S(df=3)	4183.17***	386.33***	1079.04***	3329.32***	0.58(ns)
N(df=2)	6821.33***	379.41***	1853.64***	4581.76***	0.84(ns)
F(df=2)	159.68***	39.12***	80.33**	15.03***	1.21(ns)
S×N(df=6)	92.21***	67.50***	6.57***	56.90***	1.50(ns)
S×F(df=6)	22.73***	31.78***	8.30***	11.39***	2.83*
N×F(df=4)	19.03***	8.54***	3.71**	1.87(ns)	0.43(ns)
S×N×F(df=12)	12.51***	17.60***	0.87(ns)	4.98***	1.62(ns)

处理 Treatment	产量 Grain yield (t/hm²)	有效穗 Effective panicles per m²	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)
N0F0	4.00±1.22 h	260.54±42.14 e	95.88±6.58 g	64.93±7.18	27.27±0.11
N0F1	4.21±1.05 g	280.59±17.70 d	98.28±6.92 f	66.59±9.46	27.28±0.08
N0F2	3.95±1.05 h	260.89±27.54 e	97.45±5.37 fg	65.35±7.19	27.24±0.09
N1F0	5.34±1.59 f	294.68±33.26 c	101.86±6.22 e	78.22±8.40	27.28±0.10
N1F1	5.93±1.09 d	304.24±19.26 a	104.77±6.99 d	78.94±9.14	27.23±0.08
N1F2	5.71±1.35 e	301.71±27.75 ab	103.67±5.31 d	78.41±8.91	27.22±0.12
N2F0	6.50±0.90 c	297.91±23.90 bc	111.17±7.81 c	82.58±7.03	27.27±0.07
N2F1	6.93±0.92 a	304.94±20.80 a	116.06±8.92 a	83.21±8.08	27.28±0.11
N2F2	6.81±0.97 b	301.37±22.58 ab	114.13±6.53 b	82.93±8.13	27.26±0.09
生长季节 Growing season
S1	6.58±1.02 a	318.78±14.84 a	111.37±7.87 a	84.65±6.79 a	27.24±0.10
S2	4.86±1.44 c	286.59±35.71 b	105.52±7.01 c	71.94±9.37 c	27.25±0.09
S3	6.43±1.12 b	289.44±18.29 b	108.26±7.77 b	81.03±8.13 b	27.27±0.09
S4	4.07±1.09 d	263.70±23.89 c	94.48±6.28 d	65.12±6.14 d	27.25±0.10
氮肥水平 N level
N0	4.06±1.08 c	267.25±31.37 b	97.31±6.23 c	65.62±7.82 c	27.26±0.09
N1	5.66±1.34 b	300.31±26.90 a	103.58±6.15 b	78.52±8.57 b	27.24±0.10
N2	6.75±0.92 a	301.41±22.01 a	113.83±7.86 a	82.91±7.54 a	27.27±0.09
有机肥类别 Organic fertilizer type
F0	5.28±1.61 c	284.36±37.14 c	103.06±9.26 c	75.24±10.69 b	27.27±0.09
F1	5.69±1.51 a	296.50±22.00 a	106.50±10.52 a	76.25±11.22 a	27.26±0.09
F2	5.49±1.63 b	288.03±31.95 b	105.17±8.88 b	75.56±10.92 b	27.24±0.10
ANOVA F值 F value
S(df=3)	4183.17***	386.33***	1079.04***	3329.32***	0.58(ns)
N(df=2)	6821.33***	379.41***	1853.64***	4581.76***	0.84(ns)
F(df=2)	159.68***	39.12***	80.33**	15.03***	1.21(ns)
S×N(df=6)	92.21***	67.50***	6.57***	56.90***	1.50(ns)
S×F(df=6)	22.73***	31.78***	8.30***	11.39***	2.83*
N×F(df=4)	19.03***	8.54***	3.71**	1.87(ns)	0.43(ns)
S×N×F(df=12)	12.51***	17.60***	0.87(ns)	4.98***	1.62(ns)

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate [μmol/(m²·s)]	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (t/hm²)	稻桩成活率 Stubble survival rate (%)	根系伤流量 Root bleeding sap (g/h)
N0F0	9.43±0.36 g	10.99±1.59 h	88.38±7.67 i	0.31±0.07 f
N0F1	11.49±0.43 f	12.79±1.17 g	89.03±7.45 h	0.36±0.09 e
N0F2	11.55±0.47 f	13.11±1.72 g	89.55±7.20 g	0.35±0.09 e
N1F0	12.60±0.62 e	16.63±1.36 f	91.08±6.21 f	0.38±0.10 d
N1F1	16.33±0.67 d	17.71±1.70 e	92.29±5.39 e	0.44±0.15 c
N1F2	16.09±1.06 d	19.10±1.63 d	92.78±5.07 d	0.45±0.15 c
N2F0	18.64±0.76 c	21.07±1.33 c	94.12±4.28 c	0.44±0.14 c
N2F1	19.76±0.86 a	24.42±1.80 a	94.70±3.93 b	0.54±0.20 a
N2F2	19.12±0.80 b	22.13±2.02 b	95.55±3.30 a	0.49±0.19 b
生长季节 Growing season
S1	14.75±3.45 c	18.01±4.89 b	99.50±0.44 a	0.55±0.12 a
S2	15.51±3.84 a	16.52±4.71 c	92.13±1.94 b	0.30±0.03 c
S3	14.62±3.77 c	19.54±4.46 a	91.77±3.10 c	0.53±0.11 b
S4	15.12±3.81 b	16.16±3.76 d	84.37±4.59 d	0.29±0.03 d
氮肥水平 N level
N0	10.82±1.08 c	12.32±1.72 c	88.98±7.24 c	0.34±0.09 c
N1	15.00±1.90 b	17.81±1.84 b	92.05±5.46 b	0.43±0.14 b
N2	19.17±0.91 a	22.54±2.20 a	94.79±3.79 a	0.49±0.18 a
有机肥类别 Organic fertilizer
F0	13.55±3.92 b	16.25±4.34 c	91.19±6.48 c	0.38±0.12 c
F1	15.80±3.50 a	18.88±5.00 a	92.01±6.08 b	0.45±0.17 a
F2	15.65±3.26 a	17.54±4.20 b	92.63±5.83 a	0.43±0.16 b
ANOVA F值 F value
S(df=3)	22.32***	426.59***	15 227.22***	3 947 556.59***
N(df=2)	3231.03***	6222.55***	486.40***	1 465 594.13***
F(df=2)	291.79***	409.86***	274.85***	331 938.08***
S×N(df=6)	2.61*	20.88***	575.96***	169 552.28***
S×F(df=6)	6.64***	27.75***	31.18***	9 332.80***
N×F(df=4)	44.06***	20.30***	6.64***	19 217.28***
S×N×F(df=12)	4.77***	3.23**	2.78**	14 084.13***

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate [μmol/(m²·s)]	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (t/hm²)	稻桩成活率 Stubble survival rate (%)	根系伤流量 Root bleeding sap (g/h)
N0F0	9.43±0.36 g	10.99±1.59 h	88.38±7.67 i	0.31±0.07 f
N0F1	11.49±0.43 f	12.79±1.17 g	89.03±7.45 h	0.36±0.09 e
N0F2	11.55±0.47 f	13.11±1.72 g	89.55±7.20 g	0.35±0.09 e
N1F0	12.60±0.62 e	16.63±1.36 f	91.08±6.21 f	0.38±0.10 d
N1F1	16.33±0.67 d	17.71±1.70 e	92.29±5.39 e	0.44±0.15 c
N1F2	16.09±1.06 d	19.10±1.63 d	92.78±5.07 d	0.45±0.15 c
N2F0	18.64±0.76 c	21.07±1.33 c	94.12±4.28 c	0.44±0.14 c
N2F1	19.76±0.86 a	24.42±1.80 a	94.70±3.93 b	0.54±0.20 a
N2F2	19.12±0.80 b	22.13±2.02 b	95.55±3.30 a	0.49±0.19 b
生长季节 Growing season
S1	14.75±3.45 c	18.01±4.89 b	99.50±0.44 a	0.55±0.12 a
S2	15.51±3.84 a	16.52±4.71 c	92.13±1.94 b	0.30±0.03 c
S3	14.62±3.77 c	19.54±4.46 a	91.77±3.10 c	0.53±0.11 b
S4	15.12±3.81 b	16.16±3.76 d	84.37±4.59 d	0.29±0.03 d
氮肥水平 N level
N0	10.82±1.08 c	12.32±1.72 c	88.98±7.24 c	0.34±0.09 c
N1	15.00±1.90 b	17.81±1.84 b	92.05±5.46 b	0.43±0.14 b
N2	19.17±0.91 a	22.54±2.20 a	94.79±3.79 a	0.49±0.18 a
有机肥类别 Organic fertilizer
F0	13.55±3.92 b	16.25±4.34 c	91.19±6.48 c	0.38±0.12 c
F1	15.80±3.50 a	18.88±5.00 a	92.01±6.08 b	0.45±0.17 a
F2	15.65±3.26 a	17.54±4.20 b	92.63±5.83 a	0.43±0.16 b
ANOVA F值 F value
S(df=3)	22.32***	426.59***	15 227.22***	3 947 556.59***
N(df=2)	3231.03***	6222.55***	486.40***	1 465 594.13***
F(df=2)	291.79***	409.86***	274.85***	331 938.08***
S×N(df=6)	2.61*	20.88***	575.96***	169 552.28***
S×F(df=6)	6.64***	27.75***	31.18***	9 332.80***
N×F(df=4)	44.06***	20.30***	6.64***	19 217.28***
S×N×F(df=12)	4.77***	3.23**	2.78**	14 084.13***

处理 Treatment	植株含氮量 Plant nitrogen content(%)	氮收获指数 NHI(%)
N0F0	1.44±0.18	51.39±0.46 e
N0F1	1.73±0.16	51.64±0.42 de
N0F2	1.63±0.19	51.66±0.36 de
N1F0	2.54±0.20	51.42±0.42 e
N1F1	2.83±0.24	52.39±0.43 abc
N1F2	2.75±0.28	52.00±0.65 c
N2F0	2.78±0.28	52.12±0.25 bc
N2F1	3.07±0.20	52.80±0.38 a
N2F2	2.99±0.30	52.50±0.28 ab
生长季节 Growing season
S1	2.32±0.60 c	51.68±0.64 c
S2	2.20±0.60 d	51.90±0.54 bc
S3	2.73±0.68 a	52.09±0.57 ab
S4	2.42±0.64 b	52.30±0.59 a
氮肥水平 N level
N0	1.60±0.21 c	51.56±0.42 c
N1	2.71±0.26 b	51.93±0.64 b
N2	2.95±0.29 a	52.47±0.41 a
有机肥类别 Organic fertilizer
F0	2.25±0.63 c	51.64±0.51 c
F1	2.54±0.62 a	52.28±0.63 a
F2	2.46±0.65 b	52.05±0.57 b
ANOVA F值 F value
S(df=3)	108.95***	12.08***
N(df=2)	1503.29***	48.42***
F(df=2)	62.99***	24.25***
S×N(df=6)	2.14(ns)	0.05(ns)
S×F(df=6)	0.48(ns)	0.08(ns)
N×F(df=4)	0.02(ns)	2.54*
S×N×F(df=12)	0.86(ns)	0.19(ns)