不同水稻品种在高温逼熟下的表现及其与气象因子的关系
收稿日期: 2021-05-09
修回日期: 2021-07-11
网络出版日期: 2021-11-10
基金资助
湖北省重点研发计划资助项目(2020BBB060);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0301004)
Performance of Different Rice Varieties Under High Temperature and Its Relationship with Field Meteorological Factors
Received date: 2021-05-09
Revised date: 2021-07-11
Online published: 2021-11-10
【目的】随着全球气候变暖的加剧,灌浆期高温逼熟对水稻产量和品质的威胁日趋严重,明确水稻不同耐热性品种对灌浆期高温逼熟的反应及其与气象因子间的关系,对提高优质稻栽培和育种水平意义重大。【方法】对48个不同类型的水稻品种分4期进行大田播种,使各品种在灌浆期经历不同气象条件,探讨其主要产量、品质性状表现及其与气象因子的关系。【结果】多数品种粒重和品质指标在播期间差异显著;根据各指标变异系数和指标间相关性,确定千粒重、整精米率和垩白度等作为水稻品种灌浆期响应气象条件的主要农艺学指标;而气象因子中,日平均温度、相对湿度和日照时数为主要影响指标。采用隶属函数值对品种进行分类,感性品种千粒重、整精米率和垩白度的平均差异分别比耐性品种大1.98 g、30.02%和19.81%。进一步分析隶属函数值随日平均气温、相对湿度和日照时数的分布发现,齐穗后1–15 d日平均气温≥28℃、相对湿度≤84%、日照时数6~10 h时品种间耐性差异最大。【结论】垩白度、整精米率和千粒重可作为品种对高温逼熟响应的代表性农艺学指标;田间形成高温逼熟危害的气象条件是以温湿度为主导的综合气象条件,齐穗后1–15 d日平均气温≥28℃、平均相对湿度≤84%和日照时数≥6.5 h时,品种间耐性差异最大,是田间高温逼熟耐性筛选和鉴定的适宜气象条件。
闫浩亮, 王松, 王雪艳, 党程成, 周梦, 郝蓉蓉, 田小海 . 不同水稻品种在高温逼熟下的表现及其与气象因子的关系[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021 , 35(6) : 617 -628 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.210509
【Objective】 Heat stress exposure during grain filling stage induced by global warming is projected to have consequences for rice yield and quality. Examining the response of genotypes with contrasting heat tolerance to heat stress during grain filling and the relationship with meteorological factors have important implications for cultivation and breeding. 【Method】 To investigate how grain yield and rice quality is affected by heat stress during grain filling, 48 genotypes with contrasting heat tolerance were sown on four sowing dates for exposure to diversified weather conditions. 【Result】 Significant differences were observed in grain weight and quality of most genotypes across sowing dates. Based on the coefficient of variation and high correlation, 1000-grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness were selected to represent the variation of genotypes. Daily average temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours contributed most to the variance of these traits across sowing dates. The average 1000-grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness of susceptible genotypes were 1.98 g, 30.02%, and 19.81% higher than those of tolerant genotypes, respectively. Analysis of the distribution of the membership function value with the average temperature, humidity, and sunshine hours showed the largest differences across genotypes occurs when the average temperature ≥28℃, average humidity ≤84%, and the sunshine hours between 6 h and 10 h. 【Conclusion】 Chalkiness, head rice rate, and 1000-grain weight could be used as representative indicators to estimate the heat stress tolerance of genotypes during the grain filling stage. The meteorological conditions (the average temperature ≥28℃, average humidity ≤84%, and the sunshine hours between 6 h and 10 h) could be used for screening or identification of heat tolerance.
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