为探明锌肥用量及施用方法对水稻产量及籽粒锌含量的影响，在江苏省如东县分别选取土壤锌含量较低（DTPAZn 0.84 mg/kg）和土壤锌含量临界缺乏（DTPAZn 0.60 mg/kg）的两个位点，对常规粳稻品种镇稻11号进行2个施锌方法（土壤施锌、叶面喷锌）和3个土壤施锌量（0，15，30 kg/hm2 ZnSO4·7H2O）处理的田间试验。试验结果表明，施用锌肥显著提高水稻产量，各处理较对照增产幅度为0.3%~13.0%，且随施锌量的增加而增加；其中，锌临界缺乏土壤的增产效果高于低锌土壤。锌肥的施用方法也能显著影响水稻的产量和水稻植株各器官的锌含量和锌累积量，锌肥土施的增产效果高于叶面喷施，而叶面喷施对提高水稻植株各器官的锌含量方面显著优于土施。采用不同的锌肥施用方法水稻各器官锌含量表现为锌肥土施+叶面喷施>叶面喷施>土施>对照。另外，锌肥的施用在提高水稻植株产量和锌营养的同时，也相应地提高植株对氮的吸收与累积，表现为氮锌协同作用。综上，在土壤锌含量较低的地区，结合锌肥的土施和叶面喷施，能最大程度地提高锌肥在水稻增产和增加籽粒锌营养品质上的双重效应。
关键词：
水稻; 锌; 施用方法; 产量; 养分含量
郭九信1,廖文强2,孙玉明1,郭俊杰1,孔亚丽1,石佑华3,徐爱群3,张居翠3,郭世伟1,*
. 锌肥施用方法对水稻产量及籽粒氮锌含量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2014
, 28(2)
: 185
-192
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2014.02.010
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Zn fertilizer application rate (0, 15, 30 kg/hm2 ZnSO4·7H2O) and application methods (soil, foliar) on the yield and Zn concentration in grains of Zhendao 11 (a normal japonica rice variety) under low Zn (DTPAZn 0.84 mg/kg) and borderline Zn deficient (DTPAZn 0.60 mg/kg) soil in Rudong county, Jiangsu Province, respectively. The results showed that compared with control Zn fertilizer application could significantly improve the rice grain yield by about 0.3%-13.0%, with the yield increasing by rising Zn fertilizer rate, and the yieldimproving efficiency of Zn fertilizer application in the borderline Zn deficient soil was higher than that in low Zn soil. In addition, application methods of Zn fertilizer also significantly affected grain yield and Zn content in individual rice organ. The yieldimproving efficiency of soil application was higher than that of foliars spray, but the foliar spray of Zn fertilizer evidently increased Zn content in individual rice organ relative to the soil application of Zn fertilizer, and the effect of application method on Zn content followed a general trend as soil application + foliar spray > foliar spray> soil application> control. Besides, It also indicated that the N concentration and accumulation were increased in rice organs by Zn fertilizer application, suggesting the interaction between N and Zn fertilizer on rice plant. To sum up, these results indicated that both yield and grain Zn nutrition quality could be facilitated by applying Zn fertilizer on soil combine with foliar spray in low Zn soil.
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