对所构建的7种水稻同核异质雄性不育系进行细胞质遗传效应研究，包括主要生长特性和农艺性状、与恢复系测配的影响以及花粉发育的细胞学观察。结果表明，7种同核异质不育系的播始历期为81~83 d，剑叶长为25.10 ~29.40 cm，穗长为21.45 ~24.30 cm，株高为80.60 ~94.13 cm，每穗粒数在163.2~222.1。与恢复系辐恢838和绵恢725进行测配，结果表明用绵恢725配组时，各组合的生育期为113~115 d，剑叶长和剑叶宽2个性状与用辐恢838配组时类似。最主要的差别在株高、有效穗、每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重等几个性状。总体看株高明显下降，每穗粒数和实粒数显著增加，而结实率和千粒重多数不如用辐恢838配组的组合。用7种同核异质雄性不育系混合后与单一恢复系配组，在实践中是可行的。细胞学观察结果表明，同核异质雄性不育系花粉粒败育开始在单核期，92%以上为典败。花粉粒败育时，维管束的结构被彻底破坏。由此推断，所用的同核异质雄性不育系的败育应该同维管束的不正常发育有关，其败育机理应该是相同的。
The cytoplasmic genetic effects, including the growth characteristics and agronomic traits of the seven types of isonuclear alloplasmic male sterile lines (IAMSLs) and of the combinations derived from the IAMSLs and the restorer lines，were analyzed and the cytological study of the pollen development was also carried out. The IAMSLs were 81-83 days in duration from seeding to heading, 25.10-29. 40 cm in flag leaf length, 21.45-24.30 cm in panicle length, 80.60 to 94.13 cm in plant height, and 163.2-222.1 in grain number per panicle. Compared with the combinations of the IAMSLs and the restorer line Fuhui 838, the combinations derived from the IAMSLs and Mianhui 725 showed the same tendency in the traits of flag leaf length and width, as well as the growth duration of 113-115 days. The major differences between them were the plant height, effective panicle number, total grain number per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000grain weight. In general, the combinations orignated from Mianhui 725, the total grain number per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and seed setting rate were gradually increased, but the seed setting rate and the 1000grain weight were lower than the combinations derived from Fuhui 838. Furthermore, it had been proved that crossing the mixture of seven types of IAMSLs with a single restorer line was feasible in practice. Based on the cytological observation, the cell nucleuses of the seven types of IAMSLs began degradation at the uninucleate stage with an abortion rate above 92%. The anther vasculars were quietly destroyed during the pollen development in the male sterile lines. It was concluded that the sterility of the seven types of IAMSLs was closely related to the abnormal development of vascular tissues and might have the same abortion mechanism in pollen development in these male sterile lines of rice.
[1]Ullstrup A J.The impacts of the southern corn leaf blight epidemics of 1970-1971. Ann Rev Phytopathol, 1972, 10: 37-50.
[2]李金泉, 李伟, 程桂平, 等. 水稻同核异质不育系及其保持系核基因组的SSR分析.中国水稻科学, 2007, 21(2): 117-122.
[3]占小登, 曹立勇, 翟虎渠, 等.水稻同核异质广亲和不育系的选育及主要农艺形状分析. 作物学报， 2003, 29(2): 241-244.
[4]汤述翥, 张亚平, 孙红芹, 等. 水稻同核异质广亲和不育系细胞质效应的研究. 作物学报， 2003， 29(2): 202-207.
[5]汤述翥, 孙叶, 张宏根, 等. 同核异质粳稻不育系特性比较. 中国水稻科学, 2005, 19(6): 521-526.
[6]楼巧君, 陈亮, 罗利军. 三种水稻基因组 DNA 快速提取方法的比较. 分子植物育种, 2005, 3(5): 749-752.
[7]何兰花, 卢家现. 用改良茶酚品红染色液替代醋酸洋红染色液的研究. 生物学杂志, 2000, 17(2): 28-29.
[8]Xin Y Y, Zhang Z, Xiong Y P, et al. Identification and purity test of super hybrid rice with SSR molecular markers. Rice Sci, 2005, 12(1): 7-12.
[9]Tamilkumar P, Jerlin R, Senthil N, et al. Fingerprinting of rice hybrids and their parental lines using microsatellite markers and their utilization in genetic purity assessment of hybrid rice. Res J Seed Sci, 2009, 2: 40-47.
[10]Xu S, Liu J, Liu G. The use of SSRs for predicting the hybrid yield and yield heterosis in 15 key inbred lines of Chinese maize. Hereditas, 2005, 141: 207-215.
[11]赵勇. 利用水稻功能基因 SSR 标记鉴定水稻种质资源. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(4): 349-353.
[12]朱作峰, 孙传清. 用 SSR 标记对水稻品种的分类研究. 农业生物技术学报, 2001, 9(1): 58-61.
[13]Powell W, Morgante M, Andre C,et al.The comparison of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis. Mol Breeding, 1996, 2: 225-238.
[14]郭慧, 李树杏, 徐建第, 等. 24份水稻细胞质雄性不育系的SSR多态性分析. 杂交水稻, 2007, 22(3): 56-61.
[15]潘坤清. 水稻野败型雄性不育系花粉败育的解剖学和细胞学观察. 遗传学报, 1979, 6(2): 211-215.
[16]刘利华, 周天理. 水稻雄性不育系及其保持系雄蕊维管组织超微结构观察. 华南农业大学学报, 1992 5(1): 46-48.
[17]关和新, 朱英国. 马协不育系花药超微结构观察. 作物学报, 2000, 26(6): 913-918.
[18]梅建峰, 许秋生. 光(温)敏核不育水稻花药和小孢子发生的细胞化学. 热带亚热带植物学报, 1997, 5(2): 74-79.
[19] Fujii S， Toriyama K. Genome barriers between nuclei and mitochondria exemplified by cytoplasmic male sterility. Plant Cell Physiol, 2008, 49: 1484-1494.
[20] Fujii S, Yamada M , Fujita M ,et al. Cytoplasmic nuclear genomic barriers in rice pollen development revealed by comparison of global gene expression profiles among five independent cytoplasmic male sterile lines. Plant Cell Physiol, 2010, 51: 610-620.
[21]Guo J X, Liu Y G. The genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rice. Chin Sci Bull, 2009, 54: 2404-2409.
[22]Wang Z H, Zou Y J, Li X Y, et al. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with Boro II cytoplasm is caused by a toxic peptide and is restored by two related PPR motif genes via distinct modes of mRNA silencing. Plant Cell, 2006, 18(3): 676-687.
[23] Long Y M, Zhao L F, Niu B X, et al. Hybrid male sterility in rice controlled by interaction between divergent alleles of two adjacent genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(48): 18871-18876.
