不同氮素吸收类型粳稻品种吸氮能力的差异及原因分析

于小凤1,王坚纲1,2,李进前1,3,王熠1,袁秋梅1,仲军1,陈琛1,田昊1,张燕1,黄建晔1,王余龙1,董桂春1,*

doi:10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2012.03.012

中国水稻科学 >

2012 , Vol. 26 >Issue 3: 331 - 340

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2012.03.012

研究报告

不同氮素吸收类型粳稻品种吸氮能力的差异及原因分析

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¹扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室，江苏扬州 225009； ² 江阴市农林局，江苏江阴 214431； ³ 上海万事发实业总公司，上海 202179;

收稿日期: 2011-09-08

修回日期: 2011-11-25

网络出版日期: 2012-05-10

基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(30971728, 30771275)；江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究项目（09KJA210001）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

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Difference in Nitrogen Absorption Ability and Its Reason in Conventional Japonica Rice Cultivars with Different Nitrogen Uptake Efficiencies

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¹ Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River， Ministry of Agriculture，Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009，China; ² Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry of Jiangyin City， Jiangyin 214431， China； ³ Wanshifa Industrial Company of Shanghai, Shanghai 202179, China；

Received date: 2011-09-08

Revised date: 2011-11-25

Online published: 2012-05-10

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摘要

2008-2009年，在群体水培条件下，以国内外不同年代育成的94个常规粳稻品种为供试材料，测定植株各器官干物质量和含氮率、产量及其构成因素等，采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按吸氮量的大小从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F 等6类，以探明影响氮素高效吸收型粳稻品种吸氮能力的主要原因。结果吸收型品种抽穗前后吸氮量显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种，抽穗前吸氮量对总吸氮量影响显著大于抽穗后吸氮量；3）氮素高效吸收型品种单穗吸氮量显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种，但单位面积穗数无优势，单穗吸氮量对总吸氮量的影响显著大于单位面积穗数；4）氮素高效吸收型品种播抽历期、全生育期较长，群体与个体吸氮强度大，吸氮强度对吸氮量的影响显著大于生育期；5）氮素高效吸收型品种干物质生产量显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种，但植株含氮率无优势，干物质生产量对总吸氮量的影响显著大于植株含氮率，干物质生产量大是氮素高效吸收型品种吸氮能力强的一个重要因素；6）氮素高效吸收型品种各器官（根、茎鞘叶、穗）吸氮量均显著大于氮素低效吸收型品种，抽穗前茎鞘叶吸氮量大，抽穗后氮从茎鞘叶向穗部转移多，成熟期穗部吸氮量大，有利于提高氮高效吸收型品种氮素累积量。表明：1）供试品种间吸氮量的差异很大，总吸氮量最大品种为最小品种的2.44倍，氮素高效吸收型品种平均产量极显著高于氮素低效吸收型品种；2）氮素高效

关键词： 粳型水稻; 品种; 吸氮量; 吸氮能力

本文引用格式

于小凤1,王坚纲1,2,李进前1,3,王熠1,袁秋梅1,仲军1,陈琛1,田昊1,张燕1,黄建晔1,王余龙1,董桂春1,* . 不同氮素吸收类型粳稻品种吸氮能力的差异及原因分析[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2012 , 26(3) : 331 -340 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2012.03.012

Abstract

To investigate the main factors influencing nitrogen absorption ability and analyze its reason in conventional japonica rice cultivars with different nitrogen uptake efficiency, dry matter weight, nitrogen content, grain yield and its components were measured with 94 cultivars as materials in a hydroponic experiment in 2008 and 2009. Based on the amount of nitrogen absorption (ANA), these rice varieties were clustered into 6 types(in low to high order A, B, C, D, E and F) by the MinSSw (dynamic clustering methodminimum sum of squares within groups) method.Results were as follows: 1）Great differences in ANA were detected among all the tested cultivars with the maximum being 2.44 times as high as the minimum.The average grain yield of rice cultivars with high N uptake efficiency were significantly higher than those with low N uptake efficiency; 2）The rice cultivars with high N uptake efficiency had significantly higher ANA than those with low N uptake efficiency during pre and postheading stages. The ANA before heading had significantly higher effect on the total ANA than the ANA at grain filling stage; 3）The ANA of single panicle of rice cultivars with high N uptake efficiency was significantly higher than those of rice cultivars with low N uptake efficiency. However, there was no significant difference in panicle number per square meter among different rice cultivars. The ANA of single panicle exerted significantly greater effect on total ANA than the panicle number; 4）The rice cultivars with high N uptake efficiency had longer days from sowing to heading, growth duration, stronger N uptake intensity per panicle and per hill than those with low N uptake efficiency. The influence of N uptake intensity on ANA was significantly greater than that of growth duration; 5）Dry matter accumulation of rice cultivars with high N uptake efficiency was significantly higher than that of rice cultivars with low N uptake efficiency.However, compared with rice cultivars with low N uptake efficiency, the N content of rice cultivars with high N uptake efficiency had no advantage. Dry matter accumulation is one of the main factors influencing N absorptive capacity; 6）The ANA in root, stem and leaf sheath, panicle of rice cultivars with high N uptake efficiency were significantly higher than those of rice cultivars with low N uptake efficiency. The larger nitrogen transfer amount from stem, leaf and sheath to panicle after heading increased with rising ANA of stem, leaf and sheath before heading, which led to higher ANA of panicle at maturity stage and finally improved the ANA in the rice cultivars with high N uptake efficiency.

Key words： japonica rice; cultivar; amount of nitrogen absorption; nitrogen absorption ability

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