【目的】探究关键栽培措施(播期、密度、施氮量)对优质超级稻华浙优261产量、品质形成及生长发育特性的影响，为其制定高产、优质、高效的栽培技术方案提供理论依据。【方法】于2022−2023年，以优质超级稻华浙优261为供试品种，进行单因素大田试验，设4个播期(5月15日、5月28日、6月10日和6月23日，记为S1、S2、S3和S4)、5个移栽密度(株距依次为27.0、22.5、19.3、16.9和15.0 cm，记为D1、D2、D3、D4和D5，行距固定30 cm)和5个施氮量(0、135、180、225和270 kg/hm²，记为N0、N1、N2、N3和N4)处理，测定不同处理下水稻的产量、品质及生育特性，分析产量与干物质积累量、温光资源的相关性，并综合评价各处理下稻米品质。【结果】播期、密度和施氮量均显著影响水稻产量、品质及生育特性。各栽培措施下，产量和稻米品质综合判定等级均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，S3、D3、N3处理的产量最高，S3、D3、N2处理的品质最优。产量与播期、密度、施氮量均呈显著的二次曲线关系；产量构成因素和稻米品质指标的变化趋势因栽培措施不同而异。随播期推迟、密度降低、施氮量增加，生育时期延迟且全生育期延长；分蘖数增加但茎蘖成穗率(密度处理除外)降低，叶片SPAD值升高；高效叶面积指数、粒叶比(施氮量处理除外)、齐穗至成熟期干物质积累量、收获指数及温光生产效率均呈先增后减趋势。统计分析表明，产量与总颖花量和干物质积累量均显著正相关，其中总颖花量对产量的贡献最大；主成分分析揭示，精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、碱消值和胶稠度是评价稻米品质的关键指标。【结论】本研究条件下，浙东南地区种植华浙优261，建议于5月28日−6月15日播种，采用行距30 cm、株距19.3~23.3 cm的移栽密度，配施176.6~209.8 kg/hm²的氮肥，可实现其产量与品质的协同提升。

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of key cultivation measures (sowing date, planting density, and nitrogen application rate) on grain yield, rice quality formation, and growth characteristics of the high-quality super rice variety Huazheyou 261. The results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for developing high-yield, high-quality, and high-efficiency cultivation techniques.【Method】A single-factor field experiment was conducted using Huazheyou 261 as the test material. The treatments included four sowing dates (May 15, May 28, June 10, and June 23, denoted as S1, S2, S3, and S4), five transplanting densities (plant spacing of 27.0, 22.5, 19.3, 16.9, and 15.0 cm, denoted as D1 to D5, with a fixed row spacing of 30 cm), and five nitrogen application rates (0, 135, 180, 225, and 270 kg/hm², denoted as N0 to N4). Grain yield, rice quality, and growth characteristics were measured under different treatments. The correlations between yield and dry matter accumulation, as well as temperature and light resources, were analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation of rice quality under each treatment was also performed.【Result】Sowing date, density and nitrogen application rate significantly affected grain yield, rice quality and growth characteristics of rice. Under each cultivation measure, the grain yield and comprehensive evaluation grade of rice quality showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. The grain yield of S3, D3 and N3 treatments was the highest, and the rice quality of S3, D3 and N2 treatments was the best. There was a significant quadratic relationship between grain yield and sowing date, density and nitrogen application rate. The trend of yield components and rice quality indexes varied with different cultivation measures. With the delay of sowing date, the decrease of density and the increase of nitrogen application rate, the growth period was delayed and the whole growth period was prolonged. The number of tillers increased, but the productive tiller percentage (except density treatment) decreased, and the SPAD value of leaves increased. The effective leaf area index, grain-leaf ratio (except under nitrogen treatments), dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, harvest index, and temperature-light production efficiency all exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by decrease. Statistical analysis indicated that grain yield was significantly positively correlated with total spikelets and dry matter accumulation, with total spikelets contributing the most to grain yield. Principal component analysis identified milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness, alkali spreading value, and gel consistency as key indicators for evaluating rice quality.【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions, synergistic optimization of grain yield and rice quality for Huazheyou 261 in southeastern Zhejiang Province was achieved with the following practices: sowing between May 28 and June 15, transplanting at a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 19.3−23.3 cm, and applying nitrogen at a rate of 176.6−209.8 kg/hm².