Chinese Journal OF Rice Science ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 451-464.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250209
• Special Focus: Mechanization and Intelligentization in Rice Production • Previous Articles Next Articles
LIN Yi1, SUN Liang1,3,*(
), CHEN Dongshun1, ZHU Guangfei4, KONG Ziyang1, YU Gaohong1,2
Received:2025-02-25
Revised:2025-04-22
Online:2025-07-10
Published:2025-07-21
Contact:
SUN Liang
林逸1, 孙良1,3,*(), 陈东顺1, 朱广飞4, 孔子阳1, 俞高红1,2
通讯作者:
孙良
基金资助:LIN Yi, SUN Liang, CHEN Dongshun, ZHU Guangfei, KONG Ziyang, YU Gaohong. Design and Optimization of a Terminal Shunting Acceleration Device for Rice Side Deep Fertilization[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025, 39(4): 451-464.
林逸, 孙良, 陈东顺, 朱广飞, 孔子阳, 俞高红. 水田侧深施肥末端分流式加速装置的设计与优化[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2025, 39(4): 451-464.
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URL: http://www.ricesci.cn/EN/10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250209
Fig. 1. Structure of pneumatic clog-resistant fertilizer applicator A, Overall structure; B, Acceleration device structure. 1, Electric fertilizer feeder; 2, Pre-storage fertilizer device; 3, Y-tube; 4, Fan; 5, Air fertilizer divider; 6, Reducing pipe; 7, Mixing inlet; 8, Divider inner cavity; 9, Feeding port; 10, Y-tube port Ⅰ; 11, Air inlet; 12, Vane valve; 13, Reducer; 14, Y-tube nozzle II.
Fig. 2. Internal structure of gas and fertilizer shunt L is the horizontal distance of the inner cavity(mm); D is the diameter of mixing tube and airway tube(mm); H is the total height(mm); H1 is the height from the fertilizer opening to the axis of the mixing tube(mm); H2 is the vertical distance from the axis of the mixing tube to the center of the circle of the bending section(mm); H3 is the height of the inclined section(mm); H4 is the height from the bottom to the inclined section(mm); α is the Angle between the mixing tube and the horizontal line(°); β is the angle between the airway and the horizontal line(°); K is the total width(mm).
Fig. 3. Force analysis of fertilizer particles
Fig. 4. Structural parameters of reducer accelerator L1 is the total length(mm); L2 is the length of the intake section(mm); L3 is the length of the reducing section(mm); d1 is the inlet section pipe diameter(mm); d2 is the outlet pipe diameter.
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of jet action
| 材料 Material | 参数 Parameter | 数值 Value |
|---|---|---|
| 史丹利复合肥 Stanley compound fertilizer | 泊松比 Poisson’s ratio | 0.21 |
| 剪切模量 Shear modulus(Pa) | 3.2×107 | |
| 密度 Density(kg/m3) | 2143 | |
| 等效粒径 Equivalent particle size(mm) | 3.67 | |
| 碰撞恢复系数(对颗粒) Coefficient of restitution (for particles) | 0.3 | |
| 静摩擦因素(对装置) Coefficient of static friction (for the device) | 0.26 | |
| 滚动摩擦因素(对装置) Coefficient of rolling friction (for the device) | 0.08 | |
| 气流加速装置 Airflow acceleration device | 泊松比 Poisson’s ratio | 0.29 |
| 剪切模量 Shear modulus(Pa) | 2.2 | |
| 密度 Density(kg/m3) | 1530 | |
| 等效粒径 Equivalent particle size(mm) | 0.42 | |
| 碰撞恢复系数(对颗粒) Coefficient of restitution (for particles) | 0.26 | |
| 静摩擦因素(对装置) Coefficient of static friction (for the device) | 0.06 |
Table 1. Basic parameters of materials
| 材料 Material | 参数 Parameter | 数值 Value |
|---|---|---|
| 史丹利复合肥 Stanley compound fertilizer | 泊松比 Poisson’s ratio | 0.21 |
| 剪切模量 Shear modulus(Pa) | 3.2×107 | |
| 密度 Density(kg/m3) | 2143 | |
| 等效粒径 Equivalent particle size(mm) | 3.67 | |
| 碰撞恢复系数(对颗粒) Coefficient of restitution (for particles) | 0.3 | |
| 静摩擦因素(对装置) Coefficient of static friction (for the device) | 0.26 | |
| 滚动摩擦因素(对装置) Coefficient of rolling friction (for the device) | 0.08 | |
| 气流加速装置 Airflow acceleration device | 泊松比 Poisson’s ratio | 0.29 |
| 剪切模量 Shear modulus(Pa) | 2.2 | |
| 密度 Density(kg/m3) | 1530 | |
| 等效粒径 Equivalent particle size(mm) | 0.42 | |
| 碰撞恢复系数(对颗粒) Coefficient of restitution (for particles) | 0.26 | |
| 静摩擦因素(对装置) Coefficient of static friction (for the device) | 0.06 |
Fig. 6. Grid model of gas fertilizer divider
Fig. 7. Influence of different factors on the shunt effect of gas fertilizer shunt device
| 编码水平 Coding level | 混合管倾角 Mixing angle(°) | 导气管倾角 Air deflector angle(°) | 弯径比 Ratio of cornering radius |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 30 | 4 |
| 0 | 20 | 20 | 3 |
| −1 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
Table 2. Coding table of experimental factors
| 编码水平 Coding level | 混合管倾角 Mixing angle(°) | 导气管倾角 Air deflector angle(°) | 弯径比 Ratio of cornering radius |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 30 | 4 |
| 0 | 20 | 20 | 3 |
| −1 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
| 序号 Number | A | B | C | 气流均速 Airflow velocity(m/s) | 肥料误入率 Fertilizer fall rate(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 11.3288 | 12.10 |
| 2 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 13.6998 | 18.31 |
| 3 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 9.7277 | 6.79 |
| 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9.0358 | 10.85 |
| 5 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 16.5551 | 8.29 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.6226 | 9.51 |
| 7 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 12.3705 | 6.37 |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.8202 | 2.75 |
| 9 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 14.8379 | 20.95 |
| 10 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 10.9157 | 3.58 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.2228 | 10.91 |
| 12 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 11.1226 | 5.72 |
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.5015 | 4.3 |
| 14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.0739 | 13.75 |
| 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.8224 | 8.06 |
| 16 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 10.3928 | 2.56 |
| 17 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9.8274 | 8.93 |
Table 3. Experimental design and results
| 序号 Number | A | B | C | 气流均速 Airflow velocity(m/s) | 肥料误入率 Fertilizer fall rate(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 11.3288 | 12.10 |
| 2 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 13.6998 | 18.31 |
| 3 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 9.7277 | 6.79 |
| 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9.0358 | 10.85 |
| 5 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 16.5551 | 8.29 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.6226 | 9.51 |
| 7 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 12.3705 | 6.37 |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.8202 | 2.75 |
| 9 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 14.8379 | 20.95 |
| 10 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 10.9157 | 3.58 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.2228 | 10.91 |
| 12 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 11.1226 | 5.72 |
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.5015 | 4.3 |
| 14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9.0739 | 13.75 |
| 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.8224 | 8.06 |
| 16 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 10.3928 | 2.56 |
| 17 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9.8274 | 8.93 |
| 方差来源 Source | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型 Model | 65.88 | 9 | 7.32 | 48.09 | <0.0001 |
| A | 42.51 | 1 | 42.51 | 279.28 | <0.0001 |
| B | 2.34 | 1 | 2.34 | 15.38 | 0.0057 |
| C | 5.10 | 1 | 5.10 | 33.50 | 0.0007 |
| AB | 0.82 | 1 | 0.82 | 5.40 | 0.00531 |
| AC | 1.31 | 1 | 1.31 | 8.61 | 0.0219 |
| BC | 0.16 | 1 | 0.16 | 1.03 | 0.3433 |
| A2 | 11.09 | 1 | 11.09 | 72.86 | <0.0001 |
| B2 | 2.17 | 1 | 2.17 | 14.27 | 0.0069 |
| C2 | 0.67 | 1 | 0.67 | 4.38 | 0.0747 |
| 残差 Residual | 1.01 | 7 | 0.15 | ||
| 失拟项 Lack of fit | 0.82 | 3 | 0.27 | 4.34 | 0.0951 |
| 纯误差 Pure error | 0.25 | 4 | 0.063 | ||
| 总和 Total | 66.94 | 16 |
Table 4. Analysis of variance of air velocity at air outlet
| 方差来源 Source | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型 Model | 65.88 | 9 | 7.32 | 48.09 | <0.0001 |
| A | 42.51 | 1 | 42.51 | 279.28 | <0.0001 |
| B | 2.34 | 1 | 2.34 | 15.38 | 0.0057 |
| C | 5.10 | 1 | 5.10 | 33.50 | 0.0007 |
| AB | 0.82 | 1 | 0.82 | 5.40 | 0.00531 |
| AC | 1.31 | 1 | 1.31 | 8.61 | 0.0219 |
| BC | 0.16 | 1 | 0.16 | 1.03 | 0.3433 |
| A2 | 11.09 | 1 | 11.09 | 72.86 | <0.0001 |
| B2 | 2.17 | 1 | 2.17 | 14.27 | 0.0069 |
| C2 | 0.67 | 1 | 0.67 | 4.38 | 0.0747 |
| 残差 Residual | 1.01 | 7 | 0.15 | ||
| 失拟项 Lack of fit | 0.82 | 3 | 0.27 | 4.34 | 0.0951 |
| 纯误差 Pure error | 0.25 | 4 | 0.063 | ||
| 总和 Total | 66.94 | 16 |
| 方差来源 Source | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型 Model | 365.05 | 9 | 40.56 | 4.74 | 0.261 |
| A | 59.90 | 1 | 59.90 | 7.00 | 0.0331 |
| B | 15.15 | 1 | 15.15 | 1.77 | 0.2248 |
| C | 112.80 | 1 | 112.80 | 13.19 | 0.0084 |
| AB | 115.99 | 1 | 115.99 | 13.56 | 0.0078 |
| AC | 3.33 | 1 | 3.33 | 0.39 | 0.5523 |
| BC | 0.20 | 1 | 0.20 | 0.023 | 0.8833 |
| A2 | 42.03 | 1 | 42.03 | 4.92 | 0.0621 |
| B2 | 12.16 | 1 | 12.16 | 1.42 | 0.2719 |
| C2 | 2.32 | 1 | 2.32 | 0.27 | 0.6182 |
| 残差 Residual | 59.86 | 7 | 8.55 | ||
| 失拟项 Lack of fit | 11.85 | 3 | 3.95 | 0.33 | 0.8060 |
| 纯误差 Pure error | 48.01 | 4 | 12.00 | ||
| 总和 Total | 424.90 | 16 |
Table 5. Analysis of variance of fatting rate of air inlet
| 方差来源 Source | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型 Model | 365.05 | 9 | 40.56 | 4.74 | 0.261 |
| A | 59.90 | 1 | 59.90 | 7.00 | 0.0331 |
| B | 15.15 | 1 | 15.15 | 1.77 | 0.2248 |
| C | 112.80 | 1 | 112.80 | 13.19 | 0.0084 |
| AB | 115.99 | 1 | 115.99 | 13.56 | 0.0078 |
| AC | 3.33 | 1 | 3.33 | 0.39 | 0.5523 |
| BC | 0.20 | 1 | 0.20 | 0.023 | 0.8833 |
| A2 | 42.03 | 1 | 42.03 | 4.92 | 0.0621 |
| B2 | 12.16 | 1 | 12.16 | 1.42 | 0.2719 |
| C2 | 2.32 | 1 | 2.32 | 0.27 | 0.6182 |
| 残差 Residual | 59.86 | 7 | 8.55 | ||
| 失拟项 Lack of fit | 11.85 | 3 | 3.95 | 0.33 | 0.8060 |
| 纯误差 Pure error | 48.01 | 4 | 12.00 | ||
| 总和 Total | 424.90 | 16 |
Fig. 8. Analysis of airway velocity response surface
Fig. 9. Response surface analysis of inlet rate of airway
Fig. 10. Test bench 1, Fan; 2, Air acceleration device; 3, Control air supply pipe; 4, Paddy field silt; 5, Fertilizer box; 6, Fertilizer feed tank wheel; 7, Flow rate detection device; 8, High-speed camera; 9, Controller; 10, Computer.
| 组别 Group | 序号 Number | 导气口气流速度 Airflow velocity in guide vane(m/s) | 导气口肥料误入率 Air guide port fall rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 试验组 Experimental group | 1 | 16.2 | 7.8 |
| 2 | 15.4 | 7.9 | |
| 3 | 16.1 | 7.3 | |
| 4 | 16.3 | 7.7 | |
| 5 | 15.8 | 8.0 | |
| 均值 Mean | 15.96 | 7.74 | |
Table 6. Results of bench test of airflow acceleration device
| 组别 Group | 序号 Number | 导气口气流速度 Airflow velocity in guide vane(m/s) | 导气口肥料误入率 Air guide port fall rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 试验组 Experimental group | 1 | 16.2 | 7.8 |
| 2 | 15.4 | 7.9 | |
| 3 | 16.1 | 7.3 | |
| 4 | 16.3 | 7.7 | |
| 5 | 15.8 | 8.0 | |
| 均值 Mean | 15.96 | 7.74 | |
| 组别 Group | 序号 Number | 气流速度 Air velocity(m/s) | 落肥速度 Fattening rate (m/s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 实验组 Experimental group | 1 | 19.9 | 2.123 |
| 2 | 19.7 | 2.395 | |
| 3 | 19.8 | 2.061 | |
| 4 | 19.3 | 2.093 | |
| 5 | 20.0 | 2.028 | |
| 均值 Mean | 19.74 | 2.140 | |
| 对照组 Control group | 1 | 14.8 | 1.857 |
| 2 | 14.6 | 1.834 | |
| 3 | 15.0 | 1.646 | |
| 4 | 14.9 | 1.708 | |
| 5 | 15.1 | 1.738 | |
| 均值 Mean | 14.88 | 1.757 | |
Table 7. Results of the control experiment
| 组别 Group | 序号 Number | 气流速度 Air velocity(m/s) | 落肥速度 Fattening rate (m/s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 实验组 Experimental group | 1 | 19.9 | 2.123 |
| 2 | 19.7 | 2.395 | |
| 3 | 19.8 | 2.061 | |
| 4 | 19.3 | 2.093 | |
| 5 | 20.0 | 2.028 | |
| 均值 Mean | 19.74 | 2.140 | |
| 对照组 Control group | 1 | 14.8 | 1.857 |
| 2 | 14.6 | 1.834 | |
| 3 | 15.0 | 1.646 | |
| 4 | 14.9 | 1.708 | |
| 5 | 15.1 | 1.738 | |
| 均值 Mean | 14.88 | 1.757 | |
Fig. 11. Comparison of test data
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