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Research Progress of Pollen Tube Growth in Pistil of Rice and Its Response to Abiotic stress XU Yongqiang, XU Jun, FENG Baohua, XIAO Jingjing, WANG Danying, ZENG Yuxiang, FU Guanfu Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 495-506.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231107 Abstract （711）   HTML （25）    PDF （618KB）（6250）       Knowledge map    Save Rice, a vital food crop in China and globally, is susceptible to abiotic stresses such as extreme high temperatures, drought, cold, and low light which can impair rice production and threaten worldwide food security, including in China. The growth of pollen tubes in the pistil is crucial for successful fertilization, however abiotic stress can disrupt signaling transport and energy metabolism in the pistils, leading to spikelet sterility. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of abiotic stress on pollen tube growth in pistils and to understand the underlying regulatory mechanisms. This review focuses on the process of pollen tube growth in pistils, encompassing signal transduction, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, it explores the effects of abiotic stress on pollen tube growth in pistils and describes strategies to mitigate stress-induced inhibition of pollen tube growth. This research provides a theoretical foundation for developing cultivation techniques aimed at enhancing spikelet fertility in rice under abiotic stress. Finally, the paper outlines future research directions for studying pollen tube growth in rice pistils under abiotic stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Mechanism Behind Heat Damage and Its Regulatory Techniques During Flowering in Rice XU Yongqiang, JIANG Ning, FENG Baohua, XIAO Jingjing, TAO Longxing, FU Guanfu Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (2): 111-126.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230601 Abstract （1380）   HTML （77）    PDF （498KB）（6146）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, extremely high temperatures have significantly impacted rice growth, yield, and quality. The flowering stage of rice is particularly sensitive to high temperatures, making it crucial to study their effects on spikelet fertility and cultivation techniques. To mitigate high-temperature damage to rice and enhance food security, this paper reviews the characteristics and mechanisms of rice floret opening, anther dehiscence, pollen scattering, pollen germination, and pollen tube elongation under high-temperature stress. It clarifies the regulatory mechanisms of heat tolerance during rice flowering and proposes cultivation measures to alleviate high-temperature damage. This paper offers new insights into heat resistance mechanisms and cultivation technologies at the rice flowering stage, with promising implications for future research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on the Damage and Management of Apple Snails(Ampullariider: Pomacea) in Paddy Fields LÜ Haitao, LI Jianzhong, LU Yanhui, XU Hongxing, ZHENG Xusong, LÜ Zhongxian Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (2): 127-139.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230807 Abstract （1249）   HTML （46）    PDF （379KB）（6052）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is a widely cultivated food crop in China and around the world, with over half of the global population depending on it as their primary food source. The golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, as an invasive species, poses a significant threat to rice production, garnering extensive attention in China. From sowing to field sundrying, rice is susceptible to being bitten by P. canaliculata. During sowing, it bites the embryo of rice seeds, and at the seedling stage, it attacks the entire seedling, leading to a reduction in rice seedlings and effective tillers, significantly impacting rice yield. This paper reviews the species, biological characteristics, damage patterns in paddy fields, field prevention and control technology, and resource utilization of apple snails. The aim is to lay a foundation for further prevention and control measures in paddy fields, ultimately increasing rice yield and quality and minimizing economic losses for farmers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Identification of Candidate Genes for Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Genome-wide Association Analysis LÜ Yang, LIU Congcong, YANG Longbo, CAO Xinglan, WANG Yueying, TONG Yi, Mohamed Hazman, QIAN Qian, SHANG Lianguang, GUO Longbiao Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 516-524.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231010 Abstract （1135）   HTML （29）    PDF （2255KB）（6050）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The exploration of germplasm and gene resources in rice for high nitrogen efficiency, along with the elucidation of their molecular mechanisms and genetic effects, represents a significant focus and goal within current research efforts on rice nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).【Method】 To identify the variant loci and candidate genes associated with rice NUE, we collected 190 Asian rice accessions as an association population. After thorough filtering and screening, we obtained 3,934,195 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Under field conditions, two nitrogen treatment levels were established: low nitrogen (N1, 90 kg/hm²) and normal nitrogen (N2, 180 kg/hm²). We investigated the phenotypic data of rice leaf width in response to both low and normal nitrogen treatments at the maturity stage. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted by integrating the FarmCPU and MLM models. 【Result】By calculating the phenotypic ratio Q (N1/N2) of leaf width under low and normal nitrogen levels, we found that the Q value exhibited a normal distribution. A total of 100 significant loci were identified on 12 chromosomes through GWAS for the Q value, leading to the determination of 39 candidate QTLs. This included the cloned NUE-related genes OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42. Additionally, we identified superior haplotypes and potential advantageous haplotype combinations of the candidate genes OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42, which provide valuable resources and information for enhancing rice NUE. 【Conclusion】This study elucidated the genetic basis of rice leaf width under varying nitrogen treatments using GWAS and haplotype analysis. We identified candidate QTLs and genes associated with NUE, including OsNR1.2 and OsNAC42. Through haplotype analysis, we recognized advantageous haplotype combinations of these two genes, offering valuable resources and insights for the improvement of rice NUE. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Colored Rice WU Wanting, XU Qian, LIU Dantong, ZHU Changjin, DU Haotian, JU Haoran, HUO Zhongyang, DAI Qigen, LI Guohui, XU Ke Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 601-614.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.241206 Abstract （519）   HTML （22）    PDF （1641KB）（5439）       Knowledge map    Save Colored rice is rich in protein, amino acids, cellulose, and essential minerals for the human body. It also contains active substances such as anthocyanins, which have anti-aging, cancer prevention, and antiviral effects, making it widely valued by consumers. This review focuses on summarizing the nutritional and health value of colored rice, and summarizes the accumulation, biosynthesis, and regulation processes of anthocyanins in colored rice from the perspectives of physiological and molecular regulation, as well as the effects of cultivation conditions such as temperature, light, water, and fertilizer level on the accumulation of anthocyanins. Finally, future research directions for colored rice are discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Rice Quality of Ratoon Rice XIAO Wuwei, ZHU Chenguang, WANG Fei, XIONG Dongliang, HUANG Jianliang, PENG Shaobing, CUI Kehui Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (1): 33-46.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240412 Abstract （1469）   HTML （23）    PDF （1363KB）（4947）       Knowledge map    Save Ratoon rice is a green and efficient planting method that is significant for enhancing the profitability of rice cultivation and ensuring food security in China. Due to differences in growth environments and cultivation management practices, there are notable variations in rice quality between the main season and the ratoon season. Typically, the quality of rice in the ratoon season is superior to that of the main season. Factors such as ratooning characteristics, environmental temperature, and water and fertilizer management can influence rice quality by regulating source-sink relationships, the grain filling process, the synthesis of grain nutrients, and the physicochemical characteristics of starch granules. Numerous high-quality and high-yield rice varieties have been identified as suitable for ratoon rice cultivation, considering their ratooning capacity and yields. However, the quality of rice in both the main and ratoon seasons remains a limiting factor for ratoon rice production. This work briefly introduces the rice quality characteristics of the main and ratoon seasons and reviews the factors affecting the quality of ratoon rice and its cultivation regulations in terms of the formation process of rice quality. This review may lay a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality and high-yield ratoon rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Prospects for the Application of Gene Editing and Genomic Selection in Rice Breeding LIANG Chuyan, WU Mingming, HUANG Fengming, ZHAI Rongrong, YE Jing, ZHU Guofu, YU Faming, ZHANG Xiaoming, YE Shenghai Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 1-12.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230503 Abstract （985）   HTML （61）    PDF （324KB）（4772）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is the main grain crop in China. Due to large population and limited land resources in China, rice breeding goals have long been yield oriented. Chinese researchers have continuously achieved breakthroughs in rice breeding technology, and the adoption of dwarf breeding and hybrid rice breeding technology has resulted in two significant leaps in rice yield in China. However, with the improvement of living standards and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, higher demands have been placed on rice in terms of yield, quality, and resistance. At present, biotechnology is undergoing constant innovation, particularly with the rapid development of gene editing and genomic selection breeding technology. This progress is expected to provide robust support for the development of new rice varieties with high yield, superior quality, and resistance to multiple factors. It helps promote the green and sustainable development of rice production. This paper reviews the recent advancements in gene editing technology and genomic selection technology in rice breeding for high yield, superior quality, disease and insect resistance, stress tolerance, and heterosis. The goal is to provide breeding strategies for the efficient development of new varieties to meet demands. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Advances of Fragrance Substances in Rice ZHANG Laitong, YANG Le, LIU Hong, ZHAO Xueming, CHENG Tao, XU Zhenjiang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (2): 171-186.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240301 Abstract （1145）   HTML （49）    PDF （1042KB）（4594）       Knowledge map    Save The distinctive fragrance of rice is regarded as an invaluable trait, and fragrant rice commands a premium price in the market and is highly favored by consumers. The production of flavor is associated with mutations in the Bahd2 gene, which results in the inactivation of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to an increase in the 2-AP precursor substance and ultimately to the accumulation of 2-AP and the formation of flavor. Nevertheless, the genetic background of flavor production in rice and the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of flavor substance formation remain incompletely elucidated. This paper presents a summary of the genetic background, gene function, and synthesis pathway of fragrance substances that have been identified thus far. Furthermore, the status of rice breeding in recent years and the response of fragrant rice under different environmental conditions and cultivation techniques are comprehensively sorted out and summarized. This is done with the objective of providing a scientific reference for breeding new fragrant rice varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Allele Mining and Breeding Application of Grain Number per Panicle Gene Gn1a in Rice LIU Zhichao, CHANG Longxue, AI Xin, JIN Long, ZHANG Fengyong, LI Zhiyong, WANG Yifeng, TONG Xiaohong, HUANG Jie, ZHANG Jian, JIN Jian, YING Jiezheng Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (2): 220-230.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240105 Abstract （704）   HTML （44）    PDF （6499KB）（4283）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Based on advances in rice functional genomics, this study aimed to screen favorable alleles of the Gn1a gene controlling grain number per panicle, providing technical support for modern rice variety improvement. 【Method】Advanced genetic populations were developed through backcrossing and self-crossing for QTL mapping. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) were constructed to validate QTL effects. Target gene sequences were amplified and aligned, followed by designing functional markers for genotyping. 【Result】A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling secondary branch number and grains per panicle was co-localized with the Gn1a locus on chromosome 1 short arm. This mapping utilized four BC3F3 populations derived from crosses between the japonica donor parent Jizi 1560 and recurrent parents, including early indica varieties (Zhongjiazao 17, Zhongzao 39) and three-line restorer lines (Huazhan, R173). Sequence analysis revealed an unreported indica-specific allele (Gn1a-i) in Zhongjiazao 17 and Zhongzao 39, characterized by a ‌16-bp deletion in the 5' UTR‌ compared to the japonica allele (Gn1a-j). Comparative analyses of four near-isogenic line (NIL) populations confirmed that Gn1a-i significantly increased grains per panicle and yield. A functional marker (ZC51) targeting the 16-bp deletion was developed to genotype 39 rice materials, which were categorized into nine types: conventional early/late indica varieties, three-line maintainers/restorers, two-line sterile lines, northern/southern japonica varieties, landraces, and wild rice. All modern indica materials (cultivars and hybrid parents) carried Gn1a-i, whereas landraces and wild rice retained Gn1a-j. Notably, both southern and northern japonica varieties exhibited biallelic Gn1a-i and Gn1a-j‌. 【Conclusion】It was confirmed that Gn1a-i allele increased grain yield by increasing number of primary branches, secondary branches and grains per panicle. The favorable allele of Gn1a-i has great potentials in the improvement of japonica rice varieties, and the functional gene marker of ZC51 can be directly used in the marker-assisted selection of Gn1a. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Physiological，Biochemical Responses of Rice to Drought Stress and Its Molecular Regulation GUO Zhan, ZHANG Yunbo Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 335-349.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230410 Abstract （2133）   HTML （73）    PDF （452KB）（4126）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is one of the most important food crops globally, and its growth requires more water than many other crops. With global warming, drought has emerged as the main factor limiting crop yields. Therefore, based on recent research achievements, this paper summarizes the self-protection mechanisms of rice under drought stress. This includes aspects such as morphology (plant height, roots, leaves, number of tillers, and plant biomass), physiology (stomata, transpiration, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency), biochemistry (plant hormones, proline, other osmotic regulators, and antioxidants), and molecular biology (expression levels of drought resistance genes). The aim is to comprehensively understand rice's drought resistance mechanisms and provide a reference for breeding drought-resistant varieties Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Super-high Yield Characteristics of Two-line Hybrid Rice Zhuoliangyou 1126 LIU Huimin, ZHOU Jieqiang, HU Yuanyi, TIAN Yan, LEI Bin, LI Jianwu, WEI Zhongwei, TANG Wenbang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (2): 160-171.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230307 Abstract （898）   HTML （24）    PDF （5560KB）（4087）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Uncovering the yield potential of hybrid rice and cultivating ultra-high-yielding varieties is both a scientific challenge and a strategic approach for ensuring food security through “innovative application of agricultural technology to increase farmland productivity”. The focus is on analyzing the formation pattern of super-high yield in hybrid rice Zhuoliangyou 1126, with the small-grain sterile line Zhuo 201S as the female parent, aiming to lay theoretical support for breeding high-quality and high-efficiency super hybrid rice.【Method】In 2022, Zhuoliangyou 1126 and three super rice varieties (Liangyoupeijiu, Y Liangyou 900, and Xiangliangyou 900) were cultivated in Longhui County, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province. A systematic comparison was conducted on yield, yield components, dry matter accumulation, root system development, and lodging resistance between Zhuoliangyou 1126 and the three control varieties.【Result】Zhuoliangyou 1126 exhibited a significantly higher yield, with a 35.07% increase compared to Liangyoupeijiu, 17.84% compared to Y Liangyou 900, and 14.52% compared to Xiangliangyou 900. On the basis of stable 1,000-grain weight and seed setting rate, the yield increase in Zhuoliangyou 1126 was attributed to an increase in the total number of spikelets by striking a balance in the effective panicles and grains per panicle. Aboveground dry weight per stem, root dry weight, and root-shoot ratio of Zhuoliangyou 1126 were significantly higher than controls, indicating superior root system growth contributes to super-high yield formation. Zhuoliangyou 1126 exhibited moderate plant height, the total length of the basal three internodes, the length of the internodes under the panicle were both significantly higher than those of the controls, with the differences in the bending moment and bending resistance of the second node from the bottom between Zhuoliangyou 1126 and Xiangliangyou 900 being insignificant. Zhuoliangyou 1126 maintained strong lodging resistance together with increased plant height. Rice quality was rated Ministry Standard High Quality Grade 2, with a 5.53% yield increase under extreme high temperature compared to control Y Liangyou 1928. 【Conclusion】Zhuoliangyou 1126, maintaining stable thousand-grain weight and seed setting rate, significantly increases the total number of spikelets for super-high yield. The significant difference in grain size between the parents of Zhuoliangyou 1126 facilitates mechanized seed production through mixed sowing and harvesting, reducing seed production costs. Additionally, the 1,000-grain weight of small-grain sterile lines is only half that of conventional sterile lines. With the same seed production, the seeding area is doubled compared to conventional sterile lines, significantly cutting down the seed cost of hybrid rice. Therefore, Zhuoliangyou 1126, as a representative combination, exemplifies the “small grain seed, big grain rice” mode in its parentage, offering innovative solutions to current hybrid rice challenges and signaling a new development direction. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveals the Pathogenic Factors of Ustilaginoidea virens FU Rongtao, CHEN Cheng, WANG Jian, ZHAO Liyu, CHEN Xuejuan, LU Daihua Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (4): 375-385.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230603 Abstract （729）   HTML （25）    PDF （2750KB）（3923）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Rice false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a global fungal disease that severely impacts rice yield and quality. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind U. virens pathogenicity could inspire novel control strategies and molecular breeding for disease resistance. 【Method】 Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted on the initial symptomatic panicle nine days after inoculation (S) and uninoculated PXD25 mycelium (CK). The genome of strain UV-8b served as the reference for sequence alignment. Gene expression levels were quantified using fragments per kilobase per million fragments (FPKM), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using |LOG2 fold change|≥1 and q-value≤0.05 criteria. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) were identified with P≤0.05 and VIP≥1 thresholds. 【Result】 In the S vs. CK comparison, 6078 DEGs were identified. GO enrichment analyses revealed 3708 terms, and KEGG pathway analysis identified 110 metabolic pathways. Ninety-one transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 23 TF families, such as bZIP and C2H2, were among the DEGs. Significant enrichment of mitophagy, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism pathways was observed, with upregulation of DEGs in secondary metabolic pathways suggesting their crucial role in U. virens pathogenesis. Additionally, 392 DAMs were identified, including alanine, tyrosine, histidine, methionine, cysteine, and fatty acids (linoleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid), indicating their association with U. virens pathogenicity. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis highlighted enrichment in amino acid metabolic pathways (e.g., phenylalanine, tyrosine, cysteine, and methionine) and carbohydrate-related pathways (e.g., starch and sucrose). 【Conclusion】 DEGs involved in mitophagy, secondary metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, along with DAMs like alanine, tyrosine, histidine, methionine, cysteine, and fatty acids, are closely linked to U. virens pathogenicity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in Roles of Different Types of Histone Modifications in Responses of Rice to Abiotic Stresses HAO Wenqian, CAI Xingjing, YANG Haidong, WU Yuyang, TENG Xuan, XUE Chao, GONG Zhiyun Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 575-585.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250203 Abstract （567）   HTML （34）    PDF （1171KB）（3769）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the most important food crops in the world, the yield and quality of rice are directly related to global food security. However, rice often faces various abiotic stresses during growth, such as salt stress, drought, low and high temperatures, which seriously compromise the growth, development and yield of rice. In recent years, epigenetics research, especially the role of histone modifications in regulating stress tolerance responses of rice, has attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes the latest research progress in histone modifications in abiotic stress responses in rice, to provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement and stress resistance breeding of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Influencing Factors of Methane Production and Emission as Well as Emission Reduction Measures in Paddy Fields XIE Xianzhi, LIU Qihua, LI Xinhua, LI Weiping Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 475-494.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231102 Abstract （1049）   HTML （35）    PDF （1684KB）（3739）       Knowledge map    Save The emission of methane from paddy fields is regarded as one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions in agricultural production. Consequently, modern agricultural researchers are focusing on how to effectively reduce methane emissions without sacrificing grain yield in rice production. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding methane production, emission, and strategies for reducing emissions in paddy fields, based on current research findings. It clarifies the processes of methane production, oxidation, and emission, as well as the key influencing factors. The production and emission of methane are closely correlated with the physicochemical properties of soil (including pH, key enzyme activities, water content, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, and texture), rice varieties (including root morphology and activity, root exudation, aerenchyma, harvest index, and plant height), cultivation techniques (including crop rotation patterns, irrigation and fertilization management practices, and planting methods), and climate factors (including air temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, and UV-B radiation). In this review, management practices aiming at decreasing methane emissions are summarized from the perspectives of new variety breeding and comprehensive regulation methods: 1) Selecting evaluation parameters based on the differences in methane emission levels among various rice varieties and breeding new rice varieties that achieve high grain yield with low methane emissions; 2) Exploring new substances that can reduce methane emissions in paddy fields; 3) Investigating innovative technologies for low-carbon cycled cultivation and breeding of rice and fish systems that promote low-carbon circulation, enhance carbon fixation capacity, and reduce methane emissions in paddy soil, as well as the integration of multiple cultivation methods. Additionally, we should explore the pathways for reducing methane emissions in paddy fields according to different production environments in rice-growing regions and establish a high-efficiency comprehensive cultivation regulation system. Reasonable suggestions for future research directions regarding the reduction of methane emissions in paddy fields are presented. It is hoped that this paper will provide not only theoretical evidence for high-yield rice cultivation with lower methane emissions but also technical references for achieving the national "dual carbon" goals. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress in Biological Functions of SPL Family Transcription Factors in Rice HU Li, YANG Fanmin, CHEN Weilan, YUAN Hua Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (3): 223-232.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230308 Abstract （1614）   HTML （61）    PDF （1349KB）（3622）       Knowledge map    Save SPL (Squamosa Promoter-binding protein-like) family proteins are plant specific multifunctional transcription factors. There are 19 OsSPL genes in rice, all of which contain a highly conserved SBP domain, which is responsible for binding to the core motif GTAC of the downstream target gene to regulate the target gene expression. The expression of OsSPL is regulated by OsmiR156/529/535 and various factors. Studies have shown that OsSPL plays important roles in many biological processes of rice, including root development, ligule and auricles development, the formation of plant architecture and panicle morphology, grain development and stress response, and is a regulatory hub for rice growth and development. In this review, we summarized the research progress of the OsSPL family in rice, including its phylogenetic evolution, structural characteristics, expression regulation and biological functions, and the research prospects were also discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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QTL Mapping for Tiller Angle in Rice by Genome-wide Association Analysis ZHU Yujing, GUI Jinxin, GONG Chengyun, LUO Xinyang, SHI Jubin, ZHANG Haiqing, HE Jiwai Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (3): 266-276.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230904 Abstract （754）   HTML （23）    PDF （6018KB）（3621）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Tiller angle is a critical agronomic trait influencing rice yield. Identifying rice tiller angle QTL (genes) and detecting their elite haplotypes can be beneficial for developing ideal rice varieties. 【Method】333 core germplasms from the rice 3K resources were utilized as research materials. These germplasms were cultivated in Yunyuan and Chunhua of Hunan Agricultural University in 2020 and 2022, respectively. Tiller angles of various germplasms were measured during the heading stage. Genome-wide association analysis was conducted using the MLM model of TASSEL 5.2, combined with the genotypes of the germplasms. 【Results】Six QTL for tiller angle were identified on rice chromosomes 2, 5, 6, 9, and 12, designated as qTA2, qTA5, qTA6.1, qTA6.2, qTA9, and qTA12, respectively. These QTL explained phenotypic variation ranging from 6.23% to 16.22%. Notably, qTA9 co-localized with the major QTL TAC1 for tiller angle, while the other five QTL were newly discovered. Candidate gene analysis was conducted for these five QTL. The candidate genes for qTA2 and qTA6.1 were identified as Os02g0817900 and Os06g0682800, respectively. Os02g0817900 encodes a rice cytochrome P450 family protein, while Os06g0682800 encodes a zinc finger domain protein.【Conclusion】This study successfully identified new QTL for tiller angle in rice and analyzed candidate genes, offering valuable insights for the cloning of tiller angle QTL (genes) and genetic improvement of tiller angle in rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Straw Return Rate on Soil Reducing Substances and Rice Growth Under Different Soil Conditions PENG Xianlong, DONG Qiang, ZHANG Chen, LI Pengfei, LI Bolin, LIU Zhilei, YU Cailian Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (2): 198-210.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230404 Abstract （846）   HTML （39）    PDF （11197KB）（3375）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The study investigates the formation of reductive substances following rice straw incorporation and its impact on rice growth across different soil types.【Method】A two-year pot experiment simulated full straw incorporation at low (RL), medium (RM), and high (RH) rates on sandy loam (S1) and silty loam (S2) soils, with no straw incorporation (R0) as the control. Total soil reducing substances, Eh, ferrous ions, manganese ions, and ammonium nitrogen contents were measured, alongside analyses of rice tillering, root dry weight, root vigor, and rice yield.【Results】Soil Eh decreased significantly, and the concentrations of reducing substances increased after straw incorporation, with S2 exhibiting higher levels than S1. Compared to the control, straw incorporation up to 56 days after transplanting in 2021 increased the levels of total reducing substances, Fe, and Mn by 8.36%−199.64%, 1.43%−160.03%, and 8.43%− 57.68%, respectively. Similar increases occurred before 45 days after transplanting in 2022, ranging from 2.95% to 163.61%, 0.77% to 19.74%, and 3.28% to 64.96%. There was a positive correlation between straw incorporation and the levels of total reducing substances, Fe, and Mn. Straw incorporation significantly elevated soil ammonium N content by 11.28%−50.67% and 10.79%−351.53% before 56 days (2021) and 35 days (2022) after transplanting, respectively. Root dry weight at the tillering and jointing stages decreased by 15.06%−45.80% due to straw incorporation. In S1 soil, RL and RM increased root vigor at the jointing stage, while RH decreased root vigor on S2 soil. The number of rice tillers and dry matter accumulation decreased by 7.23%−48.44% and 3.59%−43.57%, respectively, during the rice reproductive period after straw incorporation. Rice yield was not significantly affected in the second year of RL and RM treatments, whereas RH treatment significantly reduced yield in both years. S1 exhibited higher oxidation-reduction potential than S2, with S2 displaying higher levels of reducing substances, manganese ions, ammonium nitrogen, root dry weight, root activity, tiller number, dry matter accumulation, and yield.【Conclusion】Straw incorporation increases the early-stage content of reducing substances and inhibits rice growth in cold areas. The impact of straw return on rice yield varies with soil type, with significant yield reductions observed on sticky soil following straw incorporation. Medium straw incorporation does not significantly affect the number of tillers but promotes the formation of larger panicle without reducing yield significantly. Optimizing straw incorporation technology requires effective measures to mitigate the negative effects of reducing substances. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sterility Mechanism of Photoperiod/Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines and Development and Prospects of Two-line Hybrid Rice WANG Yichen, ZHU Benshun, ZHOU Lei, ZHU Jun, YANG Zhongnan Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 463-474.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.231008 Abstract （1192）   HTML （30）    PDF （1010KB）（3116）       Knowledge map    Save This review documented the research progress of two-line hybrid rice in China, and introduced germplasm resources of photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (P/TGMS) lines in two-line hybrid rice breeding. We also summarized various genetic and cellular mechanisms of P/TGMS in plants, and suggestions were proposed for the genetic resource optimization and breeding strategies of P/TGMS lines in two-line hybrid rice breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and Application of Specific Molecular Markers for Eight Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Rice YANG Hao, HUANG Yanyan, WANG Jian, YI Chunlin, SHI Jun, TAN Chutian, REN Wenrui, WANG Wenming Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (5): 525-534.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230811 Abstract （805）   HTML （25）    PDF （2859KB）（3045）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】To elucidate the composition of blast resistance genes in rice parents and facilitate their effective utilization in rice resistance breeding, it’s crucial to develop molecular markers that transcend genetic background limitations. These molecular markers can accurately discern resistance genes in parents, serving as essential tools for marker-assisted breeding.【Method】By comparing the coding sequence of each Resistance gene with allelic genes in 155 rice resources, nucleotide polymorphism sites within each resistance gene were identified. Primer pairs for molecular markers were then developed targeting the most specific polymorphism sites.【Results】Effective molecular markers were successfully developed for eight resistance genes: Pit, Pish, Pib, Pid3, Pi5, Pia, Pi54, and Pita2/Ptr. These markers were validated through examination using multiple positive and negative controls or gene sequencing. Subsequently, these markers were utilized to identify the resistance gene composition in 109 breeding parent lines commonly used in the Sichuan Basin. Results revealed that the Pia gene was absent in these parent lines, while Pit, Pish, Pi54, Pid3, Ptr/Pita2, Pi5, and Pib genes were present in 3.67%, 13.76%, 14.68%, 18.35%, 24.77%, 26.61%, and 38.53% of lines, respectively. Furthermore, 21.10% of the rice parent lines lacked these resistance genes, 35.78% possessed one resistance gene, and 43.12% harbored two to four resistance genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mapping of Grain Shape QTLs Using RIL Population from Longdao 5/Zhongyouzao 8 HOU Benfu, YANG Chuanming, ZHANG Xijuan, YANG Xianli, WANG Lizhi, WANG Jiayu, LI Hongyu, JIANG Shukun Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2024, 38 (1): 13-24.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2024.230602 Abstract （600）   HTML （29）    PDF （2738KB）（2591）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Grain shape significantly influences the yield, quality, and commercial value of rice. This study aimed to identify Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) controlling grain shape using a rice recombinant inbred line population, thereby facilitating the mining of rice grain shape genes and the breeding of long-grain japonica rice. 【Method】 A population of 176 recombinant inbred lines was developed by crossing the japonica super rice variety Longdao 5 (LD5) with short round grain and the early maturing indica rice variety Zhongyouzao 8(ZYZ8) with long slender grain. Grain shape traits, including grain length(GL), grain width(GW), grain length to width ratio(LWR), and grain thickness(GT), were measured for three years using Smart Grain software, and the interrelationship between these traits was analyzed. Complete Interval Mapping (CIM) and Multi-Environment Trials (MET) were employed for QTL mapping and comparative analysis. 【Result】 Eight QTLs, comprising three for grain length (qGL3, qGL7, and qGL11), two for grain width (qGW3 and qGW5), two for grain thickness (qGT3 and qGT6), and one for grain length to width ratio (qLWR3), were identified on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 7, and 11 using the CIM method. These QTLs explained 4.69%−18.89% of the phenotypic variation, with an LOD range from 2.52 to 8.74. Additionally, qGL3, qGL7, qGW3, qGW5, and qLWR3 were consistently detected over three years. Fourteen QTLs, including four for grain length, two for grain width, three for grain thickness, and five for grain length to width ratio, were detected on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 11 using the MET method. These QTLs explained 2.28%−15.78% of the phenotypic variation, with an LOD range from 4.20 to 20.90. Comparison with cloned grain shape genes revealed the proximity of qGL3/qLWR3a to GL3.1, qGW5 to GW5, and qLWR3b/qGT3 to TGW3. 【Conclusion】 A total of 8 and 14 grain shape QTLs were identified using the CIM and MET methods, respectively, including three cloned grain shape genes (GL3.1, TGW3, and GW5). Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）