Distribution of Ten Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Rice Varieties from South China

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.251004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】This study aims to assess the distribution of cloned or mapped bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa1, Xa3, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa8, Xa10, xa13, Xa21, and Xa23) in newly developed and widely cultivated rice varieties in South China. It also evaluates the effectiveness of gene combinations in providing resistance. The findings provide a scientific basis for the rational deployment of bacterial blight-resistant rice genotypes and the application of these resistance genes in the region.【Method】Using functional markers for the 10 resistance genes, 887 newly developed rice varieties from South China and 25 major rice varieties from Guangdong Province (2023–2024) were screened for resistance genes to bacterial blight. The resistance of 887 newly developed rice varieties to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) was identified by artificial leaf-cutting and inoculating with the dominant pathogenic strains of Xoo in South China. The resistance of the 25 major varieties in Guangdong Province was assessed using 102 representative strains from 11 major pathogenic types collected in 2024.【Result】Of the 887 new rice varieties, the frequencies of varieties carrying Xa1, Xa23, Xa3, Xa7, Xa4, Xa21, and xa8 were 16.57%, 12.63%, 6.99%, 5.98%, 1.92%, 1.92%, and 0.34%, respectively, while no varieties carried xa5, Xa10, or xa13. Among the new varieties, 0.34% carried 4 resistance genes, 0.34% carried 3 genes, 6.99% carried 2 genes, 29.99% carried 1 gene, and 62.34% carried no resistance genes. Among the 68 new varieties with gene combinations, the most frequent genes were Xa23, Xa1, Xa3, Xa7, Xa4, and Xa21, with application frequencies of 63.23%, 63.23%, 38.23%, 27.94%, 14.71%, and 5.88%, respectively. Of the 887 varieties, 20.41% were resistant to the dominant Xoo pathogen in South China, while 79.59% were susceptible. The percentages of resistant varieties harboring only one of the genes Xa23, Xa4, xa8, Xa7, Xa21, Xa3, and Xa1 were 92.75%, 42.86%, 33.33%, 32.35%, 23.08%, 11.11%, and 7.69%, respectively. Among new varieties with 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 resistance genes, the percentages of resistant varieties were 100%, 100%, 64.52%, 35.34%, and 7.41%, respectively. 65.22% of varieties with Xa23 were resistant or moderately resistant, and among the new varieties developed by pyramiding Xa23 with different genes, 79.07% were rated as resistant or above. Among the new varieties carrying Xa7, 61.76% showed moderate susceptibility or worse, and 90% of varieties with pyramided Xa7 and other genes exhibited similar susceptibility. For the 25 main rice varieties in Guangdong, only 20% contained one or two resistance genes. The frequencies of Xa7, Xa4, and Xa3 were 4%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, while no other resistance genes were detected. Only 4% of the main varieties carried two resistance genes. Most of the 25 varieties were susceptible to the representative strains from Guangdong's pathotypes, with resistance frequencies generally low. Only Guang 8 You 2168, carrying Xa4 and Xa3, exhibited a resistance frequency of 20%, while other varieties had resistance frequencies below 10%. 【Conclusion】Currently, most of the new and main rice varieties in South China lack bacterial blight resistance genes or effective gene combinations, leading to widespread susceptibility and an escalating threat from bacterial blight. However, resistance increases with the number of resistance genes. Breeding rice varieties with multiple resistance genes is a promising strategy to address the evolving virulence of bacterial blight. Xa23, Xa7, Xa4, xa8, Xa21, Xa3, and Xa1 contribute to enhancing resistance, with Xa23 and Xa7 standing out as particularly effective and widely applicable resistance genes for future breeding in South China.

Key words: rice bacterial blight, resistant gene, new breed, main varieties, genotype analysis, molecular marker

摘要： 【目的】明确白叶枯病抗性基因 Xa1、Xa3、Xa4、xa5、Xa7、xa8、Xa10、xa13、Xa21、Xa23在水稻区试新品种和主推品种中的分布及其组合的抗病有效性，为华南稻区白叶枯病抗病品种基因型的合理布局以及抗白叶枯病基因的应用提供科学依据。【方法】应用上述10个抗病基因的功能标记，对华南稻区887个水稻区试新品种和25个2023至2024年广东省主推品种进行了抗白叶枯基因型检测；并采用人工剪叶接种法，应用华南稻区白叶枯病菌优势致病型Ⅸ型菌株对887个水稻区试新品种进行抗性鉴定，应用2024年在广东收集的11个主要致病型的102个代表菌株对25个广东省主推品种进行抗性鉴定。【结果】887个水稻区试新品种中，Xa1、Xa23、Xa3、Xa7、Xa4、Xa21、xa8基因检出频率依次为16.57%、12.63%、6.99%、5.98%、1.92%、1.92%、0.34%，xa5、Xa10及xa13基因检出频率均为0；检出含4个、3个、2个、1个、0个抗病基因的区试新品种占总检测新品种的比率依次是0.34%、0.34%、6.99%、29.99%、62.34%；在有抗白叶枯基因组合的68个区试新品种中，Xa23、Xa1、Xa3、Xa7、Xa4、Xa21的应用频率分别是63.23%、63.23%、38.23%、27.94%、14.71%、5.88%。887个水稻区试新品种中，对白叶枯病华南优势致病型Ⅸ型菌表现抗病的品种仅占20.41%，感病品种占79.59%；在携带Xa23、Xa4、xa8、Xa7、Xa21、Xa3、Xa1单一基因的区试新品种中，抗病品种的比率依次是92.75%、42.86%、33.33%、32.35%、23.08%、11.11%、7.69%；在含有4个、3个、2个、1个、0个抗病基因的水稻区试新品种中，抗病品种比率依次为100%、100%、64.52%、35.34%、7.41%；在携带Xa23单一基因的区试新品种中有65.22%的新品种达抗级以上，Xa23与不同基因聚合的新品种中有79.07%的新品种达抗级以上；在携带Xa7基因的区试新品种中有61.76%的新品种达中感级以上，Xa7与不同基因聚合的新品种中有90%的新品种达中感级以上；而携带Xa4、xa8、Xa21、Xa3、Xa1基因的区试新品种除抗病品种外，其余绝大部分的新品种均为感级以下。25个广东省主推水稻品种中，含以上1个或2个抗病基因的品种仅占20%；Xa7、Xa4、Xa3检出频率依次为4%、8%、12%，本研究的其他抗病基因均没有被检测到；含2个抗病基因的品种仅占检测主推品种的4%。25个广东省水稻主推品种对绝大多数的广东致病型代表菌株均表现感病，抗频普遍偏低，仅以含有两个抗病基因(Xa4与Xa3)的广8优2168抗性频率为20.20%，其他主推品种抗性频率均在10%以下。【结论】目前华南区试新品种和主推品种中以不含抗白叶枯病基因或基因组合的品种居多，同时，不管是区试新品种还是主推品种均以感病品种偏多，华南稻区白叶枯病防控形势日益严峻；水稻区试新品种和主推品种的抗性有随着含白叶枯病抗病基因数量的增加而增强的趋势，多基因聚合抗病育种是应对白叶枯病菌毒性变异的有效途径；目前对区试新品种抗性的提升贡献程度大小依次是Xa23、Xa7、Xa4、xa8、Xa21、Xa3、Xa1，其中Xa23、Xa7是目前在华南稻区具有极好应用前景的抗病基因。

关键词: 水稻白叶枯病, 抗病基因, 新品种, 主推品种, 基因型分析, 分子标记

FENG Aiqing, ZHANG Yabo, ZHOU Jiyong, SU Jing, FENG Jinqi, CHEN Kailing, CHEN Bing, LIANG Meiling, ZHU Xiaoyuan, WANG Congying, CHEN Shen. Distribution of Ten Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Rice Varieties from South China[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(5): 679-695.

冯爱卿, 张亚博, 周继勇, 苏菁, 封金奇, 陈凯玲, 陈炳, 梁美玲, 朱小源, 汪聪颖, 陈深. 10个抗白叶枯病基因在华南水稻品种中的分布研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(5): 679-695.

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