基于基因芯片的嘉禾系列长粒优质食味粳稻综合评价与比较
收稿日期: 2023-12-27
修回日期: 2024-04-02
网络出版日期: 2024-07-11
基金资助
嘉兴市科技计划资助项目(2024AZ10003);嘉兴市科技计划资助项目(2021AZ10012);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02063-5-4);绿色高质量水稻育种创新团队项目(20210801)
Comprehensive Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Jiahe Series Long-Grain japonica Rice with High Eating Quality Based on Gene Chip Technology
Received date: 2023-12-27
Revised date: 2024-04-02
Online published: 2024-07-11
【目的】 嘉禾系列长粒粳稻粒型（细）长，外观品质突出，食味优良，丰产性与主栽品种相近，抗病性较好。本研究旨在明确嘉禾系列长粒粳稻品种的特点与存在问题，解析嘉禾系列长粒粳稻品种优质性状形成的遗传基础，为长粒粳稻品种创新利用提供依据。【方法】 以5份嘉禾系列长粒粳稻品种（系）为材料，利用GSR40K水稻高密度芯片分析品种籼粳属性、相似度，鉴定育种相关功能基因，同时比较嘉禾系列长粒粳稻品种（系）与东北长粒粳稻稻花香2号遗传基础差异。【结果】 嘉禾系列长粒粳稻品种（系）和稻花香2号基因组中，粳稻区段数占比84.20%~88.38%，均为典型粳稻类型；嘉禾系列长粒粳稻品种（系）间遗传相似度超过92%，基因组相似度为77.59%~91.73%，与稻花香2号遗传相似度为84.55%，基因组相似度为49.52%~53.68%；嘉禾系列长粒粳稻含有长粒优势功能基因gs3和GW7，嘉禾香1号还含有大粒型基因qSW5/GW5和多穗粒数基因LAX1；嘉禾系列品种的品质性状形成主要是ALKc/Wxb/OsAAP6等优势功能基因组合所致，嘉禾香1号香味是由Badh2第2外显子突变所致；嘉禾系列长粒粳稻品种（系）含有较多的抗稻瘟病基因，如抗病基因组合Pizt+Pii/HIT7/pi5-1、Pizt+Pi-ta、Pizt+Pii/HIT7/pi5-1+Pi-d2/Pid2+Pid3+Pi-ta，抗白叶枯基因只有Xa26/Xa3。【结论】 嘉禾系列长粒粳稻食味优、丰产稳产、抗病抗逆的突出优点，是品种含有较多的产量、品质、抗性、株型、生育期等优势等位基因变异综合影响的结果，但也存在品种相似度较高、白叶枯抗性基因单一的不足。本研究结果也为后续嘉禾系列长粒粳稻品种遗传改良提供了依据。
丁正权, 潘月云, 施扬, 黄海祥 . 基于基因芯片的嘉禾系列长粒优质食味粳稻综合评价与比较[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2024 , 38(4) : 397 -408 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231216
【Objective】 The Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice is renowned for its slender grain shape, exceptional appearance quality, superior eating quality, high yield, and high disease resistance. This study aimed to elucidate the distinctive characteristics and challenges of these rice varieties, analyze the genetic foundation for the development of high-quality traits in these varieties, and lay a foundation for the innovation and utilization of long-grain japonica rice varieties. 【Method】 We utilized the GSR40K high-density rice chip to ascertain the indica-japonica identity and variety similarity of five long-grain japonica rice varieties (lines) of Jiahe series, and identified breeding-related functional genes. Furthermore, the genetic basis of the Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice was compared with that of the long-grain japonica rice Daohuaxiang 2 from Northeast China. 【Result】 The japonica segments in the genome of the Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice accounted for 84.20% to 88.38%, indicating the classification of these varieties into typical japonica rice types. The genetic similarity of Jiahe series japonica rice varieties (lines) exceeded 92%, with genomic identity ranging from 77.59% to 91.73%, while the similarity with Daohuaxiang 2 was lower, averaging 84.55% genetic similarity and 49.52% to 53.68% genome identity. Jiahe series japonica rice contains functional alleles for long grain genes gs3 and GW7, as well as the large grain type gene qSW5/GW5 and the multi-spikelet number gene LAX1 in Jiahexiang 1. The development of fine quality traits is mainly attributed to the combination of ALKc/Wxb/OsAAP6 and other major functional alleles. The fragrance in Jiahexiang 1 resulted from the exon 2 mutation type of the Badh2 gene. Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice varieties (lines) harbor numerous blast resistance genes, such as the combinations Pizt+Pii/HIT7/pi5-1, Pizt+Pii/HIT7/pi5-1, Pizt+Pi-ta, and Pizt+Pii/HIT7/pi5-1+Pi-d2/Pid2+Pid3+Pi-ta. In contrast, Jiahe series japonica rice only possesses Xa26/Xa3 genes for white leaf blight resistance. 【Conclusion】 The exceptional advantages of Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice stem from the comprehensive impact of multiple favorable allelic gene variations on yield, quality, resistance, and agronomic traits. Nonetheless, there are drawbacks of high variety similarity and a solitary gene for white leaf blight resistance. The findings of this study also furnish a scientific basis for the genetic enhancement of Jiahe series long-grain japonica rice varieties.
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