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Research Progress in Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Colored Rice WU Wanting, XU Qian, LIU Dantong, ZHU Changjin, DU Haotian, JU Haoran, HUO Zhongyang, DAI Qigen, LI Guohui, XU Ke Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 601-614.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.241206 Abstract （519）   HTML （22）    PDF （1641KB）（5439）       Knowledge map    Save Colored rice is rich in protein, amino acids, cellulose, and essential minerals for the human body. It also contains active substances such as anthocyanins, which have anti-aging, cancer prevention, and antiviral effects, making it widely valued by consumers. This review focuses on summarizing the nutritional and health value of colored rice, and summarizes the accumulation, biosynthesis, and regulation processes of anthocyanins in colored rice from the perspectives of physiological and molecular regulation, as well as the effects of cultivation conditions such as temperature, light, water, and fertilizer level on the accumulation of anthocyanins. Finally, future research directions for colored rice are discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in Roles of Different Types of Histone Modifications in Responses of Rice to Abiotic Stresses HAO Wenqian, CAI Xingjing, YANG Haidong, WU Yuyang, TENG Xuan, XUE Chao, GONG Zhiyun Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 575-585.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250203 Abstract （567）   HTML （34）    PDF （1171KB）（3769）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the most important food crops in the world, the yield and quality of rice are directly related to global food security. However, rice often faces various abiotic stresses during growth, such as salt stress, drought, low and high temperatures, which seriously compromise the growth, development and yield of rice. In recent years, epigenetics research, especially the role of histone modifications in regulating stress tolerance responses of rice, has attracted increasing attention. This review summarizes the latest research progress in histone modifications in abiotic stress responses in rice, to provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement and stress resistance breeding of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development and Application of Functional Markers for Purity Identification of Wild-abortive Three-line Hybrid Rice ZHANG Mengke, LU Jiayu, HE Jin, XU Xue, WU Shuang, WANG Peiran, CHEN Ruofan, JIN Qing, WANG Xiufeng Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2026, 40 (2): 244-252.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250204 Abstract （190）   HTML （10）    PDF （1575KB）（2570）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Developing stable, efficient, and reliable markers for purity testing of three-line hybrid seeds is crucial for current hybrid rice seed production. 【Method】 Based on the specific sequences of the wild abortive-type sterility gene WA352, the major fertility-restoring gene Rf4, and the internal reference gene Actin, multiple single-gene detection markers were designed. PCR amplification was then performed by optimizing the primer mixture ratio. 【Result】 A mixture of primers WA352-2, Rf4-3, and Actin-3 in a ratio of 1:11:3 enabled simultaneous detection of the genotypes of WA352, Rf4, and Actin in a single PCR reaction, allowing differentiation among wild abortive-type CMS lines, restorer lines, maintainer lines, and hybrids. 【Conclusion】 The detection method established in this study is simple to perform and yields stable and reliable results. It can not only identify genotypes in wild-abortive three-line rice but also serve as an effective tool for molecular marker-assisted breeding. By improving the accuracy of purity assessment during breeding, this method provides strong support for achieving high-yield and high-quality rice breeding objectives in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Directed Improvement of Hybrid Rice Zhuoliangyou 1126 by Heavy Ion Beam Mutagenesis Based on M1TDS Targeted Screening Technology SHAO Ye, HU Yuanyi, PENG Yan, MAO Bigang, LIU Huimin, TANG Chanjuan, LEI Bin, TANG Li, YU Lixia, LI Wenjian, LUO Wuzhong, LUO Zhibin, YUAN Yuantao, LI Yaokui, ZHANG Dan, ZHOU Libin, BAI Lianyang, TANG Wenbang, ZHAO Bingran Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 624-634.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240106 Abstract （516）   HTML （11）    PDF （2114KB）（2351）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】Using the two-line hybrid rice Zhuoliangyou 1126 as the base variety, we aimed to rapidly develop upgraded varieties with traits such as low cadmium accumulation, fragrance, storage tolerance, submergence tolerance, and a low glycemic index.【Method】Zhuo 234S and Xiangnonghui 1126, the parental lines of Zhuoliangyou 1126, were mutagenized using heavy-ion beams. Chimeric mutants of the OsNRAMP5, OsBADH2, OsLOX3, OsPAO5, OsSSIIIa, and OsBEIIb genes were identified in the M1 generation via M1TDS technology. Mutations in the target genes were further detected and isolated in the M2 generation using Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping. Hybrid rice with low cadmium accumulation was developed by crossing parents carrying OsNRAMP5 mutations.【Results】A total of 13 chimeric mutants involving six target genes were identified in the M1 generation. Among these, seven were confirmed to carry homozygous or heterozygous mutations in the M2 generation. The cadmium content in OsNRAMP5 homozygous mutants was significantly lower than in the wild type, while the content of the aromatic compound 2-acetylpyrroline (2-AP) was significantly higher in OsBADH2 homozygous mutants. When the low-cadmium hybrid rice derived from OsNRAMP5-mutated parents was pot-grown in cadmium-contaminated soil (available Cd: 0.677 mg/kg, pH 5.6), the cadmium content in grains remained consistently below 0.05 mg/kg, compared to 0.91 mg/kg in the wild-type control.【Conclusion】The combination of heavy-ion beam mutagenesis and M1TDS technology enabled the rapid improvement of traits such as low cadmium accumulation in Zhuoliangyou 1126. This study provides a successful example and a general technical reference for transitioning from traditional mutagenesis breeding to directed mutagenesis breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Assembly, Codon Usage Bias, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Chloroplast Genome of Oryza meyeriana LI Rongxin, WANG Bo, XIAO Suqin, YIN Fuyou, ZHANG Jianhong, ZHONG Qiaofang, CHEN Ling, LI Jinlu, YANG Hesheng, CHENG Zaiquan, LIU Li Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (6): 801-812.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240612 Abstract （283）   HTML （7）    PDF （2031KB）（2141）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Oryza meyeriana, which is shade-tolerant and retains many primitive traits, is the only xerophytic type of wild rice in the genus Oryza. This study aims to enrich the genetic foundation of O. meyeriana and provide reference for vector construction of its superior genes. 【Methods】 The chloroplast genome of Yunnan O. meyeriana was sequenced using second-generation sequencing technology, followed by assembly and annotation. Codon usage bias and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed with RStudio and MEGA. 【Results】 The results showed that the total length of the chloroplast genome was 135,937 bp, with a GC content of 39.0%. The average effective number of codons(ENC) value was 48.09, indicating weak codon usage bias. ENC-plot, PR2-plot, and neutral plot analyses revealed that selection pressure plays a major role in shaping the chloroplast codon usage bias in Oryza meyeriana, and that this bias mainly regulates genes involved in self-replication and the photosynthetic system. A total of 16 optimal codons were identified, among which 14 ended with A/U and 2 ended with G/C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the chloroplast genome showed that Oryza meyeriana is closely related to O. brachyantha.【Conclusion】 This study enriches our understanding of the genomic composition and genetic information of Oryza meyeriana. The findings provide a basis for mining favorable genes related to photosynthesis and for investigating the evolution of wild rice species. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mutagenesis and Creation of Photoperiod/Thermo-sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines ZHU Jun1, YANG Yanming1, YANG Zhongnan1, 2 Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250613 Accepted: 25 September 2025

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Identification of QTLs for Seed Storability in Dongxiang Wild Rice by Integrating BSA-Seq and QTL Analysis WANG Shilin, WU Ting, ZHOU Shiqi, SONG Siming, HU Biaolin Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (6): 789-800.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240807 Abstract （347）   HTML （14）    PDF （1690KB）（1369）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The storage of rice seeds is crucial for ensuring food security and supporting sustainable agricultural production. Mining more genetic resources associated with seed storability is conducive to laying a genetic foundation for developing new storage-tolerant varieties.【Method】 Using Dongxiang wild rice accession Dongye 80 as the donor and cultivated rice R974 as the recurrent parent, two sets of BC₃F₇ populations—backcross recombinant inbred lines (BILs) consisting of 364 lines and single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) consisting of 84 lines—were constructed. Germination rates were recorded after artificial aging treatment. QTL mapping and BSA-seq analysis were integrated to identify QTLs for seed storability from Dongxiang wild rice. Candidate genes were further predicted using gene annotation, GO enrichment analysis, and gene sequencing.【Result】 A total of nine QTLs for seed storability were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, and 11 using SSSLs, designated qSS1.1, qSS1.2, qSS2.1, qSS2.2, qSS3, qSS6, qSS7, qSS9.1, and qSS11, with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 1.60% to 17.82%. Seven of these QTLs carried favorable alleles from Dongye 80, among which qSS7 and qSS11 were novel. Meanwhile, BSA-seq analysis using BILs identified 37 genomic regions associated with seed storability on chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11. The qSS7 interval was consistently detected by both methods and was narrowed down to a 480.1 kb overlapping region. In addition, qSS4 and qSS9.2 were delimited to overlapping regions of 199.7 kb and 177.8 kb, respectively. By integrating annotation information, GO enrichment, and gene sequencing, LOC_Os04g31040 and LOC_Os04g31070, LOC_Os07g07930, and LOC_Os09g15800 and LOC_Os09g15835 were proposed as candidate genes for qSS4, qSS7, and qSS9.2, respectively.【Conclusion】 In this study, nine and 37 QTLs for seed storability were identified by QTL mapping and BSA-seq analysis, respectively. Candidate genes for qSS4, qSS7, and qSS9.2 were further inferred. Notably, the favorable alleles of qSS4 and qSS9.2 from Dongye 80 significantly enhanced seed storability. Analysis of the candidate genes for qSS4 and qSS9.2 provides a foundation for cloning seed storability genes from Dongxiang wild rice and utilizing them in genetic improvement of cultivated rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of SNP Loci for Rice Variety Authenticity Verification XU Qun, WANG Shan, YUAN Xiaoping, JIN Shiqiao, JIN Fang, HAO Wanjun, WU Xiaobi, FENG Yue, YU Hanyong, SUN Yanfei, YANG Yaolong, WEI Xinghua Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 635-642.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.241114 Abstract （519）   HTML （36）    PDF （1365KB）（1332）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 A highly discriminative combination of SNP loci is crucial for developing efficient, accurate, and cost-effective rice variety verification technologies, which can be widely applied in seed regulation, variety breeding and other fields.【Method】 This study established fingerprints for 1,383 inbred and 2,702 hybrid rice varieties using the 96 SNP panel from the agricultural industry standard, designated RGIsnp96.【Result】 The results demonstrated that RGIsnp96 exhibited high polymorphism and strong discriminative power for variety identification. For 1,387 inbred varieties, the heterozygous rate, average polymorphic information content (PIC), and average minor allele frequency (MAF) of SNPs in RGIsnp96 were 0.03, 0.30, and 0.27, respectively. For 2702 hybrid varieties, the corresponding values were 0.39, 0.30, and 0.29, respectively. The identification rates, represented by the proportion of distinguishable variety pairs, for inbred and hybrid rice varieties were 99.94% and 99.99%, respectively. A good equivalence between RGIsnp96 and 48 SSRs in agricultural industry standards (designated RGIssr48 in the following) was evaluated by comparing similarities of variety pairs measured by the two marker sets for both inbred and hybrid varieties. Furthermore, combining RGIsnp96 and RGIssr48, representing different types of markers, could generate better results than using a single type of marker for differentiating certain inbred rice varieties, and corresponding strategies were recommended.【Conclusion】 RGIsnp96 demonstrates exceptional capability in rice variety identification, providing robust technical support for improving rice seed quality, regulating the seed market order, and safeguarding farmers' rights and interests. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fertilization Effects of Different Exogenous Organic Materials in Newly Reclaimed Cultivated Land and Its Optimization of Evaluation Indicators YOU Saiya, WANG Xinya, QIN Birong, CAI Wenyan, ZHU Lianfeng, KONG Yali, ZHU Chunquan, TIAN Wenhao, ZHANG Junhua, JIN Qianyu, CAO Xiaochuang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 690-702.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240720 Abstract （405）   HTML （12）    PDF （1324KB）（1107）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】The effects of different exogenous organic materials on soil fertility improvement in newly reclaimed hilly red soil and yellow clayey soil, as well as their minimum data set (MDS) based on the soil quality index (SQI), were investigated to provide theoretical and technical support for soil fertility cultivation in newly reclaimed farmland. 【Method】The experiment included seven fertilization treatments: no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizers (NPK) + 2250 kg/hm² straw (NPKS1), NPK + 4500 kg/hm² straw (NPKS2), NPK + 3000 kg/hm² decomposed straw-livestock manure (NPKSM), NPK + 1773 kg/hm² woody peat (NPKW1), and NPK + 3546 kg/hm² woody peat (NPKW2). Parameters including rice yield, soil aggregate structure, various forms of carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and enzyme activities were measured. The MDS for soil quality evaluation was selected, and the evaluation indicators were further optimized and validated.【Result】1) Compared with NPK, NPKSM significantly increased the proportion of large soil aggregates, mean weight diameter, soil organic matter, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and activities of soil enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and [β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG)] in the hilly red soil. In the yellow clayey soil, NPKS2 significantly increased the contents of easily oxidizable organic carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, while NPKW2 significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, particulate organic carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon. 2) Principal component analysis showed that the mean weight diameter, ammonium nitrogen, and mineral-associated organic carbon constituted the MDS for soil quality evaluation in the hilly red soil, while the MDS for the yellow clayey soil consisted of the soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, mineral-associated organic carbon, and NAG activity. 3) SQI evaluation based on the total data set (TDS) and MDS indicated that the SQI of NPKSM in the hilly red soil, and of NPKS2 and NPKW2 in the yellow clayey soil, were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. 4)Regression analysis showed that the SQI evaluated based on the TDS and MDS were significantly and positively correlated in both soil types, demonstrating that the MDS can serve as an effective indicator for evaluating the fertilization effects of different organic materials.【Conclusion】The fertilization effects and evaluation indicators varied significantly among fertilization modes and soil types. The application of decomposed straw-livestock manure improved the SQI of the hilly red soil by significantly increasing organic matter, easily oxidizable organic carbon content, enzyme activities (BG and NAG), and aggregate stability, while woody peat enhanced soil quality mainly by increasing organic matter and mineral-associated organic carbon in the yellow clayey soil. In conclusion, the application of 3000 kg/hm² decomposed straw-livestock manure and 3546 kg/hm² woody peat can be recommended as suitable organic fertilization practices for newly reclaimed hilly red soil and yellow clayey soil, respectively. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Modifying Heading Date of Nanjing 46 via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Genome Editing CHEN Wei, YE Yuanmei, ZHAO Jianhua, FENG Zhiming, CHEN Zongxiang, HU Keming, ZUO Shimin Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (6): 760-770.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240707 Abstract （320）   HTML （7）    PDF （2072KB）（825）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Heading date is a key agronomic trait determining the regional and ecological adaptation of rice cultivars. We edited the heading date genes of the medium-maturing late japonica rice variety Nanjing 46 (NJ46) with excellent tasting to shorten its heading date thereby potentially expanding its planting area.【Method】 Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the editing constructs, pCAMBIA1305-Actin:Cas9-sgRNADTH8 and pCAMBIA1305-Actin:Cas9-sgRNAGhd2 targeting DTH8 and Ghd2, respectively, were developed and transformed into NJ46 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Homozygous editing lines without exogenous components were screened and evaluated on heading date, agronomic traits and quality-related traits. 【Result】 Three homozygous mutant lines were obtained. The NJ46-dth8 lines (NJ46-dth8-1 to -3) presented 22-36 days earlier than NJ46 on heading date, while the NJ46-ghd2 lines (NJ46-ghd2-1 to -3) showed 14-15 days earlier. The heading date, major agronomic traits, and quality related components of the homozygous mutant lines were evaluated in different areas of central and northern regions of Jiangsu Province, and compared with the widely cultivated varieties Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 518 in their respectively ecological zones. NJ46-ghd2-1 exhibited a significantly higher yield per plant than Nanjing 9108, while showing comparable heading date and quality traits, and performed better than the other two knockout lines. NJ46-dth8-1 showed no significant differences from Nanjing 518 in yield per plant and major quality traits, and performed better than the other two knockout lines.【Conclusion】 Knockout of DTH8 and Ghd2 genes in NJ46 yielded new germplasms suitable for planting in the northern and central region of Jiangsu Province, respectively, which will help expand the planting area of this excellent-tasting rice variety. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in Molecular Mechanism and Breeding Application of Heading Date Regulation in Rice YANG Dabing, DU Xueshu, LI Jinbo, XIA Mingyuan, HU Liang, SHI Huan, WAN Bingliang Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2026, 40 (2): 145-154.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250706 Abstract （314）   HTML （29）    PDF （1085KB）（766）       Knowledge map    Save Heading date, a pivotal agronomic trait determining rice production seasons and regional adaptability, is fundamental for breeding high-yield cultivars tailored to specific ecological environments. In recent years, numerous genes controlling heading date in rice have been cloned, and their functional mechanisms have been increasingly elucidated. Consequently, the molecular regulatory network governing heading date has become progressively refined. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms regulating rice heading date, with a focus on the photoperiodic regulatory network, and discusses its applications in breeding practices. It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of heading date and ecological adaptability breeding in rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Experiment of a Direct Seeding Machine with Synchronous Mulching of Powdery Organic Materials LIU Dibin, CHEN Xiongfei, FANG Peng, YU Jiajia, XIAO Liping, LIU Muhua, ZENG Bohan, CHEN Chenchen Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2026, 40 (3): 414-424.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250601 Abstract （109）   HTML （4）    PDF （1761KB）（759）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 To address the issues of poor seedling establishment and uneven population growth in direct-seeded rice in southern China, caused by rice seeds are sown on the soil surface after mechanized direct seeding and are subsequently affected by climatic and ecological conditions. 【Methods】 Based on the principle of simultaneous coverage of rice seeds with powdered organic materials, theoretical analysis of a cam-plate metering and application device was conducted. The key parameters of the cam, discharge rotor, material push plate, and discharge apparatus were determined, and a powdered organic material discharge apparatus was designed. Bench tests were carried out. A prototype rice direct seeder with simultaneous powdered organic material coverage was fabricated, and its field performance was validated through field experiments. 【Results】 The results showed that for the powdered organic materials [organic fertilizer, seedling nursery substrate, nutrient soil A, and nutrient soil B (a 2:1 mixture of nutrient soil A and organic fertilizer)], the coefficient of variation for application rate was below 7.80% at rotational speeds of 33-118 r/min, indicating good application stability. Due to the characteristics of the materials, the coverage thickness gradually decreased with increasing rotational speed, but remained stable. When applying the seedling nursery substrate, the coefficient of variation for coverage thickness fluctuated within a relatively large range of 9.41%-18.67%. When applying organic fertilizer, nutrient soil A, and nutrient soil B, the coefficient of variation for coverage thickness was below 15% in all cases, meeting the agronomic requirements for simultaneous coverage of rice seeds with powdered organic materials. Regression equations for coverage thickness were established, all with fitting degrees exceeding 0.95. Field experiment results showed that for the rice varieties Zhongjiazao 17 and Wufengyou 286, the average emergence rates under the coverage treatment increased by 19.59% and 22.65%, respectively, compared with the non-covered treatment. 【Conclusion】 This apparatus improves the mechanized level of rice cultivation and provide a reference for the design of complete rice direct seeding machines with simultaneous powdered organic material coverage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Yield Formation and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Machine-transplanted Late-season Rice with Short Growth Duration LI Xing, ZHANG Ruichun, CHEN Ge, XIE Jiaxin, XIAO Zhengwu, CAO Fangbo, CHEN Jiana, HUANG Min Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (6): 863-872.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.250106 Abstract （314）   HTML （14）    PDF （1399KB）（739）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the high-yield formation and photosynthetic properties of early-season rice varieties used as short growth duration late-season rice under machine-transplanted conditions. The findings are expected to lay a theoretical basis for breeding short growth duration late-season rice varieties and promoting their large-area, high-yield cultivation. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023 in Yong'an Town, Liuyang City, Hunan Province. Two early-season varieties, Zhongjiazao 17 and Zhongzao 39, which show significant yield differences, were used as experimental materials. Their yield, yield components, dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and canopy structure were measured when grown as short growth duration late-season rice under machine-transplanted conditions. 【Result】 Averaged over the three years, the yield of Zhongzao 39 was 19.76% higher than that of Zhongjiazao 17. In terms of yield components, the 1000-grain weight of Zhongzao 39 was significantly higher (by 7.60%) than that of Zhongjiazao 17. Regarding dry matter production, Zhongzao 39 accumulated 12.24% more of total dry matter than Zhongjiazao 17, mainly due to its stronger pre-heading dry matter production capacity. Zhongzao 39 exhibited stronger early vigor, superior leaf photosynthetic performance at heading, and a better canopy structure during the vegetative growth stage. Specifically, at the heading stage, its net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a and b contents, total chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen content, and specific leaf weight were 10.38% to 29.04% higher than those of Zhongjiazao 17. Furthermore, canopy structure indicators—including pre-heading crop growth rate, leaf area duration, radiation use efficiency, and leaf area index at heading—were 17.80% to 25.95% higher in Zhongzao 39 than those in Zhongjiazao 17. 【Conclusion】 Under machine-transplanted conditions, short growth duration late-season rice varieties characterized by high 1000-grain weight, strong early vigor, and enhanced photosynthetic capacity at the heading stage demonstrate greater yield potential. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Exogenous miR3979 on Chemotaxis, Infection and Development of Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in Rice YANG Xingzhou, CUI Miaomiao, WEI Lihui, GU Aiguo, LI Dongxia, LE Xiuhu, FENG Hui Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 703-710.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240906 Abstract （336）   HTML （3）    PDF （1263KB）（732）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】miR3979-3p is involved in rice responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Its expression is downregulated in root tissues infected by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of miR3979-3p in the interaction between M. graminicola and rice.【Method】Rice roots were treated with artificially synthesized double-stranded miR3979 (ds-miR3979) via root soaking. Endogenous miR3979-3p expression levels were quantified using qPCR. Chemotaxis and infectivity of second-stage juveniles (J2s) were assessed through plate inoculation and tissue staining. The effects of ds-miR3979 treatment on root gall formation and nematode development were evaluated using pot inoculation assays.【Result】Treatment with 100-800 nmol/L ds-miR3979 for 12-24 h had no significant effect on J2 motility. Compared with ddH₂O-treated controls, root soaking with 400 nmol/L ds-miR3979 for 12-24 h significantly upregulated miR3979-3p expression in both roots and leaves of rice seedlings at the seedling emergence and three-leaf stages. Continuous microscopic observation revealed reduced chemotactic movement of J2s toward root tips within 2-8 h, with significantly fewer nematodes aggregating around root tips. Plate inoculation showed a decrease in the number of nematodes penetrating roots at 1-3 days post-inoculation (dpi). Pot inoculation assays demonstrated significant reductions in root gall number, number of females within roots, and proportion of females at 7-21 dpi, along with delayed female development.【Conclusion】Artificially synthesized ds-miR3979 can be taken up by rice plants, upregulating endogenous miR3979-3p expression, thereby inhibiting M. graminicola infection and female development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design and Validation of an Assistance Steering System for Wheeled Tractors in Field Path Tracking LIANG Jinxiong, FENG Yanyi, XIAO Maohua, WANG faan, SHEN Cheng, XU Wenxiang, MENG Weiguo Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250603 Accepted: 25 September 2025

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Cloning of Cold6 Conferring Cold Tolerance in Rice TAO Shibo, XU Na, XU Zhengjin, LIU Chang, XU Quan Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (6): 751-759.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240709 Abstract （419）   HTML （14）    PDF （1726KB）（687）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 Exploring cold-tolerant germplasm and identifying cold-tolerant genes are essential strategies to mitigate cold stress in rice. 【Method】 We treated the japonica rice variety Sasanishiki with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) to select mutants exhibiting enhanced cold tolerance at the seed germination stage. Candidate genes underwent cloning and functional analysis using fine mapping, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, expression profiling, and haplotype analysis. 【Result】 We identified the mutant M34, which displayed markedly improved cold tolerance at the seed germination stage. Genetic analysis suggested that a single recessive gene governs this trait. Fine mapping pinpointed Cold6 as the target gene. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Cold6 confirmed its role in regulating cold tolerance during germination. Cold6 expression was observed in all rice organs, peaking in the panicles, and it encodes a protein containing several functional domains, including SNF2. Evolutionary analysis indicated differentiation of Cold6 between indica and japonica varieties, with haplotype analysis revealing 10 distinct Cold6 haplotypes. The predominant haplotypes are I-III; haplotype I is prevalent in japonica rice, whereas II and III are common in indica rice. 【Conclusion】 This study identified Cold6 as a novel regulator of cold tolerance in rice at the seed germination stage, encoding an SNF2 protein. Investigating the molecular mechanism of Cold6 enhances our understanding of the SNF2 gene family's role in rice, offering a theoretical foundation and germplasm resources for breeding cold-tolerant, high-yield northern japonica rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Regulation of Amylose Content in Rice by Editing Wx Using CBE Base Editor CHEN Yuye, JIAO Xiaozhen, WANG Jian, WANG Kejian, CHEN Feng, ZHU Keming, LIU Chaolei Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (6): 771-778.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240705 Abstract （356）   HTML （12）    PDF （1143KB）（686）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 The Wx gene, a key regulator of amylose synthesis in rice, encodes a granule-bound starch synthase and plays a crucial role in determining the amylose content, thereby directly influencing the quality traits of rice. 【Method】 We used the CBE base editor to introduce base substitutions within the first exon of the Wx gene in Shendao18 variety, resulting in two distinct mutation types: GCCCCC→GCCCTT and GCCCCC→GCTCTC. Both mutations led to the substitution of proline with leucine at position 94 of the Wx protein, designated as WxP94L-1 and WxP94L-2 respectively. 【Result】 Field experiments demonstrated that compared to the wild type, both WxP94L-1 and WxP94L-2 plants exhibited no significant differences in plant height, tiller number per plant, panicle length, grain morphology or 1000-grain weight. Rice quality analysis revealed that the amylose content decreased from 14.9% (wild type) to 12.5% (WxP94L-1) and 12.1% (WxP94L-2), while traits such as viscosity, alkali spreading value and protein content showed no significant change compared to the wild type. 【Conclusion】 Our study successfully generated a novel allele of the Wx gene named WxP94L using CBE base editor which resulted in a slight reduction in amylose content; thus providing a way for enhancing rice quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics of Spatiotemporal Evolution of Thermal Resources in Ratoon Rice at Heading and Grain-filling Stages in Sichuan Basin in 1981−2022 LUO Zizi, ZHANG Dejun, CHEN Dongdong, BI Miao, ZHU Yuhan, HAN Xu, WU Qiang, LI Yuechen Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (6): 873-886.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240614 Abstract （265）   HTML （10）    PDF （3170KB）（683）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】 This study investigates the dynamic changes of thermal resources during the heading and grain-filling stages of ratoon rice in the Sichuan Basin under climate change, aiming to provide a scientific reference for ensuring the safe production of ratoon rice in the region. 【Method】 Using daily mean temperature data from meteorological stations and observational data on the maturity stage of main-crop rice from agrometeorological stations within the ratoon rice planting area of the Sichuan Basin from 1981 to 2022, we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of thermal resources, the safe full-heading date (SFHD), and the grain-filling termination date (GFTD). 【Result】 The results show that both the SFHD and GFTD of ratoon rice exhibited a significant delaying trend from 1981 to 2022, with climate tendency rates of 1.58 d·(10a)⁻¹ and 2.0 d·(10a)⁻¹, respectively. The dates with 80% climatic guarantee probability ranged from September 10-17 for SFHD and October 15-28 for GFTD. The spatial distributions of SFHD and GFTD were similar, showing a progressive delay from the northwest to the southeast of the basin. Thermal resources during the heading and grain-filling stages showed a significant increasing trend, with growing degree days (GDD) generally ranging between 100 and 300 ℃·d and a climate tendency rate of 9.72 ℃·d·(10a)⁻¹. Spatially, GDD increased from the northwest to the southeast of the basin. From the 2010s onward, the area with GDD above 200 ℃·d expanded significantly toward the northwest, increasing by more than 10,000 km² compared to that in the 1980s. Since the 2000s, the interdecadal durations of both SFHD and GFTD have lengthened overall, while fluctuations in thermal resources during these stages have intensified. 【Conclusion】 Under climate change, the heading and grain-filling stages of ratoon rice in the Sichuan Basin are characterized by more abundant thermal resources, which is conducive to expanding the cultivation area and promoting diversified planting patterns. However, the increasing impact of extreme high- and low-temperature events on the stability of thermal resources has become an unfavorable climatic factor for ratoon rice production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of Reducing Hill Density While Maintaining Plant Population on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport in Rice Stem and Sheath Under Different Light Conditions LIU Yuting, ZHOU Xing, HE Chenyan, LI Qiuping, AI Xiaofeng, YUAN Yujie, LIU Rui, YANG Jingwen, LIU Tingting, WANG Li, CHENG Hong, HUANG Rong, LI Aoyun, HU Wen, HU Zhong, REN Wanjun, DENG Fei Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2025, 39 (5): 665-678.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240904 Abstract （384）   HTML （13）    PDF （1636KB）（668）       Knowledge map    Save 【Objective】To clarify the effect of field configuration on dry matter accumulation and transport of culm and sheath under low light stress, and to provide a theoretical and practical basis for improving optimum canopy establishment technology in low light rice growing areas【Methods】Using Yixiangyou 2115 as the material, experiments with different light conditions (natural light and 50% shading) and field configurations [conventional dense planting(CDP) and reducing hill density while maintaining plant population (RHMPP)] were conducted in Hanyuan County and Wenjiang District of Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2022. The effects of field configuration on dry matter accumulation and transport in rice internodes and leaf sheaths under different light conditions were studied.【Result】(1) Except for the Wenjiang site in 2022, low light stress significantly reduced the dry matter weight of individual internode and leaf sheath at maturity, which in turn significantly decreased the total dry matter weight of internodes and leaf sheaths by 22.68%−30.12% and 6.45%−15.64%, respectively, but significantly increased their total dry matter transport amount, transport rate, and contribution rate. (2) Compared with CDP, RHMPP could effectively increase the total dry matter weight of internodes(except at Wenjiang site under low light stress in 2022) and leaf sheaths during different growth stages under different light conditions, and promote the transport and reutilization of dry matter in internodes and leaf sheaths under low light stress, resulting in a 1.51%−6.03% and 5.70%−10.37% increase in single-panicle weight at maturity at Wenjiang and Hanyuan sites, respectively. (3) Under different light conditions, the correlation between grain yield, quality and dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics differed significantly. Under low light stress, the dry matter transport amount, transport rate, and contribution rate of internodes were positively correlated with grain yield, but highly significantly negatively correlated with the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree. 【Conclusion】Under low light stress, rice maintains assimilate supply to panicles by enhancing the transport and reuse of culm and sheath, especially the dry matter of internodes. RHMPP, by improving pre-heading dry matter accumulation in the internodes and leaves promotes their transport thereby reducing the adverse effects of low light stress on rice yield and quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research Progress on the Formation and Regulation of Rice Source, Flow and Sink and Their Influencing Factors NI Chen, ZHANG Jiahao, ZHU Changjin, XU Jiwei, HU Qiuqian, HUO Zhongyang, DAI Qigen, XU Ke, LI Guohui Chinese Journal OF Rice Science    2026, 40 (2): 155-170.   DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.241121 Abstract （230）   HTML （16）    PDF （1407KB）（645）       Knowledge map    Save The formation of rice yield depends on the photosynthetic production capacity of the source organ (leaves), the storage capacity of assimilates in the sink organ (grains), the transport capacity of the flow (vascular bundle system), and the coordination of these three traits. Its regulation is influenced by both intrinsic and environmental factors. In recent years, with the innovation of physiological, biochemical, genetic, and molecular biology research methods, researchers have gradually revealed the molecular regulatory and interaction mechanisms underlying rice source organ development, sink capacity construction, and assimilate transport, as well as their response mechanisms to environmental and cultivation factors. This manuscript focuses on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the formation and regulation of the source-flow-sink system and explores the synergistic regulatory effects of environmental factors, hormone signal transduction, and cultivation techniques on this system and yield formation. Finally, several research directions are proposed to improve rice yield by optimizing the source-flow-sink relationship through strategies such as genetic modification, mining and functional analysis of key genes and proteins, investigation of hormone interaction mechanisms, and dynamic coordination network analysis of the source-flow-sink system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）