以超级粳稻新稻18号为供试材料，2011年在7个纯氮水平，2012年在6个纯氮水平下，测定了结实期不同氮肥水平下水稻强、弱势籽粒灌浆速率、稻米品质及产量，分析了籽粒灌浆速率与稻米品质的关系，明确了强、弱势粒灌浆特性对稻米品质的影响。结果表明，低氮处理籽粒灌浆速率高于高氮处理；最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率强势粒快于弱势粒，平均比弱势粒快39.51%和20.34%，255.0 kg/hm2纯氮处理的最大灌浆速率为1.14 mg/(粒·d)，比弱势粒快40.83%，平均灌浆速率N0处理最快，为0.74 mg/(粒·d)，比弱势粒快28.50%。活跃灌浆期粒重，强势粒明显高于弱势粒，无氮肥处理最高。相关分析表明，灌浆前中期强弱势粒粒重与其灌浆速率呈极显著正相关，成熟期籽粒充实度则表现为弱势粒籽粒充实度与其灌浆速率呈极显著正相关，强势粒相关不显著；灌浆前期强弱势粒灌浆速率与稻米的加工品质呈负相关，其中弱势粒达显著或极显著相关；灌浆后期强势粒灌浆速率与稻米外观品质呈显著负相关；灌浆高峰期（即花后24 d）籽粒灌浆速率与加工品质呈正相关，与外观品质呈负相关，但相关不显著。说明增大灌浆前期弱势粒灌浆速率及提高灌浆高峰期和灌浆后期强弱势粒灌浆速率，可以同步改善稻米的加工和外观品质。
殷春渊,王书玉,刘贺梅,薛应征,张栩,王和乐,孙建权,胡秀明,李习军
. 氮肥施用量对超级粳稻新稻18号强、弱势籽粒灌浆和稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2013
, 27(5)
: 503
-510
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2013.05.007
In order to explicit the characteristics of superior and inferior grain filling, and its relationship with rice quality of super japonica rice Xindao 18, a field experiment with 7 and 6 N fertilizer application levels was carried out in 2011 and 2012, respectively,on the farm of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province, China. The grain filling rate, rice quality and yield were determined and the relationship between grain filling rate and rice quality was analyzed. The results showed that the grain filling rate at low N level was higher than that at high N level. The max and mean grain filling rate of superior grains was 39.51% and 20.34% higher than that of inferior grains, respectively. The max grain filling rate under 255.0 kg/hm2N level in superior grains was 1.14 mg/(grain·d), 40.83% higher than that of inferior grains. The mean grain filling rate under zero N level in superior grains was 0.74 mg/(grain·d), 2850% higher than that of inferior grains. The grain weight at active grain filling stage of superior grains was higher than that of inferior grains with that under zero N level being the highest. The correlation analysis indicated that superior and inferior grain weight and their grain filling rate was highly positively correlated at priormiddle grain filling stage. The relationship between grain plumpness of inferior grains at mature stage and its grain filling rate was extremely positively significant, while that of superior grains was not notable. At early grain filling stage, superior and inferior grain filling rate and rice processing quality were negatively correlated with significant correlation at P=0.05 or P=001 levels in inferior grains. At late grain filling stage, superior grain filling rate and rice appearance quality were significantly negatively correlated. At fastigium grain filling stage(24 d after anthesis), grain filling rate was positively correlated with rice processing quality, and negatively with rice appearance quality, but not significantly. It was illustrated that rice quality was improved when the inferior grain filling rate was increased at early grain filling stage, and the superior and inferior grain filling rate were enhanced at fastigium and late grain filling stages.
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