糙米率、精米率和整精米率是决定稻米碾磨品质的重要性状，在育种中对其进行有效预测具有十分重要的意义。用9个不育系与9个恢复系及其所配制的81个双列水稻杂交组合为材料，利用有多态性的174对SSR标记筛选与F1糙米率、精米率和整精米率相关的阳性位点和增效位点，分别用二组法和三组法对F1碾磨品质性状值进行预测。结果表明：1）采用二组法，利用增效位点对糙米率、精米率和整精米的预测相关系数分别为0.553（P<0.01）、0613（P<0.01）和0.772（P<001），预测效果明显优于阳性位点；2）利用增效位点，固定不育系进行预测，3个碾磨品质性状的相关系数与显著性水平明显高于固定恢复系的结果，表明不育系对碾磨品质的影响大于恢复系；3）固定不育系时三组法预测杂交稻米糙米率、精米率和整精米率杂种优势的相关系数依次为0.466（P<0.05）、0.564（P<001）与0.688（P<0.01），比二组法分别降低了177%、8.0%和10.9%，固定恢复系时两种方法预测效果基本一致；4）对于水稻碾磨品质的分子预测，固定不育系的预测效果最佳，二组法的预测效果显著优于三组法。在3个碾磨品质指标中，整精米率预测效果最好，其次为精米率，糙米率较差。
Brown rice rate (BRR), milled rice rate (MRR) and head rice rate (HRR) are important traits determining rice milling quality, so the effective prediction of these traits is of great importance to hybrid rice breeding. Positive loci (PL) and effectincreasing loci (IL) for BRR, MRR and HRR detected with 174 SSR markers were used to predict the performance of these three milling quality traits of 81 hybrid combinations derived from diallel crossing between 9 male sterile lines and 9 restorer lines via twogroup and threegroup methods, respectively. The results indicated that: 1) the correlation coefficients predicted via the twogroup method with IL of BRR, MRR and HRR were 0.553 (P<001), 0.613 (P<001) and 0.772 (P<0.01), respectively, significantly higher than those with PL; 2) with fixed male sterile lines, the correlation coefficients and significant level of three milling quality traits predicted with IL were much higher than those with fixed restorer lines, suggesting that male sterile lines exerted a higher influence on BRR, MRR and HRR than restorer lines; 3) with fixed male sterile lines, the predicting correlation coefficients of BRR, MRR, and HRR via threegroup method were 0.466 (P<0.05), 0.564 (P<0.01) and 0.688 (P<0.01) correspondingly, decreased by 17.7%, 8.0% and 10.9% than those via twogroup method, while the coefficients agreed well with each other with fixed restorer lines; 4) to the molecular prediction of milling quality in hybrid rice, the efficiency with fixed male sterile lines is statistically higher than that with fixed restorer lines, results by twogroup method is better than that by threegroup method. And among these three milling quality traits, HRR is more easier to predict, followed by MRR and BRR.
\[1\]Godshalk E B, Lee M, Lamkey K R. Relationship of restriction fragment length polymorphisms to singlecross hybrid performance of maize. Theor Appl Genet, 1990, 80: 273280.
\[2\]Dudley J W,Saghai Maroof M A, Rufener G K. Molecular markers and grouping of parents in maize breeding programs. Crop Sci, 1991, 31(3): 718723.
\[3\]Boppenmaier J, Melchinger A E, Seitz G. Genetic diversity for RFLPs in European maize inbreds: Ⅲ. performance of crosses within versus between heterotic groups for grain traits. Plant Breeding, 1993, 111(3): 217226.
\[4\]曹永国,向道权,黄烈健, 等. SSR分子标记与玉米杂种优势关系的研究. 农业生物技术学报, 2002, 10(2): 120123.
\[5\]Smith O S, Smith J S C, Bowen S L, et al. Similarities among a group of elite maize inbreds as measured by pedigree, F1 grain yield, heterosis, and RFLPs. Theor Appl Genet, 1990, 80(6): 833840.
\[6\]Saghai Maroof M A, Yang G P, Zhang Q, et al. Correlation between molecular marker distance and hybrid performance in US southern long grain rice. Crop Sci, 1997, 37(1): 145150.
\[7\]Zhang Q, Gao Y J, Yang S H, et al. A diallel analysis of heterosis in elite hybrid rice based on RFLPs and microsatellites. Theor Appl Genet, 1994, 89: 185192.
\[8\]何光华, 侯磊, 李德谋, 等. 利用分子标记预测杂交水稻产量及其构成因素. 遗传学报, 2002, 29(5): 438444.
\[9\]Murray M G, Thompson W F. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA.Nucleic Acids Res, 1980, 8(19): 43214326.
\[10\]McCouch S R, Teytelman L, Xu Y B, et al. Development and mapping of 2240 new SSR markers for rice (Oryza sativa L.). DNA Res, 2002, 9(6): 199207.
\[11\]Xiao J, Li J, Yuan L, et al. Genetic diversity and its relationship to hybrid performance and heterosis in rice as revealed by PCRbased markers. Theor Appl Genet, 1996, 92(6): 637643.
\[12\]Bernardo R. Relationship between sing1ecross performance and mo1ecular marker heterozygosity. Theor Appl Genet, 1992, 83: 628634.
\[13\]黄利兴, 张以华, 雷上平, 等. 籼型三系杂交晚稻稻米品质性状杂种优势的遗传分析. 福建农林大学学报：自然科学版, 2006, 35(5): 449455.
\[14\]黄利兴, 李清华, 林玲娜, 等. 籼型三系杂交晚稻稻米品质性状的遗传效应分析. 福建农林大学学报：自然科学版, 2006, 35(3): 225261.
\[15\]Shi C H, Zhu J. Genetic analysis of cytoplasmic and maternal effects for milling quality traits in indica rice. Seed Sci Technol, 1998, 26(2): 481488.
\[16\]廖伏明, 周坤炉, 阳和华, 等. 籼型杂交水稻杂种与亲本的稻米品质比较. 中国水稻科学, 2003, 17(2):134140.
\[17\]张小明, 石春海, 鲍根良, 等. 稻米外观和碾磨性状的数量遗传及相关性研究进展. 浙江农业学报, 2002, 14(3): 182186.
\[18\]石春海, 何慈信, 朱军. 稻米碾磨品质性状遗传主效应及其与环境互作的遗传分析. 遗传学报, 1998, 25(1): 4653.
\[19\]李仕贵, 黎汉云, 周开达, 等. 杂交水稻整精米率的遗传相关分析. 四川农业大学学报, 1995, 13(4): 456460.
