开放式主动增温对双季优质籼稻籽粒淀粉积累及其关键酶活性的影响
收稿日期: 2022-04-29
修回日期: 2022-07-23
网络出版日期: 2023-03-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(32272212);江西省杰出青年科学基金资助项目(20202ACBL215004);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0300501);江西省重点研发计划资助项目(20171BBF60030)
Effect of Free-air Temperature Increasing on Activities of Enzymes Involved in Starch Synthesis and Accumulation of Double-cropping indica Rice
Received date: 2022-04-29
Revised date: 2022-07-23
Online published: 2023-03-10
【目的】明确未来气候变暖条件下双季籼稻品质形成的淀粉积累特征。【方法】早稻以湘早籼45号(常规籼稻)和柒两优2012(杂交籼稻)，晚稻以九香粘(常规籼稻)和泰优398(杂交籼稻)为试验材料，利用开放式主动增温系统，设置全生育期增温(早稻增温1.4~1.5 ℃，晚稻增温2.0~2.3 ℃)和不增温2个处理，探明全生育期增温对双季籼稻籽粒淀粉合成及其关键酶活性的影响。【结果】开放式增温条件下，稻米中总淀粉和支链淀粉含量无显著变化，直链淀粉含量和直链淀粉占总淀粉比例降低，其中，柒两优2012和九香粘的直链淀粉含量分别显著降低了4.2%和3.4%。与不增温处理相比，增温提高了灌浆前期(抽穗后7~14 d)籽粒中总淀粉和直链淀粉积累量，但对晚稻籽粒直链淀粉积累量的影响持续时间要大于早稻，主要与淀粉合成关键酶活性不同程度升高有关。增温条件下，早稻灌浆结实期籽粒中二磷酸腺苷葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADGPase)活性呈先升高后降低趋势，而晚稻呈逐渐升高趋势；增温降低了早稻抽穗后14 d和晚稻抽穗后7 d籽粒中结合态淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性，但显著增加晚稻抽穗后期(抽穗后21、28 d)籽粒中GBSS活性；同时显著提高了柒两优2012和九香粘抽穗后7和14 d 籽粒中可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)活性，晚稻籽粒中淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性有升高趋势。总体上，增温对晚稻籽粒中ADGPase、GBSS活性的影响显著大于早稻。【结论】开放式主动增温显著提升双季籼稻灌浆前期(抽穗后7~14 d)籽粒中ADGPase、GBSS和SSS的活性，进而提高双季籼稻灌浆前期籽粒总淀粉及其组分的合成和积累。增温对淀粉合成关键酶的影响因季别和品种而异。
陈丽明, 杨陶陶, 熊若愚, 谭雪明, 黄山, 曾勇军, 潘晓华, 石庆华, 张俊, 曾研华 . 开放式主动增温对双季优质籼稻籽粒淀粉积累及其关键酶活性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023 , 37(2) : 166 -177 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220414
【Objective】 To elucidate the response and mechanism of starch accumulation and its component contents of double-cropping indica rice cultivars to the future warming conditions. 【Method】 With Xiangzaoxian 45 (Inbred indica rice) and Qiliangyou 2012 (Hybrid indica rice) as early rice, and Jiuxiangnian (Inbred indica rice) and Taiyou 398 (Hybrid indica rice) as late rice, a free-air temperature increasing facility (FATI) (1.4－1.5 ℃ increase in early rice, 2.0－2.3 ℃ increase in late rice) was used to study the effects of warming throughout the growth period on activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis and accumulation of double-cropping indica rice. 【Result】 There was no significant change in the starch contents and amylopectin contents in rice, but the amylose content and the proportion of amylose content were reduced under warming conditions. Among them, the amylose content of Qiliangyou 2012 and Jiuxiangnian decressed by 4.2% and 3.4%, respectively. Compared with the ambient treatment, warming increased the total starch and amylose accumulation in grains at the early growth stage of grain filling (7-14 d after heading), but the effect on the amylose accumulation in late rice was longer than that in early rice. This was mainly related to the varying degrees of increased activity of key enzymes in starch synthesis. Under warming conditions, the activity of adenosine glucose diphosphate pyrophosphorylase (ADGPase) in grains at grain filling stage of early rice increased first and then decreased, while that of late rice increased gradually. Warming decreased the activity of bound starch synthase (GBSS) in grains of early rice 14 d after heading and 7 d after heading of late rice, but significantly increased GBSS activity in grains of late rice during late heading stage(21, 28 d after heading). The soluble starch synthase (SSS) activity in Qiliangyou 2012 and Jiuxiangnian 7 and 14 days after heading was significantly increased by warming. The activity of starch branching enzyme (SBE) in late rice grains followed an increasing trend under the warming treatment. In general, the effects of warming on ADGPase and GBSS activities in late rice grains were significantly greater than those in early rice. 【Conclusion】 FATI significantly increased the activities of ADGPase, GBSS and SSS enzymes in the grains of double-cropping indica rice at the early stage of grain filling (7-14 d after heading), thereby improving the synthesis and accumulation of total starch and its components in grains of double-cropping indica rice at the early stage of grain filling. The effect of warming on the key enzymes of starch synthesis varied with seasons and varieties.
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