东北水稻生长发育和产量对夜间升温的响应

陈金1,田云录1,董文军1,侯立刚2,马巍2,徐志宇3,张卫建1,4，*

doi:10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.012

中国水稻科学 >

2013 , Vol. 27 >Issue 1: 84 - 90

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.012

研究报告

东北水稻生长发育和产量对夜间升温的响应

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¹南京农业大学应用生态研究所，江苏南京 210095； ²吉林省农业科学院水稻研究所，吉林公主岭 136100；³中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院，北京 100193；⁴中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081；

收稿日期: 2012-03-29

修回日期: 2012-06-04

网络出版日期: 2013-01-10

基金资助

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项；国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD16B14)；国家973计划资助项目（2010CB951501）；新世纪优秀人才资助计划资助项目(NCET050492)。

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Responses of Rice Growth and Grain Yield to Nighttime Warming in Northeast China

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¹ Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095， China; ² Rice Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province, Gongzhuling 136100, China; ³College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; ⁴ Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture， Beijing 100081, China;

Received date: 2012-03-29

Revised date: 2012-06-04

Online published: 2013-01-10

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摘要

采用两套开放式增温系统，在吉林公主岭开展了4年的水稻全生育期夜间增温试验。结果表明，全生育期冠层夜间温度平均升高0.7℃~1.0℃，水稻始花期提前2~3 d，但灌浆时间延长1~2 d。夜间增温对水稻净光合速率无显著影响，但显著提高剑叶面积、花后总绿叶面积和叶面积指数，其中吉粳81和吉粳83叶面积指数提高了40.0%和45.5%。夜间增温下，水稻地上部生物量和籽粒产量呈现递增趋势，增幅皆为10%左右；有效穗数和每穗粒数分别提高7.0%和5.7%。夜间温度升高主要通过缓解低温对水稻生长的影响，其对东北寒地水稻的直接效应将以增产为主。

关键词： 气候变暖; 粮食安全; 东北; 水稻; 夜间增温

本文引用格式

陈金1,田云录1,董文军1,侯立刚2,马巍2,徐志宇3,张卫建1,4，* . 东北水稻生长发育和产量对夜间升温的响应[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2013 , 27(1) : 84 -90 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2013.01.012

Abstract

To learn the actual responses of rice growth to warming, especially nighttime warming in Northeast China will benefit the strategy decision making for food security in China. By using two field warming methods, a fouryear experiment was conducted to investigate actual rice responses to nighttime warming for an entire growth cycle in Gongzhuling County, Jilin Province, China. The results showed that nighttime warming of 0.7-1.0℃ on rice canopy could advance rice initial flowering date by two to three days, but the grain filling stage was prolonged slightly by one to two days. There was no significant impacts of warming on rice net photosynthetic rate, but nighttime warming significantly increased the flag leaf area, the total green leaf area and the leaf area index (LAI) during postflowering phase. Compared to the unwarmed control, the LAI of Jijing 81 and Jijing 83 significantly increased by 40.0% and 455%, respectively. Nighttime warming tended to enhance rice aboveground biomass and grain yield by 10%, and significantly increased the numbers of productive panicle and spikelet per panicle by 7.0% and 5.7%, respectively. It indicate that nighttime warming may benefit rice production through mitigating the low temperature limitation to rice growth in Northeast China.

Key words： global warming; food security; Northeast China; rice; nighttime warming

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