施氮量对优质稻“福香占”光合特性、产量及品质的影响
收稿日期: 2022-06-14
修回日期: 2022-10-15
网络出版日期: 2023-01-11
基金资助
国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-20);福建省人民政府-中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越"5511"协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021001);福建省科技重大专项(2020NZ08016);福建省属公益类科研院所科研专项(2021R1023007)
Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Photosynthesis, Yield and Grain Quality of Superior Quality Rice “Fuxiangzhan”
Received date: 2022-06-14
Revised date: 2022-10-15
Online published: 2023-01-11
王颖姮, 陈丽娟, 崔丽丽, 詹生威, 宋煜, 陈世安, 解振兴, 姜照伟, 吴方喜, 卓传营, 蔡秋华, 谢华安, 张建福 . 施氮量对优质稻“福香占”光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023 , 37(1) : 89 -101 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220606
【Objcetive】 Tobacco-rice rotation can effectively improve soil ecology, promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income. Nitrogen fertilizer is a key factor affecting the growth and development of rice. In order to determine the optimal nitrogen application rate and to give full play to the high quality and high yield potential of the superior quality rice “Fuxiangzhan” in the tobacco-rice rotation areas of Fujian Province, 【Method】 Five nitrogen rates, (CK: 0, N1: 51.75, N2: 103.5, N3: 155.25, and N4: 207 kg/ hm2 by nitrogen) were set to analyze effects on photosynthetic characteristics, grain yield and its components, grain quality and aroma of brown rice under the field environment. 【Result】 The results showed with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the growth duration of “Fuxiangzhan” was gradually prolonged, chlorophyll SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, chloroplast size, sucrose and starch contents in flag leaves were increased, and all the parameters mentioned above reached the highest value in N3 or N4 treatment. The grain number per panicle and grain yield maximized in N2 treatment, but the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. For the processing quality of grain, it performed best in N2 treatment. The appearance quality and eating quality were not significantly affected by nitrogen rates. The total protein contents increased with the increase of nitrogen rates. For RVA profile, the peak viscosity, hot viscosity, final paste viscosity and breakdown value decreased, while the setback viscosity value increased. The content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) in brown rice under N2 treatment was the highest. 【Conclusion】 The results showed nitrogen treatment promoted the photosynthesis of “Fuxiangzan”, but excessive nitrogen made plants late-ripening, reduced seed setting rate and yielding. At the nitrogen application rate of N2 (103.5 kg / hm2), we struck a balance between high yield and good quality with the most aroma substances accumulated. This study laid a foundation for the further popularization and application of “Fuxiangzhan” in production and the development of high-quality rice industry in the tobacco-rice rotation areas of Fujian Province.
Key words： photosynthesis characteristics; yield; grain quality; nitrogen rate
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