To compare the genetic diversity of rice landraces in different periods polymorphism, genetic similarity and cluster analyses were conducted with 148 rice landraces by using 48 SSR markers. The materials included 72 landraces collected during the 1970s (pastgrown landraces) and 76 grown during the past decade (currentgrown landraces) in Hani′s terraced fields in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. The results showed that the differences between the two periods in all indices, including average number of alleles, effective number of alleles, locus polymorphism information content and genotype diversity were not significant. Furthermore, 52 alleles of 24 SSR markers differed between the pastgrown and the currentgrown landraces, among which 32 alleles of 18 SSR markers were not detected in the currentgrown landraces and 20 alleles of 16 SSR markers were not detected in the pastgrown landraces. The average genetic similarity coefficient of the currentgrown landraces was 03340, and that of the pastgrown landraces was 03313. The currentgrown and pastgrown landraces were divided into japonica and indica subspecies at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0174 and 0203, respectively. These results indicated that for more than 30 years′ natural and artificial selection, there were variations in some of the allele locus of the rice landraces from Hani′s terraced fields with high genetic diversity. In addition, the indicajaponica subspecies differentiation was obvious in the landraces from Hani′s terraced fields in Yuanyang, and the differentiation seemed to be ongoing, indicating that Hani′s terraced fields and the rice landraces might be ideal tested field and materials for the study of indicajaponica subspecies evolution.
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