DDF1（Dwarf and Deformed Flower 1）是控制水稻生长发育的重要调节基因。为了进一步分析DDF1对水稻生长与发育的影响，我们构建了DDF1的抑制表达和增强表达载体并转化水稻品种中花15。结果显示，DDF1表达量下降的转基因水稻的表型类似于功能缺失突变体ddf11，表现为植株矮化、叶片细小，小穗中浆片同源转变为稃片，雄蕊不育且畸形，雌蕊可育；而DDF1增强表达的转基因植株营养生长正常，但大部分小穗发育异常，尤其是稃片和雄蕊数目明显增加。因此，通过调节该基因的表达量可以显著影响水稻的株型和育性。
刁志娟1,3 ,李生平1 ,段远霖1,2，* ,郑磊磊1 ,周元昌1,2 ,吴为人1,2，*
. DDF1的表达水平影响水稻的营养生长与生殖发育[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2013
, 27(4)
: 353
-358
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7216.2013.04.003
DDF1 (Dwarf and Deformed Flower 1) is a very important gene regulating the growth and development in rice. In order to further analyze the influence of DDF1 on plant growth and development, we constructed the plasmids of inhibition and enhancement of DDF1expression, and introduced them into rice variety Zhonghua 15. The transgenic plants with reduced DDF1expression showed phenotypes similar to those of the lossoffunction mutant ddf11,including dwarf, narrower and smaller leaves, homeotic transformation of lodicules into glumes, and sterile and deformed stamens and normal carpels in spikelets. Whereas, the transgenic plants with enhanced DDF1expression showed normal vegetative growth but abnormal development in most spikelets, in particular the significantly increased numbers of glumes and stamens. Therefore, by regulating the expression level of DDF1 gene, the plant stature and fertility of rice can be obviously affected.
\[1\]Xue W, Xing Y, Weng X, et al. Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice. Nat Genet, 2008, 40(6): 761767.
\[2\]Huang X, Qian Q, Liu Z, et al. Natural variation at the DEP1 locus enhances grain yield in rice. Nat Genet, 2009, 41(4): 494497.
\[3\]Jiao Y, Wang Y, Xue D, et al. Regulation of OsSPL14 by OsmiR156 defines ideal plant architecture in rice. Nat Genet, 2010, 42(6): 541544.
\[4\]Miura K, Ikeda M, Matsubara A, et al. OsSPL14 promotes panicle branching and higher grain productivity in rice. Nat Genet, 2010, 42(6):545549.
\[5\]Nakagawa M, Shimamoto K, Kyozuka J. Overexpression of RCN1 and RCN2，rice TERMINAL FLOWER 1/CENTRORADIALIS homologs, confers delay of phase transition and altered panicle morphology in rice. Plant J, 2002, 29(6): 743750.
\[6\]Heang D, Sassa H. Antagonistic actions of HLH/bHLH proteins are involved in grain length and weight in rice. PLoS ONE, 2012, 7(2): e31325.
\[7\]李生平， 段远霖， 陈志伟， 等. 水稻生长发育多效基因DDF1 的遗传分析与基因定位. 遗传， 2011, 33(12): 13741379.
\[8\]Duan Y, Li S, Chen Z, et al. Dwarf and deformed flower 1, encoding an Fbox protein, is critical for Dwarf and deformed flower vegetative and floral development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant J, 2012, 72(5): 829842.
\[9\]刁志娟, 段远霖, 赵粉, 等. 水稻单C2H2 型锌指基因ZOS201的表达与功能分. 基因组学与应用生物学， 2011, 30(2): 17.
\[10\]Spielmeyer W, Ellis M H, Chandler P M. Semidwarf (sd1), “green revolution” rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20oxidase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2002, 99(13): 90439048.
