【目的】明确增氧灌溉下配施硝化抑制剂对水稻生长、产量形成和氮肥利用的影响。【方法】以中浙优8号为材料，试验设常规淹水灌溉(Conventional Flood Irrigation, CF)和微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉 (Micro-nano Bubble Water Oxygenation Irrigation, MB) 2种灌溉模式，单施尿素(U)和尿素配施硝化抑制剂(Nitrification inhibitor, NI) 2种氮肥处理。试验共设计4个处理：增氧灌溉下单施尿素(MB+U)，增氧灌溉下尿素配施硝化抑制剂(MB+U+NI)，淹水灌溉下单施尿素(CF+U)，淹水灌溉下尿素配施硝化抑制剂(CF+U+NI)。分析了不同处理下水稻产量及其构成因子，水稻的茎蘖动态、叶面积指数和叶片叶绿素含量，不同生育期水稻茎、叶、穗各个部分氮累积量和水稻的氮素利用。【结果】增氧灌溉下施用硝化抑制剂能显著提高水稻产量，与淹水灌溉处理相比，增氧灌溉处理增幅为7.3%~10.0%；与单施尿素相比，配施硝化抑制剂各处理产量显著增加，增幅为2.9%~5.6%。各处理中增氧灌溉配施硝化抑制剂处理产量最高达到6756.4 kg/hm²。从产量构成因子来看，增氧灌溉和添加硝化抑制剂主要影响了有效穗数和结实率，对每穗粒数和千粒重影响较小。处理MB+U+NI与处理CF+U相比，有效穗数提高了9.4%，结实率提高了11.0%。增氧灌溉下配施硝化抑制剂显著提高水稻的氮积累量。齐穗期处理MB+U+NI较处理CF+U的茎秆氮积累量和叶片氮积累量分别增加4.5%和6.1%。成熟期在相同氮肥处理下，增氧灌溉较淹水灌溉能提高穗氮积累量8.6%，总氮积累量9.3%；而在相同灌溉条件下，配施硝化抑制剂较单施尿素能提高穗氮积累量3.4%，总氮积累量2.9%。处理MB+U+NI较其他处理显著提高水稻的氮收获指数、氮素籽粒生产效率、氮肥偏生产力及氮素利用率。【结论】增氧灌溉下配施硝化抑制剂能促进水稻分蘖而提高有效穗数，有助于水稻干物质积累，促进后期灌浆，进而显著提高水稻结实率和产量，而且增加了水稻氮积累量从而提高水稻氮肥利用率。

【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrification inhibitor application under aerated irrigation on rice growth, yield formation, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization. 【Method】The experiment was carried out with the rice variety Zhongzheyou 8 as material under two irrigation treatments, including: conventional flood irrigation (CF) and micro-nano bubble water oxygenation irrigation (MB). Additionally, two nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied: urea alone (U) and urea combined with a nitrification inhibitor (NI). The study compared and analyzed the yield and its components, tillering dynamics, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, nitrogen accumulation in various parts of rice plants (stems, leaves, grains), and nitrogen utilization at different growth stages.【Result】The results indicated that the application of nitrification inhibitors under aerated irrigation significantly increased rice yield, with the aerated irrigation treatment yielding an increase of 7.3% to 10.0%. Compared to urea alone, the yield with the nitrification inhibitor treatment increased significantly by 2.9% to 5.6%. The highest yield recorded for the aerated irrigation and nitrification inhibitor treatment was 6756.4 kg·ha⁻¹. In terms of yield components, both aerated irrigation and the addition of nitrification inhibitors primarily affected the number of effective panicles and the seed setting rate, with minimal impact on the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight. Compared to the CF+U treatment, the effective panicle count and seed setting rate increased by 9.4% and 11.0%, respectively. The application of nitrification inhibitors under aerated irrigation significantly enhanced nitrogen accumulation in rice. At the full heading stage, stem nitrogen accumulation and leaf nitrogen accumulation in the MB+U+NI treatment increased by 4.5% and 6.1%, respectively, compared to the CF+U treatment. Aerated irrigation increased nitrogen accumulation and total nitrogen accumulation per panicle by 8.6% and 9.3%, respectively, compared to flooded irrigation under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment at maturity. Furthermore, the combined application of nitrification inhibitors increased nitrogen accumulation per panicle by 3.4% and total nitrogen accumulation by 2.9% compared to urea alone under the same irrigation conditions. The MB+U+NI treatment significantly improved the nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen grain production efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity, and nitrogen use efficiency compared to other treatments.【Conclusion】The application of nitrification inhibitors under aerated irrigation promotes rice tillering and increases the number of effective panicles, which aids in dry matter accumulation and enhances grain filling in the later stages. This, in turn, significantly improves the seed setting rate and yield of rice, increases nitrogen accumulation, and enhances nitrogen use efficiency.