促芽肥施用时期和施用量对再生稻产量和头季稻米品质的影响
收稿日期: 2024-10-23
修回日期: 2024-12-02
网络出版日期: 2026-01-21
基金资助
“十四五”国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFD2301000);国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01)
Effects of Application Time and Rate of Bud-promoting Fertilizer on Main Crop Quality and Annual Yield of Ratoon Rice
Received date: 2024-10-23
Revised date: 2024-12-02
Online published: 2026-01-21
【目的】探究不同促芽肥施用时期和施用量对再生稻头季品质和周年产量的影响，为优化再生稻氮肥管理和高产优质提供依据。【方法】采用2个水稻品种(两优6326和甬优4949)，在2个促芽肥施用时期(早施处理即齐穗期施用、常规施用时期处理即齐穗后15 d施用)和2种促芽肥施用量(常规施氮量处理即75 kg/hm2、减施促芽肥处理即30 kg/hm2)处理下，考察促芽肥施用时期和施用量对再生芽生长、干物质积累、头季灌浆、产量和稻米品质的影响。【结果】促芽肥施用时期和施用量对两品种头季产量没有显著影响，常规施用时期处理下减氮导致两品种再生季和周年产量下降，主要原因是再生季单位面积穗数下降；早施减施促芽肥处理下两品种再生季有效穗数、再生季和周年产量与常规促芽肥施用模式没有显著差异。与常规施用模式相比，早施减施促芽肥可降低两品种头季籽粒灌浆速率，延长强势粒活跃灌浆期，提高两品种头季整精米率，降低头季垩白粒率、垩白度，改善头季稻米外观和加工品质；然而，在常规促芽肥施用量下，与常规施用时期相比，早施促芽肥导致两优6326直链淀粉含量下降，籽粒蛋白含量提高，蒸煮食味品质降低。【结论】早施减施促芽肥处理周年产量可达到常规施用模式的水平，可提高头季稻米外观和加工品质。因此，提前和减量施用促芽肥可实现再生稻头季稻米品质和周年产量协同。
肖无为, 张雨晴, 朱辰光, 田贵生, 蔡岳宏, 王飞, 熊栋梁, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 崔克辉 . 促芽肥施用时期和施用量对再生稻产量和头季稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026 , 40(1) : 118 -130 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.241009
【Objective】This study investigated the effects of different application time and rates of bud-promoting fertilizer on the quality of main crop rice and annual yield of ratoon rice to lay a basis for optimizing nitrogen management in ratoon rice cultivation for the coordination of high yield and high quality.【Method】A field experiment was performed using two rice varieties (Liangyou 6326 and Yongyou 4949), with two application time of bud-promoting fertilizer (early application at heading stage and normal application 15 days after heading) and two rates of fertilizer application (normal nitrogen rate of 75 kg/hm² and reduced nitrogen rate of 30 kg/hm²), to examine the growth of ratoon buds, dry matter accumulation, grain filling characteristics of the main crop, yield and rice quality.【Result】When applied at the normal time, the reduced rate led to a decrease in both ratoon and annual yields for both varieties, primarily due to reduced panicle number per unit area in the ratoon crop. Under early application with reduced rate, the effective panicle number and both ratoon and annual yields showed no significant differences compared to the normal application practice of bud-promoting fertilizer. Compared to the normal application practice, early application with reduced application rate of bud-promoting fertilizer lowered the grain filling rate in the main crop of both varieties, extended the active grain filling period of superior spikelets, increased the head rice percentage, decreased the percentage of chalky grains and chalkiness, and improved the appearance and processing quality of main crop rice. However, early application with the normal (high) rate of bud-promoting fertilizer resulted in a decrease in amylose content in Liangyou 6326, an increase in grain protein content, and a decline in cooking quality.【Conclusion】Early application with reduced rate of bud-promoting fertilizer enhanced the main-crop rice quality and obtained a similar annual yield as that under the normal application of bud-promoting fertilizer in two varieties. Therefore, optimizing application time and rate of bud-promoting fertilizer according to variety may synergistically improve main-crop rice quality and achieve high annual yield in ratoon rice production.
Key words： ratoon rice; bud-promoting fertilizer; rice quality; grain yield
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