Abstract: Burkholderia cepacia (Bc) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) are both biocontrol agents in agriculture and opportunistic human pathogens in hospitals. It’s the key point to understand their characteristics and distribution in rice so as to effectively manage and utilize them. In the past nine years, the two opportunistic human pathogens were identified and detected from 631 rice seed samples and 117 rice plant samples from plain, highland and mountain of rice growing areas in China. Bc and Pa could be primarily differentiated by common bacteriological characteristics and pathogenicity tests and identified into species level by Biolog and FAME. However, the genotypes of Bc still could not be distinguished. Bc and Pa mainly existed in rice roots. The distribution of Bc and Pa in the rice growing areas was the highest in the plain, being 6.1% and 16.1%, and the lowest in the mountain, being 1.0% and 7.8%, respectively.

Key words: Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, opportunistic human bacterial pathogens, biosafety

摘要： 洋葱伯克氏菌（Burkholderia cepacia, Bc）和铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pa）既是农业上的生防菌又是医院的人体条件致病菌，了解它们的特征及在水稻上的分布情况是有效管理和利用这类原核生物的关键。在过去的9年中，利用常规细菌学、致病性测定、Biolog和脂肪酸分析（FAME）对采自平原、丘陵和山区稻区的631份稻谷样本和117份稻株样本进行了两类人体条件致病细菌的鉴定和检测研究。Bc菌和Pa菌可通过培养性状和常规细菌学方法作初步鉴别，Biolog和FAME能把它们鉴定到种，但Bc菌的基因型难以区分。Bc菌和Pa菌主要存在于水稻的根部；Bc菌和Pa菌在浙江的平原稻区分布最广，分别达6.1％和16.1％；在山区稻区最低, 分别为1.0％和7.8％。

关键词: 洋葱伯克氏菌, 铜绿假单胞菌, 人体条件致病细菌, 生物安全