Chinese Journal OF Rice Science >
Effects of Reduced Urea Application on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mechanically-transplanted Rice Under Different Planting Spaces
Received date: 2019-02-14
Revised date: 2019-05-13
Online published: 2019-09-10
Abstract: 【Objective】Our aim is to elucidate the effects of reduced urea application combined with slow-release urea on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of rice and to lay a theoretical basis for the application of mechanical transplanting. 【Method】A split-plot design was set with 16, 18 and 20 cm plant spacing at 30 cm row spacing and four reduced urea application levels combined with slow-release urea (96 kg/hm2 of slow-release urea combined with 24 kg /hm2 of conventional urea as basal fertilizer with no top-dressing; 96 kg/hm2 of slow-release urea as basal fertilizer and 24 kg/hm2 of conventional fertilizer as top-dressing; 96 kg/hm2 of slow-release urea combined with 54 kg/hm2 of conventional urea as basal fertilizer with no top-dressing; and 96 kg/hm2 of slow-release urea combined with 30 kg/hm2 of conventional urea as basal fertilizer and 24 kg/hm2 of conventional urea as top-dressing) and Chuanguyou 7329 was used as material.【Result】 The plant spacing and reduced urea application level combined with slow-release urea showed significant or extreme significant regulating effect on leaf area index(LAI), photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of mechanically transplanted rice in the main growing stages. The reduced urea application level combined with slow-release urea patterns played a more significant effect than the plant spacing. LAI, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate and grain yield showed an increasing trend with the increase of conventional urea level combined with slow-release urea and the increase of postponed conventional urea application level under three plant spacing. At the plant space of 16 cm, the number of stem and tiller of the population increased significantly, resulting in more effective panicles, stronger competition for nutrients, weaker photosynthetic characteristics, and failure to form large panicles, although the seed setting rate was high, the grain number per panicle was low and the yield was low; Under 20 cm plant spacing, the plant density and the total number of tillers was significantly decreased, however, the lower panicle number resulted in the enhanced nutrition absorption, improved photosynthetic capability, large spike formation and increased grain number per panicle. Given the relatively low 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate, the grain yield was decreased; Under the plant spacing of 18 cm, more effective panicles were formed on the basis of sufficient tiller number of the population, which could effectively absorb nutrients in the later stage, with enhanced photosynthetic characteristics, significantly increased seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, the correlation analysis showed that the population growth rate, photosynthetic potential and effective leaf area index at full heading stage had higher correlation with yield under reduced urea level combined with slow-release urea application and plant spacing. 【Conclusion】The treatment of 18 cm of plant spacing with 30 cm of row spacing at 96 kg/hm2 of slow-release urea combined with 30 kg/hm2 of conventional urea as basal fertilizer and 24 kg/hm2 of conventional urea as top-dressing at 4-leaf stage, it could give full play to the high yield advantage of the machine-planted indica hybrid rice in this region and improve the photosynthetic material production, with the yield up to 11 681.56 kg/hm2 was the best nitrogen application method for high yield in mechanically-transplanted rice.
Haiyue WANG, Qiao ZHANG, Yunxia WU, Fengjun YAN, Changchun GUO, Yongjian SUN, Hui XU, Zhiyuan YANG, Jun MA . Effects of Reduced Urea Application on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mechanically-transplanted Rice Under Different Planting Spaces[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2019 , 33(5) : 447 -456 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2019.9021
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