采用SSR标记分析了304份我国20世纪50-90年代生产上广泛应用的常规稻主栽品种的遗传结构及不同时期籼粳组分的变化。结果显示，我国常规稻主栽品种可明显分为籼、粳两类，籼稻的亚遗传结构比粳稻更为复杂，但晚籼和早粳类型的遗传背景略为单一。早、中、晚各季节类型与遗传结构的分型结果符合度较低。利用12个籼粳分化特异的SSR位点分析各品种的籼粳组分，发现20世纪90年代晚籼类型的粳型组分明显增加，而其他类型不同时期间籼粳组分的差异较小。研究结果对了解我国常规稻品种的遗传结构以及籼粳交育种具有一定的意义。
SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic structure and compare indica or japonica component of Chinese major inbred rice varieties from the 1950s to the 1990s. The results showed that the genetic structure of major inbred rice varieties in China was distinctly divided into two populations, indica and japonica rice. The substructure of indica rice was more complex than that of japonica rice. Lateseason indica rice and earlyseason japonica rice had a little simplex genetic background. The seasonal ecotypes were not quite in conformity with the subtypes of genetic structure. A total of 12 SSR loci with specific differentiation between indica and japonica rice were used to calculate the indica or japonica component. The difference of indica or japonica component among the five decades was not significant except lateseason indica rice. The japonica component of lateseason indica rice planted in the 1990s was increased obviously. These results will be helpful to understand the genetic structure of Chinese major inbred rice varieties and indicajaponica hybridization breeding in China.
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