水稻开花习性及其在粳型三系不育系选育中的应用
收稿日期: 2024-11-29
修回日期: 2025-12-25
网络出版日期: 2025-11-19
基金资助
浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划资源项目(2023C04024);海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2023XDNY086);三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院“南繁专项”(YDLH2302)
Flowering Habits of Rice and Its Application in Breeding japonica Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines
Received date: 2024-11-29
Revised date: 2025-12-25
Online published: 2025-11-19
杂种优势的利用大幅提高了水稻的产量。籼粳亚种间亲缘关系较远，其杂种优势通常强于亚种内杂交，因而具备更大的产量潜力，是进一步提高水稻单产的重要途径。目前，籼粳杂交稻以粳型不育系与籼型恢复系组合为主。粳不籼恢三系杂交稻因长势清秀、株型理想、不早衰以及具备超高产优势，在生产上受到了广泛关注。然而，粳型三系不育系因柱头外露率低、开花时间偏晚等开花习性上的局限，在制种过程中存在父母本花时不遇、异交结实率低等瓶颈问题，导致制种产量不高、不稳，限制了籼粳杂交稻的进一步推广应用。本文从水稻开花习性的影响因素和遗传机制等方面综述了其在粳型三系不育系选育中的应用，可为促进籼粳亚种间杂交稻的培育、生产应用和杂交水稻的可持续发展提供参考。
陈玲, 林文英, 梁丽梅, 欧阳由男, 叶胜海, 季芝娟 . 水稻开花习性及其在粳型三系不育系选育中的应用[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025 , 39(6) : 731 -743 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.241120
The utilization of heterosis has significantly increased the yield of rice. Hybridization between indica and japonica subspecies exhibits stronger heterosis due to their distant genetic relationships. Consequently, indica-japonica hybrid rice has greater yield potential. Inter-subspecies hybridization between indica and japonica is an important way to enhance rice yields. Currently, indica-japonica hybrid rice mainly refers to the combinations derived from crossing a japonica cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line with an indica restorer line. These combinations have received widespread attention in production because of their vigorous growth, ideal plant architecture, resistance to premature senescence, and super high yield advantages. However, the japonica CMS line is characterized by its flowering habits, such as low stigma exsertion rate and late flowering time. These habits lead to asynchronous flowering time between the indica and japonica parental lines and low outcrossing rates in the seed production process. Thus, the yield of seed production is low and unstable, which limits further application of indica-japonica hybrid rice. In this work, we review the influencing factors and genetic mechanisms of rice flowering habits. We also summarize and analyze the application research on these mechanisms in japonica CMS lines. This review provides a reference for promoting the breeding, production, and application of indica-japonica hybrid rice and the sustainable development of hybrid rice.
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