功能稻米研究现状与展望

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2021.201106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

介绍了稻米的结构和营养成分特征、功能稻米的概念、研究历史和时代属性,重点阐述了功能稻米活性物质的种类和调控机制,总结了国内外利用常规育种、诱变育种、基因工程技术等手段在功能稻米方面的研究进展,结合当前功能稻米及其制品的社会需求,对功能稻米研究中存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 功能稻米, 生理活性物质, 营养健康, 发展趋势

Abstract:

In this review, we introduced the structure and nutrient compositions of brown rice, and the concept and the connotation of times of functional rice in the new historical period. We emphatically described the types and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive ingredients in functional rice, and summarized the advances in functional rice research by conventional breeding, mutation breeding and genetic engineering. Finally, we summarized the existing problems in the research of functional rice, and forecasted the future development trend of functional rice by taking into consideration the challenges in this front, the current research status, and the public demands for functional rice and its products.

Key words: functional rice, bioactive ingredient, nutrition and health, development tendency

胡时开, 胡培松. 功能稻米研究现状与展望[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2021, 35(4): 311-325.

Shikai HU, Peisong HU. Research Progress and Prospect of Functional Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2021, 35(4): 311-325.

图/表 4

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营养成分 Nutritional composition		稻谷 Paddy rice		糙米 Brown rice		精米 Milled rice		米糠 Rice bran		胚 Embryo		细米糠 Rice polishings
水分(鲜质量%) Water (% of fresh weight)		7.6–28.35		11.37–16.4		12.31–15.5		6.13–14.0		14.0		14.0
碳水化合物成分(占干物质比重%) Carbohydrate components (% of dry matter)
粗蛋白¹ Crude protein¹		5.9–11.8		6.5–10.0		7.3–8.3		13.1–17.3		16.4–24.0		13.0–14.4
粗脂肪 Crude fat		1.7–3.47		1.9–3.9		0.3–0.65		17.4–22.9		19.3–23.8		11.7–14.4
粗灰分 Crude ash		3.4–8.6		1.2–1.7		0.3–0.9		7.7–11.5		5.6–10.1		6.0–8.5
碳水化合物² Carbohydrates²		79.98–85.53		85.2–88.9		91.07		52.93		/		/
可消化的碳水化合物³ Digestible carbohydrates³		74.0–85.1		84.8–88.2		89.1–91.2		39.7–60.8		39.8–48.1		59.4–64.0
淀粉 Starch		61.9–67.2		77.2		90.2		16		2.4		48.3–55.3
游离糖 Free sugars		0.6–1.4		0.8–1.5		0.3–0.5		6.4–8.0		9.3–14.0		/
糖⁴ Sugar⁴		/		/		0.14		0.96		/		/
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fibre		15.0–32.2		4.5		0.8–2.7		27.6–33.3		15.2		/
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fibre		10.8–18.2		/		/		/		/		/
不溶性膳食纤维 Insoluble dietary fibre		18.84–19.12		/		0.5		/		/		/
可溶性膳食纤维 Soluble dietary fibre		1.26		/		微量		/		/		/
总膳食纤维 Total dietary fibre		16.73–22.97		3.9		0.5–2.8		22.4		/		/
粗纤维 Crude fibre		8.40–18.13		0.7–1.2		0.2–0.6		8.1–13.3		2.8–4.1		2.7–3.7
纤维素 Cellulose		/		/		/		6.9–10.5		3.1		/
半纤维素 Hemicelluloses		/		/		0.1		11.0–19.7		11.3		/
戊聚糖 Pentosans		4.3–6.2		1.4–2.4		0.6–1.6		8.1–9.7		5.7–7.4		4.2–5.5
木质素 Lignin		4.0–5.8		/		0.1		3.3–4.5		0.8–4.7		3.3
能量 Energy/(kJ·g^-1)		17.1–22.3		17.2–18.7		17.0–18.1		14.1–23.1		/		20.8
蛋白质组分占比Percentage of total protein/%
白蛋白 Albumin		/		/		2.0–5		/		/		/
球蛋白 Globulin		/		/		2.0–10		/		/		/
醇溶蛋白 Prolamin		/		/		20–25		/		/		/
谷蛋白 Glutelin		/		/		60–65		/		/		/
氨基酸组成(占干物质%) Amino acid composition (% of dry matter)
丙氨酸 Alanine		0.38–0.57		0.37–0.59		/		/		/		/
精氨酸 Arginine		0.53–0.85		0.52–0.98		/		/		/		/
天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid		0.61–0.94		0.59–0.96		/		/		/		/
胱氨酸 Cystine		0.10–0.26		0.15–0.28		/		/		/		/
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid		1.10–1.74		1.06–1.88		/		/		/		/
甘氨酸 Glycine		0.34–0.48		0.32–0.48		/		/		/		/
组氨酸 Histidine		0.14–0.25		0.16–0.27		/		/		/		/
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine		0.27–0.43		0.22–0.43		/		/		/		/
亮氨酸 Leucine		0.55–0.78		0.51–0.85		/		/		/		/
赖氨酸 Lysine		0.28–0.42		0.26–0.40		/		/		/		/
甲硫氨酸 Methionine		0.14–0.31		0.14–0.34		/		/		/		/
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine		0.28–0.52		0.32–0.55		/		/		/		/
脯氨酸 Proline		0.29–0.54		0.25–0.47		/		/		/		/
丝氨酸 Serine		0.36–0.51		0.30–0.54		/		/		/		/
苏氨酸 Threonine		0.27–0.40		0.23–0.38		/		/		/		/
色氨酸 Tryptophan		0.09–0.18		0.05–0.14		/		/		/		/
酪氨酸 Tyrosine		0.13–0.48		0.21–0.51		/		/		/		/
缬氨酸 Valine		0.39–0.63		0.37–0.61		/		/		/		/
脂肪酸组成(占总脂肪酸%) Fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acids)
十四酸 Myristic (14:0)		0.32–0.48		0.5–1.1		/		/		/		/
十五烷酸 Pentadecanoic (15:0)		/		0.1–0.3		/		/		/		/
十六烷酸 Palmitic (16:0)		14.90–16.94		18.2–31.2		/		/		/		/
营养成分 Nutritional composition	稻谷 Paddy rice		糙米 Brown rice		精米 Milled rice		米糠 Rice bran		胚 Embryo		细米糠 Rice polishings
软脂酸 Palmitoleic (16:1)	0.26–0.93		0.1–0.2		/		/		/		/
十七酸 Heptadecanoic (17:0)	/		0.1–0.6		/		/		/		/
硬脂酸 Stearic (18:0)	1.68–2.09		1.5–2.8		/		/		/		/
油酸 Oleic (18:1)	37.49–40.49		30.9–42.0		/		/		/		/
亚麻油酸 Linoleic (18:2)	37.51–38.49		26.1–39.0		/		/		/		/
亚麻酸 Linolenic (18:3)	1.12–1.21		0.9–1.6		/		/		/		/
花生酸 Arachidic (20:0)	0.66–0.79		0.4–0.7		/		/		/		/
十二碳烯 Eicosenoic (20:1)	0.54–0.58		0.4–0.6		/		/		/		/
二十二酸 Behenic (22:0)	0.48–0.82		0.2–0.6		/		/		/		/
芥酸 Docosenoic/Erucic (22:1)	0.11–0.24		0.1–0.2		/		/		/		/
二十四酸 Lignoceric (24:0)	1.06–1.34		0.4–0.9		/		/		/		/
二十四烯酸 Tetracosenoic (24:1)	0.12–0.21		0.1–0.3		/		/		/		/
矿物质组成 Mineral content
大量元素Macroelement/(mg·g^-1)
钙 Calcium	0.1–1.5		0.1–0.6		0.1–0.3		0.3–1.4		0.2–1.2		0.6–0.8
镁 Magnesium	0.7–1.7		0.2–1.7		0.2–0.6		5.8–15.1		5.0–15.0		7.0–8.0
磷 Phosphorus	1.9–4.7		2.0–5.0		0.9–1.7		13.0–29		12.0–24.0		12.0–26.0
钾 Potassium	1.7–4.3		0.7–3.2		0.8–1.5		12.0–23		13.0–17		8.0–13.0
硅 Silicon	12.6		0.7–1.6		0.1–0.5		3.0–6		0.5–1.0		1.3–1.9
硫 Sulphur	0.5–1.9		0.3–2.2		0.9		2		/		1.9
微量元素 Microelement/(μg·g^-1)
铜 Copper	2.0–13.0		1.0–7.0		2.0–3.0		10.0–40		10.0–40		6.0–30.0
铁 Iron	16.0–74.2		2.0–60		2.0–33		100.0–500		70.0–209		50.0–180
锰 Manganese	20–117		2.0–42.24		7.0–20.0		110.0–267		106.0–140		/
钠 Sodium	62–1000		20.0–395		6.0–100		83.0–390		162.0–740		0.0–160
锌 Zinc	2.0–36.0		7.0–33		7.0–27.0		50.0–300		66.0–300		20.0–70
维生素含量 Vitamin content/(μg·g^-1)
视黄醇 Retinol (A)	0–0.09		0.0–0.13		0.0–微量		0.0–4.2		0.0–1.2		0.0–1.1
硫胺素 Thiamine (B1)	3.0–3.8		3.4–8.1		0.2–1.3		14.0–28		20.0–69		4.0–22
核黄素 Riboflavin (B2)	0.7–1.3		0.2–1.6		0.2–0.7		2.1–5.0		2.0–5.0		2.0–2.8
烟酸 Niacin (B3)	34–65		41.0–134.7		15.0–28		310.0–580		33.0–97		260.0–452
泛酸 Pantothenic acid (B5)	8.0–14.0		11.0–17		4.0–8.0		23.0–71		13.0–33		30.0–65
吡哆醇 Pyridoxine (B6)	5.0–8.0		1.8–11.0		0.5–1.4		11.0–41		15.0–17		11.0–31
生物素 Biotin (B7)	0.05–0.09		0.05–0.12		0.01–0.07		0.2–0.6		0.4–0.6		0.1–0.7
胆碱(总) Choline(total)	880–1140		1100		450.0–1020		1070.0–1700		1980.0–3000		1000.0–1450
叶酸 Folic acid (B9)	0.2–0.5		0.1–0.6		0.03–0.16		0.5–1.6		0.9–4.8		1.1–2.1
钴胺素 Cyanocobalamin (B12)	0–0.003		0.0–0.005		0.0–0.0016		0.0–0.005		0.0–0.01		0.0–0.004
α-生育酚 alpha-Tocopherol (E)	10.0–23.0		8.9–29.0		0.0–3		30.0–151		88		63.0–100
β-生育酚 beta-Tocopherol	/		0.5–1.4		/		/		/		/
γ-生育酚 gamma-Tocopherol	/		2.2–4.8		/		/		/		/
δ-生育酚 delta-Tocopherol	/		0.1–0.6		/		/		/		/

营养成分 Nutritional composition		稻谷 Paddy rice		糙米 Brown rice		精米 Milled rice		米糠 Rice bran		胚 Embryo		细米糠 Rice polishings
水分(鲜质量%) Water (% of fresh weight)		7.6–28.35		11.37–16.4		12.31–15.5		6.13–14.0		14.0		14.0
碳水化合物成分(占干物质比重%) Carbohydrate components (% of dry matter)
粗蛋白¹ Crude protein¹		5.9–11.8		6.5–10.0		7.3–8.3		13.1–17.3		16.4–24.0		13.0–14.4
粗脂肪 Crude fat		1.7–3.47		1.9–3.9		0.3–0.65		17.4–22.9		19.3–23.8		11.7–14.4
粗灰分 Crude ash		3.4–8.6		1.2–1.7		0.3–0.9		7.7–11.5		5.6–10.1		6.0–8.5
碳水化合物² Carbohydrates²		79.98–85.53		85.2–88.9		91.07		52.93		/		/
可消化的碳水化合物³ Digestible carbohydrates³		74.0–85.1		84.8–88.2		89.1–91.2		39.7–60.8		39.8–48.1		59.4–64.0
淀粉 Starch		61.9–67.2		77.2		90.2		16		2.4		48.3–55.3
游离糖 Free sugars		0.6–1.4		0.8–1.5		0.3–0.5		6.4–8.0		9.3–14.0		/
糖⁴ Sugar⁴		/		/		0.14		0.96		/		/
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fibre		15.0–32.2		4.5		0.8–2.7		27.6–33.3		15.2		/
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fibre		10.8–18.2		/		/		/		/		/
不溶性膳食纤维 Insoluble dietary fibre		18.84–19.12		/		0.5		/		/		/
可溶性膳食纤维 Soluble dietary fibre		1.26		/		微量		/		/		/
总膳食纤维 Total dietary fibre		16.73–22.97		3.9		0.5–2.8		22.4		/		/
粗纤维 Crude fibre		8.40–18.13		0.7–1.2		0.2–0.6		8.1–13.3		2.8–4.1		2.7–3.7
纤维素 Cellulose		/		/		/		6.9–10.5		3.1		/
半纤维素 Hemicelluloses		/		/		0.1		11.0–19.7		11.3		/
戊聚糖 Pentosans		4.3–6.2		1.4–2.4		0.6–1.6		8.1–9.7		5.7–7.4		4.2–5.5
木质素 Lignin		4.0–5.8		/		0.1		3.3–4.5		0.8–4.7		3.3
能量 Energy/(kJ·g^-1)		17.1–22.3		17.2–18.7		17.0–18.1		14.1–23.1		/		20.8
蛋白质组分占比Percentage of total protein/%
白蛋白 Albumin		/		/		2.0–5		/		/		/
球蛋白 Globulin		/		/		2.0–10		/		/		/
醇溶蛋白 Prolamin		/		/		20–25		/		/		/
谷蛋白 Glutelin		/		/		60–65		/		/		/
氨基酸组成(占干物质%) Amino acid composition (% of dry matter)
丙氨酸 Alanine		0.38–0.57		0.37–0.59		/		/		/		/
精氨酸 Arginine		0.53–0.85		0.52–0.98		/		/		/		/
天冬氨酸 Aspartic acid		0.61–0.94		0.59–0.96		/		/		/		/
胱氨酸 Cystine		0.10–0.26		0.15–0.28		/		/		/		/
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid		1.10–1.74		1.06–1.88		/		/		/		/
甘氨酸 Glycine		0.34–0.48		0.32–0.48		/		/		/		/
组氨酸 Histidine		0.14–0.25		0.16–0.27		/		/		/		/
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine		0.27–0.43		0.22–0.43		/		/		/		/
亮氨酸 Leucine		0.55–0.78		0.51–0.85		/		/		/		/
赖氨酸 Lysine		0.28–0.42		0.26–0.40		/		/		/		/
甲硫氨酸 Methionine		0.14–0.31		0.14–0.34		/		/		/		/
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine		0.28–0.52		0.32–0.55		/		/		/		/
脯氨酸 Proline		0.29–0.54		0.25–0.47		/		/		/		/
丝氨酸 Serine		0.36–0.51		0.30–0.54		/		/		/		/
苏氨酸 Threonine		0.27–0.40		0.23–0.38		/		/		/		/
色氨酸 Tryptophan		0.09–0.18		0.05–0.14		/		/		/		/
酪氨酸 Tyrosine		0.13–0.48		0.21–0.51		/		/		/		/
缬氨酸 Valine		0.39–0.63		0.37–0.61		/		/		/		/
脂肪酸组成(占总脂肪酸%) Fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acids)
十四酸 Myristic (14:0)		0.32–0.48		0.5–1.1		/		/		/		/
十五烷酸 Pentadecanoic (15:0)		/		0.1–0.3		/		/		/		/
十六烷酸 Palmitic (16:0)		14.90–16.94		18.2–31.2		/		/		/		/
营养成分 Nutritional composition	稻谷 Paddy rice		糙米 Brown rice		精米 Milled rice		米糠 Rice bran		胚 Embryo		细米糠 Rice polishings
软脂酸 Palmitoleic (16:1)	0.26–0.93		0.1–0.2		/		/		/		/
十七酸 Heptadecanoic (17:0)	/		0.1–0.6		/		/		/		/
硬脂酸 Stearic (18:0)	1.68–2.09		1.5–2.8		/		/		/		/
油酸 Oleic (18:1)	37.49–40.49		30.9–42.0		/		/		/		/
亚麻油酸 Linoleic (18:2)	37.51–38.49		26.1–39.0		/		/		/		/
亚麻酸 Linolenic (18:3)	1.12–1.21		0.9–1.6		/		/		/		/
花生酸 Arachidic (20:0)	0.66–0.79		0.4–0.7		/		/		/		/
十二碳烯 Eicosenoic (20:1)	0.54–0.58		0.4–0.6		/		/		/		/
二十二酸 Behenic (22:0)	0.48–0.82		0.2–0.6		/		/		/		/
芥酸 Docosenoic/Erucic (22:1)	0.11–0.24		0.1–0.2		/		/		/		/
二十四酸 Lignoceric (24:0)	1.06–1.34		0.4–0.9		/		/		/		/
二十四烯酸 Tetracosenoic (24:1)	0.12–0.21		0.1–0.3		/		/		/		/
矿物质组成 Mineral content
大量元素Macroelement/(mg·g^-1)
钙 Calcium	0.1–1.5		0.1–0.6		0.1–0.3		0.3–1.4		0.2–1.2		0.6–0.8
镁 Magnesium	0.7–1.7		0.2–1.7		0.2–0.6		5.8–15.1		5.0–15.0		7.0–8.0
磷 Phosphorus	1.9–4.7		2.0–5.0		0.9–1.7		13.0–29		12.0–24.0		12.0–26.0
钾 Potassium	1.7–4.3		0.7–3.2		0.8–1.5		12.0–23		13.0–17		8.0–13.0
硅 Silicon	12.6		0.7–1.6		0.1–0.5		3.0–6		0.5–1.0		1.3–1.9
硫 Sulphur	0.5–1.9		0.3–2.2		0.9		2		/		1.9
微量元素 Microelement/(μg·g^-1)
铜 Copper	2.0–13.0		1.0–7.0		2.0–3.0		10.0–40		10.0–40		6.0–30.0
铁 Iron	16.0–74.2		2.0–60		2.0–33		100.0–500		70.0–209		50.0–180
锰 Manganese	20–117		2.0–42.24		7.0–20.0		110.0–267		106.0–140		/
钠 Sodium	62–1000		20.0–395		6.0–100		83.0–390		162.0–740		0.0–160
锌 Zinc	2.0–36.0		7.0–33		7.0–27.0		50.0–300		66.0–300		20.0–70
维生素含量 Vitamin content/(μg·g^-1)
视黄醇 Retinol (A)	0–0.09		0.0–0.13		0.0–微量		0.0–4.2		0.0–1.2		0.0–1.1
硫胺素 Thiamine (B1)	3.0–3.8		3.4–8.1		0.2–1.3		14.0–28		20.0–69		4.0–22
核黄素 Riboflavin (B2)	0.7–1.3		0.2–1.6		0.2–0.7		2.1–5.0		2.0–5.0		2.0–2.8
烟酸 Niacin (B3)	34–65		41.0–134.7		15.0–28		310.0–580		33.0–97		260.0–452
泛酸 Pantothenic acid (B5)	8.0–14.0		11.0–17		4.0–8.0		23.0–71		13.0–33		30.0–65
吡哆醇 Pyridoxine (B6)	5.0–8.0		1.8–11.0		0.5–1.4		11.0–41		15.0–17		11.0–31
生物素 Biotin (B7)	0.05–0.09		0.05–0.12		0.01–0.07		0.2–0.6		0.4–0.6		0.1–0.7
胆碱(总) Choline(total)	880–1140		1100		450.0–1020		1070.0–1700		1980.0–3000		1000.0–1450
叶酸 Folic acid (B9)	0.2–0.5		0.1–0.6		0.03–0.16		0.5–1.6		0.9–4.8		1.1–2.1
钴胺素 Cyanocobalamin (B12)	0–0.003		0.0–0.005		0.0–0.0016		0.0–0.005		0.0–0.01		0.0–0.004
α-生育酚 alpha-Tocopherol (E)	10.0–23.0		8.9–29.0		0.0–3		30.0–151		88		63.0–100
β-生育酚 beta-Tocopherol	/		0.5–1.4		/		/		/		/
γ-生育酚 gamma-Tocopherol	/		2.2–4.8		/		/		/		/
δ-生育酚 delta-Tocopherol	/		0.1–0.6		/		/		/		/

类型 Disease type	主食改善建议 Suggestions on staple food	作用 Function
高血压 Hypertension	食用富含γ-氨基丁酸大米、发芽糙米 Eat rice rich in γ-aminobutyric acid, or germinated brown rice	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment
高血糖 High blood sugar	食用高抗性淀粉大米 Eat high-resistant starch rice	辅助治疗 Adjuvant treatment
肾脏病 Kidney disease	食用低谷蛋白大米 Eat low glutelin rice	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment
贫血症 Anemia	食用糙米（黑米、红米、紫米） Eat brown rice (black rice, red rice, purple rice)	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment
维生素缺乏 Vitamin deficiency	食用胚芽米、糙米 Eat germ rice, brown rice	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment
微量元素缺乏 Trace element deficiency	食用糙米（黑米、红米、紫米）、胚芽米 Eat brown rice (black rice, red rice, purple rice) or germ rice	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment

类型 Disease type	主食改善建议 Suggestions on staple food	作用 Function
高血压 Hypertension	食用富含γ-氨基丁酸大米、发芽糙米 Eat rice rich in γ-aminobutyric acid, or germinated brown rice	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment
高血糖 High blood sugar	食用高抗性淀粉大米 Eat high-resistant starch rice	辅助治疗 Adjuvant treatment
肾脏病 Kidney disease	食用低谷蛋白大米 Eat low glutelin rice	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment
贫血症 Anemia	食用糙米（黑米、红米、紫米） Eat brown rice (black rice, red rice, purple rice)	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment
维生素缺乏 Vitamin deficiency	食用胚芽米、糙米 Eat germ rice, brown rice	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment
微量元素缺乏 Trace element deficiency	食用糙米（黑米、红米、紫米）、胚芽米 Eat brown rice (black rice, red rice, purple rice) or germ rice	预防和辅助治疗 Prevention and adjuvant treatment

生理活性物质 Active ingredients	功能作用 Function	品种（种质） Variety (Germplasm)
谷蛋白 Glutelin	低谷蛋白辅助治疗肾病和糖尿病 Low glutelin adjuvant therapy for nephropathy and diabetes	LGC-1、W3360、W0868、低谷1号、武2812 LGC-1、W3360、W0868、Digu 1、Wu 2812
抗过敏蛋白 Antiallergic protein	预防食用稻米后引起的过敏反应 To prevent allergic reactions after eating rice	85KG-4
抗性淀粉 Resistant starch	高抗性淀粉稻米可降低血糖和血脂,预防肠癌发生,降低患心脏病危险,控制体重 High-resistant starch rice lowers blood sugar and lipids, prevents colorectal cancer, reduces the risk of heart disease, and controls weight	降糖稻1号、宁农黑粳、功米3号、优糖稻2号、优糖稻3号、宜糖1号 Jiangtangdao 1, Ningnongheijing, Gongmi 3, Youtangdao 2, Youtangdao 3, Yitang 1
维生素E（生育酚） Vitamin E (tocopherol)	抗衰老、降低肿瘤发生 Anti-aging, reduce the occurrence of tumor	/
β-胡萝卜素β-carotene	提高免疫能力、解毒防癌、预防白内障、延缓衰老 Enhance immune ability, detoxify and prevent cancer, cataract and delay senility	金稻-1,金稻-2（基因工程产品） Golden rice-1, Golden rice-2 (GMO),
维生素B9（叶酸） Vitamin B9 (folic acid)	预防生理代谢、心血管病、神经退行性等疾病及癌症 Prevention of physiological metabolism, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and other diseases and cancer	朝阳早18、特青、大白谷13 Chaoyangzao 18, Teqing, Dabaigu 13
铁Iron	防止贫血症 Anemia prevention	IR164、GCN4、系026、龙晴4号、特3029、黑优粘3号、NASFer-274、矮血糯、乌贡1号 IR164, GCN4, Xi 026, Longqing 4, Te 3029, Heiyouzhan 3, NASFer-274, Aixuenuo, Wugong 1
锌Zinc	提高免疫力、促进生长发育 Improve immunity and promote growth and development	杨和白皮稻、大粒稻 Yanghebaipidao, Dalidao
硒Selenium	解毒、保护心血管、预防肿瘤 Detoxification, cardiovascular protection, cancer prevention	五优308 Wuyou 308
花青素Anthocyanins	预防癌症、心血管疾病、抗氧化衰老和其他慢性疾病 Prevent cancer, cardiovascular disease, anti-oxidative aging and other chronic diseases	闽紫香1号、闽紫香2号、紫晶米（基因工程产品）、宁农黑粳 Minzixiang 1, Minzixiang 2, Zijingmi (GMO), Ningnongheijing
虾青素Astaxanthin	抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、预防心脑血管疾病 Antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases	赤晶米（基因工程产品）Chijingmi (GMO)
烟酸(VB3) Nicotinic acid (VB3)	防治糙皮病, 治疗血管性偏头痛、脑动脉血栓形成、肺栓塞、内耳眩晕症等 Prevention and treatment of pellagra, vascular migraine, cerebral artery thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, inner ear vertigo, etc	/
肌醇（IP）Inositol (IP)	对肝硬化、血管硬化、脂肪肝、胆固醇过高等有明显辅助疗效 It has obvious auxiliary effect on cirrhosis, vascular sclerosis, fatty liver and high cholesterol	/
谷维素Oryzanol	降低胆固醇、改善睡眠、抗皮肤衰老 Reduce cholesterol, improve sleep, and anti-aging	/
N-去氢神经酰胺 N-dehydroceramide	抑制黑色素生成、美化皮肤 Inhibits melanin production	/
γ-阿魏酸γ-ferulic acid	抗血栓形成,抗紫外线辐射、自由基清除剂 Anti-thrombosis, anti-ultraviolet radiation, free radical scavenger	/
角鲨烯Squalene	强化肝功能Enhance liver function	/
二十八烷醇Octodecanol	增强耐力、精力和体力Increases endurance, energy and physical strength	/
谷胱甘肽Glutathione	防止溶血出现、消除疲劳Prevent hemolysis and eliminate fatigue	/
γ-氨基丁酸 γ-aminobutyric acid	抑制中枢神经、降血压、抗焦虑、增进肝功能、预防慢性疾病 Inhibits central nervous system, lowers blood pressure,anti-anxiety, improves liver function, and prevents chronic diseases	巨胚1号、Haiminori、W0250、伽马-1、奥羽359、北陆糯167号、中国糯167号、垦糯2号、巨胚红粳1号、莲塘巨胚红、巨胚813B、巨胚香糯1547等 Jupei 1, Haiminori, W0250, Gama-1, Aoyu 359, Beilunuo 167, Zhongguonuo 167, Kennuo 2, Jupeihongjing 1, Liantangjupeihong, Jupei 813B, Jupeixiangnuo 1547, etc
α-亚麻酸 α-linolenic acid	抗血栓形成,促进大脑发育、改善睡眠,预防心肌梗死和脑梗死Anti-thrombosis, promote brain development, improve sleep, prevent myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction	宁粳1-FAD3 (基因工程产品) Ningjing 1-FAD3 (GMO)
降血压短肽 Special peptide for lowering blood pressure	降血压reduce blood pressure	Kita-ACEI (基因工程产品) Kita-ACEI (GMO)
降血糖短肽 Special peptide for lowering blood sugar	降低血糖和血脂Lower blood sugar and lipids	龙稻5-mGLP (基因工程产品) Longdao 5- mGLP (GMO)