缓/控释肥对双季稻产量和氮素利用率的影响
收稿日期: 2015-11-02
修回日期: 2016-03-31
网络出版日期: 2016-07-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目（31101603）； 国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2011BAD41B01）； 江西省自然科学基金资助项目； 学科带头人项目（20122BAB204003，2010GZN0096，20133BCB22013）； 农业部作物营养与施肥重点实验室开放基金资助项目。
Effects of ControlledRelease Fertilizer Application on Double Cropping Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency
Received date: 2015-11-02
Revised date: 2016-03-31
Online published: 2016-07-10
为明确缓/控释肥(slow/controlledrelease fertilizer, CRF)在水稻上的应用效果，连续2年在南方双季稻区第四纪红壤发育的水稻土上进行双季稻大田试验，比较了不施氮肥(CK)、推荐分3次施肥(OF)、一次性基施缓/控释肥(100CRF)和一次性基施80%缓/控释肥(80CRF)条件下，双季稻的产量形成、氮素吸收和利用的差异。结果表明, 2年4季产量平均表现为80CRF>100CRF>OF>CK，其中80CRF、100CRF和OF分别比CK增产25.32%、23.93%和22.54%(P<0.05)，而各施氮处理间无显著差异；2年籽粒平均吸氮量中，早稻100CRF、80CRF处理均显著高于OF处理(P<0.05)，晚稻100CRF处理显著高于OF处理(P<0.05)，但80CRF处理与OF无显著差异，秸秆吸氮量与籽粒一致。100CRF、80CRF处理下氮肥吸收利用率均显著高于OF处理(P<0.05)；氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力以80CRF最高，显著高于100CRF和OF处理(P<0.05)；2012年晚季80CRF的氮肥生理利用率、土壤氮素依存率最高，显著高于100CRF处理(P<0.05)，2013年早晚稻均以OF处理最高，显著高于100CRF处理(P<0.05)；2年定位试验中的80CRF处理与OF处理氮素生理利用率无显著差异。因此，一次性施用缓/控释肥产量水平与推荐分次施肥水平相当，但施用缓/控释肥能显著提高水稻氮素吸收量和含量。全量施缓/控释肥虽能提高早晚稻氮肥吸收利用率，但氮素生理利用率降低；在推荐施肥的基础上减量20%施用缓/控释肥的早晚稻氮肥吸收利用率、农艺利用率、偏生产力均显著提高，氮肥生理利用率与推荐施肥无差异；即在稳产的基础上，提高了氮素的利用效果，是值得推荐的施肥方式。
侯红乾1，2，3,黄永兰4,冀建华1，2，3,刘益仁1，2，3,刘秀梅1，2，3,*,胡兆平5，6 . 缓/控释肥对双季稻产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016 , 30(4) : 389 -396 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2016.5163
In order to study the effects of controlledrelease fertilizer application on double cropping rice, a successive 2year locationfixed field experiment was carried out in double cropping region in red soil paddy field derived from the Quaternary red clay in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province of southern China. The field experiment covered 4 treatments including no fertilizer (CK), recommended application split by three times (OF), controlled release fertilizer all used as basal fertilizer (100CRF) and 80% controlled release fertilizer all used as basal fertilizer (80CRF), and each treatment had three replicates. During the two years plantation, rice yield, rice nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of each treatment were measured and the conclusion could be drawn that the average yield for the two years followed the order of 80CRF>100CRF>OF>CF>CK, and the treatment 80CRF, 100CRF, and OF increased rice yield by 25.32%, 2393% and 23.86% respectively, compared with CK (P< 0.05). However there was no significant difference between different nitrogen fertilizer treatments. As for the average nitrogen uptake in two years , 100CRF and 80CRF treatment were significantly higher than OF treatment in early rice and 100CRF treatment was higher than OF treatment in late rice (P < 0.05), but 80CRF and OF were no significant difference in late rice. The nitrogen uptake manifested same trend between straw and grain. The nitrogen recovery efficiency of 100CRF, 80CRF treatment were significantly higher than the OF treatment (P< 0.05). Nitrogen agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity of applied N at the highest of 80 CRF, is significantly higher than 100CRF and OF treatments (P < 0.05). Nitrogen physiological efficiency and Soil N dependent rate at the highest of 80 CRF in late rice in 2012 and OF in doublerice in 2013 respectively, were significantly higher than 100CRF treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between 80CRF and OF treatment. Therefore, onetime use of controlled release fertilizer regardless of the quantity and reduce the dosage of 20%, it could reach the recommended fertilization production levels, and could significantly increase the nitrogen content and uptake in rice. Full amount of controlled release fertilizer utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer could only improve nitrogen uptake both early rice and late rice, but caused N luxury absorption and nitrogen physiological efficiency lower; Reduced by 20% controlled release fertilizer, the nitrogen recovery efficiency, the agronomic efficiency, and the partial factor productivity for applied N were significantly improved in early and late rice. There was no difference in nitrogen physiological efficiency between 80 CRF treatment and optimized fertilization. On the basis of stable yield, 80CRF treatment has saved the cost and improved the effect of the nitrogen utilization.
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