In order to determine the heredity of purple pericarp, the purple pericarp cultivar Xiangxuenuo, developed in Jiangsu Province, and white pericarp cultivar 02428 were used as parents to make reciprocal crosses, and the colour of the seeds of relevant F1, F2, F3 generation were phenotyped. The results indicated that the purple pericarp of Xiangxuenuo was controlled by single dominant nuclear gene, belonging to the typical maternal influence. Purple pericarp in rice was due to a 2 bp deletion in Pb gene on chromosome 4 which encoded a basic helixloophelix protein. A CAPS marker was developed based on the 2 bp deletion, and the CAPS marker was cosegregated with the colour of pericarp in the F2 population, allowing to identify the homozygous purple pericarp genotype, homozygous white pericarp genotype and heterozygous purple pericarp genotype individuals. The PCR products of 10 rice lines were sequenced. All the purple pericarp rice lines carried GT deletion. It was interesting that the wild rice lines with red pericarp carried the normal allele; therefore we speculated that the purple pericarp was mutated from cultivated rice. Furthermore, one line with purple hull and white pericarp carried pb allele, it showed the complex genetic mechanism in rice pigmentation. In conclusion, the CAPS marker is a perfect marker for purple pericarp rice breeding and the evolution of Pb gene need further research.
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