Chinese Journal OF Rice Science >
Effects of Planting Methods and Fertilization on Root Morphology Lodging Resistance and Yield in Rice
Received date: 2024-10-31
Revised date: 2024-11-28
Online published: 2026-03-16
【Objective】 To clarify the effects of rice planting methods and fertilization on root morphology, growth and development, and yield formation, and to provide a theoretical basis for rice cultivation and scientific fertilization. 【Method】 A two-factor experimental design was employed to investigate the effects of planting method (direct seeding and transplanting) and fertilization (no fertilization and fertilization) on root distribution, root morphology, root vigor, and lodging resistance in rice. The hybrid rice Heliangyou 332 (HLY332) and conventional rice Huanghuazhan (HHZ) were used as experimental materials. 【Result】 (1) Compared with no fertilization, fertilization significantly increased yield by 15.3% and 15.0% under direct seeding and transplanting conditions for HLY332, and by 18.6% and 22.1% for HHZ, respectively. No significant yield difference was detected between planting methods for either variety. (2) In direct-seeded rice, roots were mainly distributed in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The average root biomass proportion in the 0-5 cm layer under no-fertilizer and fertilizer treatments was 50.1% and 56.8% for HLY332, and 63.5% and 67.0% for HHZ, respectively. In contrast, transplanted rice concentrated roots in the 5-10 cm layer, with proportions of 42.9% and 41.9% for HLY332, and 53.2% and 49.1% for HHZ, respectively. Fertilization increased total root biomass by 46.9% and 45.9% under direct seeding and transplanting for HLY332, and by 64.9% and 56.9% for HHZ, compared to no fertilization. Root bleeding intensity was significantly enhanced by fertilization, with increases of 113.3% and 110.6% for HLY332, and 46.1% and 60.8% for HHZ under direct seeding and transplanting, respectively. (3) Compared with direct seeding, transplanting significantly improved bending resistance. Bending resistance was increased by 23.9% and 15.2% in HLY332 under no-fertilizer and fertilized conditions, and by 12.5% and 17.0% in HHZ, respectively. Fertilization also enhanced bending resistance, with increases of 25.5% and 16.8% for HLY332 under direct seeding and transplanting, and 23.7% and 28.6% for HHZ under transplanting, relative to no fertilization. 【Conclusion】 The distinct vertical distribution of roots in the soil profile is a key trait differentiating direct-seeded and transplanted rice. Under the conditions of this study, fertilization significantly improved root morphology and increased grain yield in both planting methods, with no significant yield difference between direct seeding and transplanting. Therefore, integrating direct seeding with scientific fertilization represents a viable approach to meet the growing demand for light and simplified cultivation in rice production.
SHEN Zhida, MA Shihao, HUANG Siyuan, ZHANG Yangyang, LIAO Shipeng, LI Xiaokun . Effects of Planting Methods and Fertilization on Root Morphology Lodging Resistance and Yield in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026 , 40(2) : 253 -263 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.241013
| [1] | Hou W F, Khan M R, Zhang J L, Lu J W, Ren T, Cong R H, Li X K. Nitrogen rate and plant density interaction enhances radiation interception, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of mechanically transplanted rice[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2019, 269: 183-192. |
| [2] | Kumar V, Ladha J K. Direct seeding of rice[M]//Advances in Agronomy. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011: 297-413. |
| [3] | Sagare D B, Abbai R, Jain A, Jayadevappa P K, Dixit S, Singh A K, Challa V, Alam S, Singh U M, Yadav S, Sandhu N, Kabade P G, Singh V K, Kumar A. More and more of less and less: Is genomics-based breeding of dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) varieties the need of hour?[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2020, 18(11): 2173-2186. |
| [4] | Wang W Q, Peng S B, Liu H Y, Tao Y, Huang J L, Cui K H, Nie L X. The possibility of replacing puddled transplanted flooded rice with dry seeded rice in Central China: A review[J]. Field Crops Research, 2017, 214: 310-320. |
| [5] | Ishfaq M, Akbar N, Anjum S A, Anwar-Ijl-Haq M. Growth, yield and water productivity of dry direct seeded rice and transplanted aromatic rice under different irrigation management regimes[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2020, 19(11): 2656-2673. |
| [6] | Li L, Tian H, Zhang M H, Fan P S, Ashraf U, Liu H D, Chen X F, Duan M Y, Tang X R, Wang Z M, Zhang Z, Pan S G. Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer increases rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency with fewer greenhouse gas emissions in a mechanical direct-seeded cropping system[J]. The Crop Journal, 2021, 9(6): 1386-1396. |
| [7] | Li L, Wu T Y, Li Y S, Hu X, Wang Z X, Liu J F, Qin W, Ashraf U. Deep fertilization improves rice productivity and reduces ammonia emissions from rice fields in China: A meta-analysis[J]. Field Crops Research, 2022, 289: 108704. |
| [8] | 代贵金, 岩石真嗣, 三木孝昭, 华泽田, 王彦荣. 不同耕作与施肥方法对水稻根系生长分布和活性的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2008, 39(3): 274-278. |
| Dai G J, Yan S, San M, Hua Z T, Wang Y R. Effects of root distribution, growth and vigor of japonica rice with different cultivations and fertilizations[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2008, 39(3): 274-278. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [9] | 李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 龚金龙, 胡雅杰, 龙厚元, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 高产栽培条件下种植方式对超级稻根系形态生理特征的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(12): 2208-2220. |
| Li J, Zhang H C, Chang Y, Gong J L, Hu Y J, Long H Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H. Influence of planting methods on root system morphological and physiological characteristics of super rice under high-yielding cultivation condition[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(12): 2208-2220. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [10] | 李杰, 张洪程, 龚金龙, 常勇, 吴桂成, 郭振华, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 稻麦两熟地区不同栽培方式超级稻分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(2): 309-320. |
| Li J, Zhang H C, Gong J L, Chang Y, Wu G C, Guo Z H, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y. Tillering characteristics and its relationships with population productivity of super rice under different cultivation methods in rice-wheat cropping areas[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(2): 309-320. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [11] | 雷小龙, 刘利, 苟文, 马荣朝, 任万军. 种植方式对杂交籼稻植株抗倒伏特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(10): 1814-1825. |
| Lei X L, Liu L, Gou W, Ma R C, Ren W J. Effects of planting methods on culm lodging resistance of indica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(10): 1814-1825. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [12] | 张福锁, 崔振岭, 王激清, 李春俭, 陈新平. 中国土壤和植物养分管理现状与改进策略[J]. 植物学通报, 2007, 42(6): 687-694. |
| Zhang F S, Cui Z L, Wang J Q, Li C J, Chen X P. Current status of soil and plant nutrient management in China and improvement strategies[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2007, 42(6): 687-694. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [13] | 张洋洋, 鲁剑巍, 王友珠, 王振, 李小坤, 任涛, 丛日环. 钾肥施用方式对直播和移栽水稻产量和钾肥利用效率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016(1): 110-114. |
| Zhang Y Y, Lu J W, Wang Y Z, Wang Z, Li X K, Ren T, Cong R H. Effects of potassium fertilizer application method on yield and potassium apparent efficiency of direct-sowing rice and transplanting rice[J]. Crops, 2016(1): 110-114. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [14] | 肖小军, 彭小松, 刘小三, 叶川, 贺晓鹏, 李亚贞, 郑伟, 余跑兰, 黄天宝. 施氮量和直播量对超级杂交稻五丰优T025产量及养分利用率的影响[J]. 杂交水稻, 2016, 31(3): 58-63. |
| Xiao X J, Peng X S, Liu X S, Ye C, He X P, Li Y Z, Zheng W, Yu P L, Huang T B. Effects of nitrogen rate and direct-seeding rate on yield and nutrient use efficiency of super hybrid rice Wufengyou T025[J]. Hybrid Rice, 2016, 31(3): 58-63. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [15] | Farooq M, Siddique K H M, Rehman H, Aziz T, Lee D J, Wahid A. Rice direct seeding: Experiences, challenges and opportunities[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2011, 111(2): 87-98. |
| [16] | 程建平, 罗锡文, 樊启洲, 张集文, 吴建平, 王在满, 臧英. 不同种植方式对水稻生育特性和产量的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2010, 29(1): 1-5. |
| Cheng J P, Luo X W, Fan Q Z, Zhang J W, Wu J P, Wang Z M, Zang Y. Influence of different planting methods on growth and development characteristics and yield of rice[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2010, 29(1): 1-5. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [17] | 许炜, 孙志贵, 田贺培, 张运波, 卢碧林. 播种和施肥方式对直播稻分蘖特性和产量的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2018, 37(3): 1-9. |
| Xu W, Sun Z G, Tian H P, Zhang Y B, Lu B L. Effects of sowing and fertilization on tiller characteristics and yield of direct-seeded rice[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2018, 37(3): 1-9. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [18] | Chen S, Cai S G, Chen X, Zhang G P. Genotypic differences in growth and physiological responses to transplanting and direct seeding cultivation in rice[J]. Rice Science, 2009, 16(2): 143-150. |
| [19] | Xu G W, Lu D K, Wang H Z, Li Y. Morphological and physiological traits of rice roots and their relationships to yield and nitrogen utilization as influenced by irrigation regime and nitrogen rate[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2018, 203: 385-394. |
| [20] | Liu H, Hussain S, Zheng M, Peng S, Huang J, Cui K, Nie L. Dry direct-seeded rice as an alternative to transplanted-flooded rice in Central China[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2015, 35(1): 285-294. |
| [21] | Chu G, Chen T, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang J. Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with water productivity in water-saving and drought-resistant rice[J]. Field Crops Research, 2014, 162: 108-119. |
| [22] | Yoshida S, Yoshida S, Yoshida T, Yoshida Y. Fundamentals of rice crop science[J]. International Rice Research Institute, 1981, 269. |
| [23] | Dingkuhn M, Schnier H F, De Datta S K, Dorffling K, Javellana C. Relationships between ripening-phase productivity and crop duration, canopy photosynthesis and senescence in transplanted and direct-seeded lowland rice[J]. Field Crops Research, 1991, 26(3/4): 327-345. |
| [24] | Inukai Y, Ashikari M, Kitano H. Function of the root system and molecular mechanism of crown root formation in rice[J]. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2004, 45:17. |
| [25] | Gowda V R P, Henry A, Yamauchi A, Shashidhar H E, Serraj R. Root biology and genetic improvement for drought avoidance in rice[J]. Field Crops Research, 2011, 122(1): 1-13. |
| [26] | Liu K, He A, Ye C, Liu S, Lu J, Gao M, Fan Y, Lu B, Tian X, Zhang Y. Root morphological traits and spatial distribution under different nitrogen treatments and their relationship with grain yield in super hybrid rice[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 131. |
| [27] | Kato Y, Okami M. Root growth dynamics and stomatal behaviour of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under aerobic and flooded conditions[J]. Field Crops Research, 2010, 117(1): 9-17. |
| [28] | Fageria N K, Carvalho M C S, dos Santos F C. Root growth of upland rice genotypes as influenced by nitrogen fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2014, 37(1): 95-106. |
| [29] | Xu L, Li X, Wang X, Xiong D, Wang F. Comparing the grain yields of direct-seeded and transplanted rice: A meta-analysis[J]. Agronomy, 2019, 9(11): 767. |
| [30] | Xu L, Yuan S, Wang X, Chen Z, Li X, Cao J, Wang F, Huang J, Peng S. Comparison of yield performance between direct-seeded and transplanted double-season rice using ultrashort-duration varieties in Central China[J]. The Crop Journal, 2022, 10(2): 515-523. |
| [31] | Abdul Halim N S, Abdullah R, Karsani S A, Osman N, Ali Panhwar Q, Ishak C F. Influence of soil amendments on the growth and yield of rice in acidic soil[J]. Agronomy, 2018, 8(9): 165. |
| [32] | Mori A, Fukuda T, Vejchasarn P, Nestler J, Pariasca-Tanaka J, Wissuwa M. The role of root size versus root efficiency in phosphorus acquisition in rice[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2016, 67(4): 1179-1189. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |