双季优质稻产量和品质形成对开放式主动增温的响应
收稿日期: 2018-04-23
修回日期: 2018-06-29
网络出版日期: 2018-11-10
基金资助
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0300501);江西省重点研发计划资助项目(20171BBF60030);江西现代农业科研协同创新专项 (JXXTCX2015001，JXXTCX2017001);江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-02-03)
Response of Yield and Quality of Double-cropping High Quality Rice Cultivars Under Free-air Temperature Increasing
Received date: 2018-04-23
Revised date: 2018-06-29
Online published: 2018-11-10
目的 水稻是我国最重要的口粮作物。明确气候变暖对双季优质稻产量和稻米品质的影响对我国粮食安全至关重要。方法 采用稻田开放式远红外主动增温系统,早稻以金早47(常规籼稻)、两优287(杂交籼稻),晚稻以象牙香珍(常规籼稻)、万象优华占(杂交籼稻)和甬优5550(杂交粳稻)为材料,设置全生育期增温和全生育期不增温2个处理,分别测定双季优质稻的产量、产量构成和稻米品质。结果 与不增温相比,全生育期増温(1.3℃ ~1.6℃)对早晚籼稻产量影响不显著,但晚粳稻产量显著下降,降幅为10.2%,主要是因为其每穗粒数下降。全生育期增温降低了早晚稻株高;早稻生育期缩短了3~4 d,而晚稻生育期无明显变化。全生育期增温下,双季优质稻米垩白粒率和垩白度显著增加,早稻两优287出糙率和整精米率及晚粳甬优5550整精米率显著提高;同时,晚稻蛋白质含量提高,但晚粳直链淀粉含量降低,而早稻蛋白质和直链淀粉含量无明显变化;此外,稻米RVA谱特征值因季别和品种而异。结论 全生育期增温对优质晚粳稻产量影响大于籼稻,不利于外观品质的保优,但有利于改善优质稻米加工品质,对晚稻营养品质和食味品质的影响也大于早稻。
杨陶陶, 胡启星, 黄山, 曾研华, 谭雪明, 曾勇军, 潘晓华, 石庆华, 张俊 . 双季优质稻产量和品质形成对开放式主动增温的响应[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018 , 32(6) : 572 -580 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.8050
【Objective】Rice is an important food crop in China, thus it is very important for food security to clarify the influence of global warming on the yield and quality of double-cropping high quality rice cultivars. 【Method】A free air temperature increasing facility (FATI) was constructed in a double-cropping rice system with Jinzao 47 (indica inbred) and Liangyou 287 (indica hybrid) as early rice and Xiangyaxiangzhen (indica inbred), Wanxiangyouhuazhan (indica hybrid) and, Yongyou 5550 (japonica hybrid) as late rice. The responses of rice yield, yield components, and grain quality to warming were determined. 【Result】The effect of warming (1.3℃–1.6℃) on the yield of early and late indica rice was not significant, but the yield of late japonica cultivar decreased by 10.2% mainly due to the decrease in grain number per panicle. Under FATI, the plant height of both early and late rice decreased. The growth duration of early rice was shortened by 3–4 days under warming, while that of the late rice did not change significantly. Warming significantly increased the chalky grain percentage and chalkiness for both early and late rice. The brown rice percentage of Liangyou 287 and the head rice percentage of both Liangyou 287 and Yongyou 5550 were significantly increased by warming. The protein content of late rice was significantly increased by warming, whereas the amylose content of late japonica rice showed the opposite trend. In contrast, both the protein and amylose contents of early rice were not significantly affected by warming. The characteristic values of RVA of rice varied with cropping seasons and cultivars. 【Conclusion】Warming exerted a greater influence on the yield of high quality late japonica rice than that of indica rice. Increasing temperature could improve the milling quality, but decrease the appearance quality. Late rice was more sensitive to warming in nutrition quality and eating quality as compared with early rice.
Key words： global warming; double-cropping rice; yield; rice quality
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