选用152个SSR引物扩增11个粳稻细胞质雄性不育系和9个粳稻恢复系的分子标记基因型,并按NCⅡ遗传设计配制99个F₁组合,检测20个亲本中有关糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、碱消值、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量8个米质性状的一般配合力的分子标记区段。结果发现27个分子标记区段与亲本8个米质性状一般配合力显著相关,共包含49个分子标记区段基因型。其中,31个SSR分子标记区段基因型与亲本8个米质性状优异一般配合力显著相关,涉及14条染色体臂;18个SSR分子标记区段与亲本8个米质性状不良一般配合力显著相关。49个分子标记区段基因型中,有2个分子标记区段基因型与亲本4个米质性状一般配合力共相关;2个分子标记区段基因型分别与亲本3个米质性状一般配合力共相关,8个分子标记区段基因型分别与亲本2个米质性状一般配合力共相关。第7染色体长臂上的分子标记区段基因型RM542-80/105与碱消值相关,增效37.0%;第1染色体短臂上的分子标记区段基因型RM246-95/105与直链淀粉含量有关,减效23.8%;第8染色体长臂上的分子标记区段基因型RM3754-80/90可使F₁糙米率、精米率、整精米率和碱消值分别增加1.1%、2.0%、2.4%和43.6%。这些分子标记区段基因型可直接用于改良杂交粳稻亲本米质性状一般配合力。

In order to improve rice quality combining ability of parental lines more efficiently in hybrid japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.), SSR molecular marker fragment genotypes of elite combining ability for eight quality traits were identified by analyzing the data of combining ability and SSR markers in eleven cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) lines and nine restorer lines. The eight quality traits investigated were brown rice rate (BRR), milled rice rate (MRR), head rice rate (HRR), percentage of chalky grain, chalkiness degree, alkali spreading value (ASV), gel consistency, and amylose contents. The 11 CMS lines and 9 restorer lines were genotyped using 152 pairs of SSR primers. Combining ability analysis was conducted using the data of 99 F₁s made with NCII genetic design (11 CMS lines×9 restorer lines). A total of 49 SSR molecular marker fragment genotypes involving 27 molecular marker fragments were significantly associated with general combining ability of the 8 quality traits. 31 SSR molecular marker fragment genotypes on 14 chromosome arms were associated with elite combining ability for quality traits of parents; the remaining 18 molecular marker fragment genotypes were associated with unfavorable combining ability of quality traits of parents. Among the 49 molecular marker fragment genotypes, two were co-associated with four quality traits of parents, and two were each co-associated with three quality traits of parents, and eight were each co-associated with two quality traits of parents. The molecular marker fragment genotype RM542-80/105 on the long arm of chromosome 7 increased alkali spreading value in F₁ by 37.0%, RM246-95/105 on the short arm of chromosome 1 decreased amylose contents in F₁ by 23.8%, RM3754-80/90 on the long arm of the chromosome 8 increased the traits of BRR, MRR, HRR and ASV in F₁ by 1.1%, 2.0%, 2.4% and 43.6%, respectively. The molecular marker fragment genotypes could be directly used for improving general combining ability of grain quality traits of parents in japonica rice.