Little is known on the yield response to water management for those rice cultivars with different protein content in grains (PCG). Effect of alternate wetting and soil drying irrigation during grain filling on grain yield and its physiological traits were investigated with Nipponbare and its two transgenic strains differing in PCG as materials. The results showed that the filled grain rate and grain yield were decreased with increasing PCG under the same water treatment. Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (WMD) during grain filling significantly increased grain yield. Qenzyme activity in rice grains, root oxidation activity, membrane lipid peroxidation enzyme activities in the flag leaves and the translocation of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in rice stem were also significantly increased under WMD. And the increasing extent of grain yield and the above physiological traits was higher in the rice lines with higher PCG than those with lower PCG. Alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation (WSD) during grain filling significantly decreased filled grain rate and yield, Qenzyme activity in rice grains, root oxidation activity, membrane lipid peroxidation enzyme activities in the flag leaves and the translocation of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in rice stem, when compared with conventional irrigation. And the decreasing extent of grain yield and the above physiological traits was higher in the rice lines with higher PCG than those with lower PCG. The changes of these physiological traits were probably the main reasons for the yield variation of rice lines with different PCG.
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