中国水稻科学

中国水稻科学

• 研究报告 •    下一篇

舞阳贾湖新石器时代遗址炭化稻米的发现、形态学研究及意义

陈报章1; 王象坤2; 张居中3   

  1. 1徐州师范学院区域发展研究所，徐州221009；2 北京农业大学农学系，北京100094；3 河南省文物考古研究所，郑州450004
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1995-07-10 发布日期:1995-07-10

The Finds and Morphological Study of Carbonized Rice in the Neolithic Site at Jiahu in Wuyang County, Henan Provinc

Chen Baozhang; Wang Xiangkun; Zhang Juzhong   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1995-07-10 Published:1995-07-10

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摘要： 应用扩散筛选法，从舞阳贾湖新石器时代遗址样品中发现了大量炭化稻米。形态学研究表明，贾湖古稻多数为栽培粳与偏粳稻（L/W为1. 88-2. 48），少部分为栽培籼与偏籼稻（L/W为2. 50～3. 00）。该遗址文化层14C测年树轮校正值为8942～7868 a BP，这是我国迄今所发现的最早的炭化稻米。这一发现对于我国乃至世界稻作起源的研究，无疑具有重大的意义。还从古环境及农业起源机制方面，分析了贾湖先民较早开始稻作文化的原因，并提出了具有古气候边缘过渡效应的淮河流域或许是我国栽培稻起源地之一的看法。

关键词: 炭化稻米, 稻作起源地, 形态学研究, 新石器时代遗址

Abstract: Through diffusing-sieving, a lot of carbonized caryopses of rice were found in the samples which were collected from the Neolithic site at Jiahu in Wuyang County, Henan Province (33°37' N, 133°40'E). Morphological study indicates that the major part of ancient rice at Jiahu is cultivated keng (japonica) or approaching keng(L/W is 1. 88-2. 48), and the minority is cultivated hsien (indica) or approaching hsien (L/W is 2. 50-3. 00). The range of Calibrated radiocarbon ages of the cultured ruins in this site is 8942～7868 a BP. This find of Jiahu carbonized caryopses of rice is not only the earliest evidence of cultivated rice in Yellow Rivers and Huaihe Rivers, but also one of the earliest data in the world by now. It is no doubt of great significance for study of origin of rice in China even in the world. Based on analysing of ancient cultural ecology and agricultural origin mechanism, the authors also discuss why Jiahu ancestors began planting rice earlier, and deduce that the Huaihe Rivers may be one of the cradle centers of Chinese cultivated rice owing to this area had edge effects of ancient climatic and ancient cultural transit tion.

Key words: carbonized rice, cradle of rice cultivation, morphological study, the neolithic site