Layered Straw Returning Coupled with Decomposing Agent Enhances Rice Yield by Regulating Soil Organic Carbon Transformation and Microbial Community Structure

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250711

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of straw layered returning combined with its decomposing agents on the transformation of soil organic carbon (C), activities of enzymes related to C metabolism, structure of microbial community, and rice yield, in order to provide a theoretical basis for organic fertilization of low-yield yellow paddy soil and rice yield improvement. 【Method】Eight treatments were designed, including no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (NPK), and layered straw application at 0 cm, 0-8 cm, and 8-18 cm depths (NPKSL0, NPKSL0-8, and NPKSL8-18), and layered straw application combined with decomposing agents at 0 cm, 0-8 cm, and 8-18 cm depths (NPKSML0, NPKSML0-8, and NPKSML8-18). The content of soil organic C components, activity of C metabolism-related enzymes, soil microbial community, rice yield and its yield components were investigated, and their dominant factors that affect rice yield and soil organic C were further explored.【Result】Compared with NPK and NPKSL0-8, NPKSL8-18 treatment significantly increased the content of soil easily oxidizable organic C, microbial biomass C, particulate organic C, activity of α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota and Ascomycota. Compared with the single straw application, the coupling application of straw and decomposing agents further increased soil organic C, easily oxidizable organic C, particulate organic C, mineral-bound organic C, and the activity of β-glucosidase in the 0-8 cm and 8-18 cm layers. Under NPKSML8-18 treatment, the abundance of Chloroflexi group was the highest, while the groups of Rozellomycota, Anaeromyxobacter, and Nigrospora were the lowest. Compared with NPK, NPKSML0, NPKSML0-8, and NPKSML8-18 increased soil organic C and rice yield, with the increments of 27.38%-37.94% and 7.97%-23.14%, and their values were highest in the NPKSML8-18 treatment. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic C and rice yield were significantly and positively correlated with soil easily oxidizable organic C, microbial biomass C, mineral-bound organic C, particulate organic C, and the activities of β-1,4-xylanase, α-1,4-glucosidase, and β-1,4-glucosidase (P<0.05), but were negatively correlated with dissolved organic C, the bacterial Shannon index and the fungal richness index (P<0.01).【Conclusion】Deep application of straw coupled with decomposing agents (NPKSML8-18) increases soil organic C and rice yield, mainly by enhancing the content of soil easily oxidizable organic C, microbial biomass C, mineral-associated organic C, and particulate organic C, boosting the activities of β-1,4-xylanase, α-1,4-glucosidase, and β-1,4-glucosidase, and promoting the relative abundance of Chloroflexi involved in straw decomposition.

Key words: layered straw returning, decomposing agents, organic carbon, microbial community, rice yield

摘要： 【目的】探究秸秆分层还田耦合腐解菌剂对土壤有机碳转化、碳代谢相关酶活性、微生物群落结构和水稻产量的影响，以期为中低产黄泥田有机培肥和水稻产能提升提供理论依据。【方法】试验设置8个处理，即不施肥(CK)，常规施肥(NPK)，常规施肥下秸秆0 cm、0-8 cm和8-18 cm分层还田(NPKSL0、NPKSL0-8和NPKSL8-18)，常规施肥下秸秆0 cm、0-8 cm和8-18 cm分层还田耦合腐解菌剂(NPKSML0、NPKSML0-8和NPKSML8-18)。分析成熟期不同处理土壤各有机碳组分、碳代谢相关酶活性、微生物群落结构、水稻产量及其构成因子差异特征，并对影响水稻产量和土壤有机碳含量的主导环境因子进行解析。【结果】与NPK和NPKSL0-8处理相比，秸秆深施(NPKSL8-18)处理显著提高土壤易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳、颗粒有机碳含量、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性以及酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度。与单一秸秆还田各处理相比，秸秆还田耦合腐解菌剂显著提高0-8 cm和8-18 cm土壤有机碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳、矿物结合态有机碳含量及β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。同时，NPKSML8-18处理绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)相对丰度最高，但罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)、厌氧粘细菌属(Anaeromyxobacter)和黑孢霉属(Nigrospora)相对丰度最低。与常规施肥相比，秸秆还田耦合菌剂各处理提高了土壤有机碳和水稻产量，增幅分别为27.38%~37.94%和7.97%~23.14%，以NPKSML8-18处理最高。相关性分析表明，土壤有机碳和水稻产量与易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳、矿物结合态有机碳、颗粒有机碳和β-1,4-木聚糖酶、α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著正相关(P<0.05)，但与可溶性有机碳、细菌香农指数和真菌群落物种丰富度指数显著负相关(P<0.01)。【结论】秸秆深施耦合腐解菌剂(NPKSML8-18)可通过提升土壤易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳、矿物结合态有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量，增强β-1,4-木聚糖酶、α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶和β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性，提高促进秸秆分解的绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)相对丰度，进而提高土壤有机碳含量和水稻产量。

关键词: 秸秆分层还田, 腐解菌剂, 有机碳, 微生物群落, 水稻产量

WANG Xinya, HE Zhuoting, LI Xiao, YOU Saiya, ZHU Lianfeng, KONG Yali, ZHU Chunquan, TIAN Wenhao, ZHANG Junhua, JIN Qianyu, CAO Xiaochuang. Layered Straw Returning Coupled with Decomposing Agent Enhances Rice Yield by Regulating Soil Organic Carbon Transformation and Microbial Community Structure[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026, 40(5): 648-662.

王新雅, 何卓婷, 李潇, 尤赛雅, 朱练峰, 孔亚丽, 朱春权, 田文昊, 张均华, 金千瑜, 曹小闯. 秸秆分层还田耦合腐解菌剂通过调控土壤有机碳转化和微生物群落结构提高水稻产量[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2026, 40(5): 648-662.

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