播种量对机插水卷苗秧苗素质及产量形成的影响
收稿日期: 2017-08-29
修回日期: 2017-11-22
网络出版日期: 2018-05-10
基金资助
国家重点研究计划资助项目(2017YFD0301200,2016YFD0300505);江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2017369);江苏现代农业产业体系资助项目(SXGC[2017]283);石河子大学高层次人才资助项目(RCSX201724)
Effects of Sowing Densities on Quality and YieldFormation of Hydroponically Grown Long-mat Rice Seedlings Under Mechanical Transplanting
Received date: 2017-08-29
Revised date: 2017-11-22
Online published: 2018-05-10
【目的】本研究旨在探明水卷苗机插高产适宜的播种量。【方法】以长江中下游地区代表性品种武运粳24号(常规粳稻)和6两优9368(杂交籼稻)为供试材料,研究不同播种量对水卷苗秧苗素质、机插质量、大田生长特性及产量的影响。【结果】移栽前秧苗地上部和根系干物质量、发根力、根系活性、成苗率、苗基宽、重高比及光合速率均随着播种量的降低而显著增强,叶面积指数显著下降。小播量处理秧苗返青活棵快、分蘖发生力强、每穗粒数多,但播量过小导致基本苗和穗数不足,当武运粳24号播种量从180g/盘降低到120g/盘(738.9g/m2)、6两优9368播种量从110g/盘降低到70g/盘(431.0g/m2)时,产量没有显著变化;但播种量继续降低,产量均显著下降。【结论】水卷苗育秧方法适宜播种量,常规粳稻为2.03粒/cm2,杂交籼稻为1.14粒/cm2。
李玉祥, 何知舟, 丁艳锋, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 丁承强, 陈琳, 李刚华 . 播种量对机插水卷苗秧苗素质及产量形成的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2018 , 32(3) : 247 -256 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7103
【Objective】The objectiveof the research is to determine the suitable sowing density of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings(HLMS) under mechanical transplanting. 【Method】The effects of sowing densities on seedling quality, mechanical transplanting quality, field growth characteristics and yield of HLMS were analyzed. A widely grown conventional japonica rice cultivar (Wuyunjing24) and an indica hybrid rice cultivar (6Liangyou9368) were used as test materials. 【Result】Dry weight of shoot and root, root-developing ability, root activity, seedling emergence rate, seedling base stem diameter, dry weight per unit of seedling height and photosynthetic rate were significantly increased and the leaf area index was significantly decreased with decreasing sowing density for both cultivars before transplantation. There were advantages of seedling reviving in the paddy field, tillering capacity and spikelet number per panicle for thin sowing treatments, but less basic seedlings and paniclesat too lowsowing density. The grain yield was not decreased significantly when the sowing density reduced to 738.9g/m2 for Wuyunjing 24 and 431.0g/m2 for 6Liangyou9368, respectively. However, the yield was decreased significantly when sowing density reduced continuously for both cultivars. 【Conclusion】 The suitable sowing density of HLMS was 2.03 cm-2for Wuyunjing24 and 1.14 cm-2 for6Liangyou9368, respectively.
Key words： rice (Oriza sativa); yield; mechanical transplanting; seedling; sowing density
| [1] | Tasaka K, Ogura A,Karahashi M.Development of hydroponic raising and transplanting technology for mat type rice seedlings Ⅰ: Raising test of seedlings.J Japan SocAgric Mach, 1996, 58: 89-99. |
| [2] | Tasaka K, Ogura A,Karahashi M,.Development of hydroponic raising and transplanting technology for mat type rice seedlings:Ⅱ. Development and field test of rice transplanters for long mat type hydroponic rice seedlings.J Japan SociAgric Mach, 1997, 59: 87-98. |
| [3] | Tasaka K.Raising and transplanting technology for long mat with hydroponically grown rice seedlings.JpnAgricRrsQuar, 1999, 33: 31-37. |
| [4] | Wang Y D, Tasaka K, Ogura A, Maruyama S.Growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings raised with long mat by hydroponics: Comparison with young seedlings raised in soil.Plant Prod Sci, 1999, 2: 115-120. |
| [5] | 李刚华, 李玉祥, 丁艳锋, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 雷武生. 水稻水培育秧营养液及其制备方法:ZL 2011104579679.2014-04-04. |
| [5] | Li G H, Li Y X, Ding Y F, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Lei W S. Nutrient solution for the hydroponic cultivation and preparation of rice seedlings method: 2011104579679.2014-04-04. (in Chinese) |
| [6] | 李刚华, 李玉祥, 丁艳锋, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 丁承强.一种水稻无土育秧方法及应用: ZL 201410211815.4.2015-09-09. |
| [6] | Li G H, Li Y X, Ding Y F, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q.One kind of soilless medium for rice seedling culture: 2014202617618.2015-09-09. (in Chinese) |
| [7] | 李刚华, 李玉祥, 丁艳锋, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 丁承强.一种水稻育秧无土板及其在水稻无土机插领域应用:ZL 201410215744.5.2016-04-13. |
| [7] | Li G H, Li Y X, Ding Y F, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q.A method of rice seedling soilless-raising and its application: 2014102118154 .2016-04-13. (in Chinese) |
| [8] | 李玉祥, 李刚华, 丁艳锋, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 雷武生.水稻水培育秧装置: ZL 2011205558872.2012-10-03. |
| [8] | Li Y X, Li G H, Ding Y F, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, and Lei W S. Nursery bed for hydroponic cultivation: 2011205558872.2012-10-03. (in Chinese) |
| [9] | 李玉祥, 邢晓鸣, 李刚华, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 丁承强, 丁艳锋.机插水卷苗秧苗素质及本田生长特性研究.全国青年作物栽培与生理学术研讨会论文集.扬州: 中国作物学会. 2014. |
| [9] | Li Y X, Xing X M, Li G H, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q,Ding Y F.Studies on seedling quality and field growth characteristics of long mat seedlings cultivated with hydroponics of mechanical transplanting rice. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Crop Cultivation and Physiology in Young People. Yangzhou: The Crop ScienceSociety of China. 2014. (in Chinese) |
| [10] | 李玉祥, 李刚华, 丁艳锋, 王绍华, 刘正辉, 唐设, 李小春, 邢晓鸣.一种机插水稻无土育秧板: ZL 201520302874.2.2015-09-09. |
| [10] | Li Y X, Li G H, Ding Y F, Wang S H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Li X C, Xing X M. One kind of seedling soilless-raising raising board for mechanical transplanting rice: ZL201520302874.2, 2015-09-09. (in Chinese) |
| [11] | Li Y X, He Z Z, Li X C, Ding Y F, Li G H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Wang S H.Quality and Field Growth Characteristics of Hydroponically Grown Long-Mat Seedlings.Agron J, 2016, 108: 1581-1591. |
| [12] | Lei W S, Ding Y F, Li G H, Tang S, Wang S H.Effects of soilless substrates on seedling quality and the growth of transplanted super japonica rice.J IntegAgric, 2017, 16(5): 1053-1063. |
| [13] | 李玉祥. 水稻机插水卷苗育秧方法及配套技术研究. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2016. |
| [13] | Li Y X.Research on new method and matching technology for long mat seedlings cultivated with hydroponics of mechanical transplanting rice. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2016. (in Chinese) |
| [14] | Sarangi S K, Maji B, Singh S, Burman D, Mandal S, Sharma D K, Ismail A M,Haefele S M.Improved nursery management further enhances the productivity of stress-tolerant rice varieties in coastal rainfed lowlands.Field Crops Res, 2015, 174: 61-70. |
| [15] | Fageria N K, Baligar V C,Clark R B.Physiology of crop production:plant canopy architecture. New York: Food Products Press, 2005: 8-12. |
| [16] | Liu Q H, Wu X, Ma J Q, Chen B, Xin C Y.Effects of delaying transplanting on agronomic traits and grain yield of rice under mechanical transplantation pattern.PLoS ONE, 2015, 10: 1-18. |
| [17] | Li J W, Yang J P, Li D S, Fei P P, Guo T T, Ge C S, Chen W Y.Chlorophyll meter’s estimate of weight-based nitrogen concentration in rice leaf is influenced by leaf thickness.Plant ProdSci, 2011, 14: 177-183. |
| [18] | Makino A, Mae T,Ohira K.Relation between nitrogen and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphatecarboxylase in riceleaves from emergence through senescence.Plant Cell Physiol, 1984, 25: 429-437. |
| [19] | Makino A, Harada M, Sato T, Shimada T, Yamamoto N.Plant growth and nitrogen allocation in rice under CO2 enrichment.Plant Physiol, 1997, 115: 199-203. |
| [20] | Huang M, Yang C, Ji Q, Jiang L G, Tan J L, Li Y Q.Tillering responses of rice to plant density and nitrogen rate in a subtropical environment of southern China.Field Crops Res, 2013, 149: 187-192. |
| [21] | Hiroyuki S, Hisashi K, Kensuke O, Kazuyasu N, Mitsmunori S, Akio O Morio M,Staoko Y. Development of rice “seed-mats”consisting of hardendened seeds with a cover of soil for the rice transplantor.Plant Prod. Sci, 2008, 1: 108-115. |
| [22] | Datta D S K. Principles and practices of rice production.New York John Wiley & Sons, 1981. |
| [23] | Miller B C, Hill J E,Roberts S R.Plant population effects on growth and yield in water-seeded rice. Agron.J, 1991, 83: 291-297. |
| [24] | Pinson S R M,Jia Y. QTLs for early tiller production and relationships with rapid seedling growth and increased panicle number in rice. Crop Sci, 2016, 56: 505-519. |
| [25] | Sun L M, Hussain S, Liu H Y, Peng S B, Huang J L, Cui K H,Nie L X.Implications of low sowing rate for hybrid rice varieties under dry direct-seeded rice system in Central China.Field Crops Res, 2015, 175: 87-95. |
| [26] | Kato Y, Collard B C Y, Septiningsih EM, Ismail A M. Physiological analyses of traits associated with tolerance of long-term partial submergence in rice.AoB Plants, 2014, 6: 1-11. |
| [27] | 凌启鸿, 张洪程, 苏祖芳, 郭文善, 陈德华, 陆卫平, 冷锁虎, 凌励, 杨建昌, 丁艳锋, 吴云康, 曹显祖, 朱庆森, 朱耕如. 作物群体质量. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2000. |
| [27] | Ling Q H, Zhang H C, Su Z F, Guo W S, Chen D H, Lu W P,Leng S H, Ling L,Yang J C, Ding Y F, Wu Y K, Cao X Z, Zhu Q S, Zhu G R. Crop Population Quality.Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2000. (in Chinese) |
| [28] | 凌启鸿,张洪程, 丁艳锋.水稻精确定量栽培理论与技术.北京:中国农业出版社, 2007. |
| [28] | Ling Q H, Zhang H C,Ding YF.Theory and Technology of Precise and Quantitative Cultivation in Rice. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2007. (in Chinese) |
| [29] | 沈建辉, 邵文娟, 张祖建, 杨建昌, 曹卫星, 朱庆森. 水稻机插中苗双膜育秧落谷密度对苗质和产量影响的研究. 作物学报, 2004, 30(9): 906-911. |
| [29] | Shen J H, Shao W J, Zhang Z J, Yang J C, Cao W X, Zhu Q S.Effects of sowing density on quality of medium-seedling nursed with two-layer plastic film and grain yield in mechanical transplanting Rice.ActaAgron Sin, 2004, 30(9): 906-911. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [30] | 李泽华, 马旭, 谢俊峰, 陈国锐, 郑志雄, 谭永炘, 黄益强. 双季稻区杂交稻机插秧低播量精密育秧试验.农业工程学报, 2014, 30(6): 17-27. |
| [30] | LiZH,MaX,XieJF,ChenGR,ZhengZX,TanYX, Hang Y Q.Experiment on precision seedling raising and mechanizedtransplantingofhybridriceunderlowsowingratein double cropping area.Trans CSAE, 2014, 30(6): 17-27.(inChinesewithEnglishabstract) |
| [31] | 胡剑锋, 杨波, 周伟,. 张培培, 张强, 李培程, 任万军, 杨文钰. 播种方式和播种密度对杂交籼稻机插秧节本增效的研究. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(1): 81-90. |
| [31] | Hu J F, Yang B, Zhou W, Zhang P P, Zhang Q, Li P C, Ren W J, Yang W Y.Effect of Seeding Method and Density on the benefit of mechanical transplantinginindicahybridrice.Chin J Rice Sci, 2017, 31(1): 81-90.(inChinesewithEnglishabstract) |
| [32] | Gravois K A,Helms R S.Path analysis of rice yield components as affected by seeding rate.Agron J, 1992, 84:1-4. |
| [33] | Jones D B,Synder G H.Seeding rate and row spacing effects on yield and yield components of ratoon rice.Agron J, 1987, 79: 627-629. |
| [34] | Bond J A, Walker T W, Bollich P K, Koger C H, Gerard P.Seeding rates for stale seedbed rice production in the mid southern United States.Agron J, 2005, 97: 1560-1563. |
| [35] | Bond J A, Walker T W, Ottis B V,Harrel D L.Rice seeding and nitrogen rate effects on yield and yield components of two rice cultivars. Agron J,2008, 100: 393-397. |
| [36] | HarrellD L,Blanche S B. Tillage, seeding, and nitrogen rate effects on rice density, yield, and yield components of two rice cultivars.Agron J, 2010, 102: 592-597. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |