
Chinese Journal OF Rice Science >
Advances in Molecular Mechanism and Breeding Application of Heading Date Regulation in Rice
Received date: 2025-07-17
Revised date: 2025-10-21
Online published: 2026-03-16
Heading date, a pivotal agronomic trait determining rice production seasons and regional adaptability, is fundamental for breeding high-yield cultivars tailored to specific ecological environments. In recent years, numerous genes controlling heading date in rice have been cloned, and their functional mechanisms have been increasingly elucidated. Consequently, the molecular regulatory network governing heading date has become progressively refined. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms regulating rice heading date, with a focus on the photoperiodic regulatory network, and discusses its applications in breeding practices. It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of heading date and ecological adaptability breeding in rice.
Key words: rice; heading date; molecular mechanism; breeding
YANG Dabing, DU Xueshu, LI Jinbo, XIA Mingyuan, HU Liang, SHI Huan, WAN Bingliang . Advances in Molecular Mechanism and Breeding Application of Heading Date Regulation in Rice[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2026 , 40(2) : 145 -154 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2026.250706
| [1] | Yano M, Katayose Y, Ashikari M, Yamanouchi U, Monna L, Fuse T, Baba T, Yamamoto K, Umehara Y, Nagamura Y, Sasaki T. Hd1, a major photoperiod sensitivity quantitative trait locus in rice, is closely related to the Arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS[J]. The Plant Cell, 2000, 12(12): 2473-2484. |
| [2] | Doi K, Izawa T, Fuse T, Yamanouchi U, Kubo T, Shimatani Z, Yano M, Yoshimura A. Ehd1, a B-type response regulator in rice, confers short-day promotion of flowering and controls FT-like gene expression independently of Hd1[J]. Genes & Development, 2004, 18(8): 926-936. |
| [3] | Xue W, Xing Y, Weng X, Zhao Y, Tang W, Wang L, Zhou H, Yu S, Xu C, Li X, Zhang Q. Natural variation in Ghd7 is an important regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice[J]. Nature Genetics, 2008, 40(6): 761-767. |
| [4] | Sun K, Huang M, Zong W, Xiao D, Lei C, Luo Y, Song Y, Li S, Hao Y, Luo W, Xu B, Guo X, Wei G, Chen L, Liu Y G, Guo J. Hd1, Ghd7, and DTH8 synergistically determine the rice heading date and yield-related agronomic traits[J]. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2022, 49(5): 437-447. |
| [5] | Cao S, Luo X, Xu D, Tian X, Song J, Xia X, Chu C, He Z. Genetic architecture underlying light and temperature mediated flowering in Arabidopsis, rice, and temperate cereals[J]. The New Phytologist, 2021, 230(5): 1731-1745. |
| [6] | Lin X, Huang Y, Rao Y, Ouyang L, Zhou D, Zhu C, Fu J, Chen C, Yin J, Bian J, He H, Zou G, Xu J. A base substitution in OsphyC disturbs its Interaction with OsphyB and affects flowering time and chlorophyll synthesis in rice[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2022, 22(1): 612. |
| [7] | Takano M, Inagaki N, Xie X, Kiyota S, Baba-Kasai A, Tanabata T, Shinomura T. Phytochromes are the sole photoreceptors for perceiving red/far-red light in rice[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(34): 14705-14710. |
| [8] | Singh S, Vergish S, Jain N, Sharma A K, Khurana P, Khurana J P. OsCRY2 and OsFBO10 co-regulate photomorphogenesis and photoperiodic flowering in indica rice[J]. Plant Science, 2023, 330: 111631. |
| [9] | Li C, Liu X J, Yan Y, Alam M S, Liu Z, Yang Z K, Tao R F, Yue E K, Duan M H, Xu J H. OsLHY is involved in regulating flowering through the Hd1- and Ehd1- mediated pathways in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Plant Science, 2022, 315: 111145. |
| [10] | Lee S J, Kang K, Lim J H, Paek N C. Natural alleles of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 contribute to rice cultivation by fine-tuning flowering time[J]. Plant Physiology, 2022, 190(1): 640-656. |
| [11] | Murakami M, Ashikari M, Miura K, Yamashino T, Mizuno T. The evolutionarily conserved OsPRR quintet: Rice pseudo-response regulators implicated in circadian rhythm[J]. Plant & Cell Physiology, 2003, 44(11): 1229-1236. |
| [12] | Lee Y S, An G. OsGI controls flowering time by modulating rhythmic flowering time regulators preferentially under short day in rice[J]. Journal of Plant Biology, 2015, 58(2): 137-145. |
| [13] | Xu P, Zhang Y, Wen X, Yang Q, Liu L, Hao S, Li J, Wu Z, Shah L, Sohail A, Liu Q, Sun L, Hong Y, Chen D, Shen X, Zhan X, Cheng S, Cao L, Wu W. The clock component OsLUX regulates rice heading through recruiting OsELF3-1 and OsELF4s to repress Hd1 and Ghd7[J]. Journal of Advanced Research, 2023, 48: 17-31. |
| [14] | Cai L, Hao B, Xu Z, Cui S, Wu Q, Lee J, Hou H, Hu Y, Zhu L, Wang J, Li W, Chang K, Shao W, Zhu S, Gan X, Li C, Jiang L, Tian Y, Liu X, Liu S, Chen L, Wang H, Zhou S, Wan J. ELD1 mediates photoperiodic flowering via OsCCA1 alternative splicing and interacts with phytochrome signaling in rice[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16(1): 5329. |
| [15] | Zong W, Ren D, Huang M, Sun K, Feng J, Zhao J, Xiao D, Xie W, Liu S, Zhang H, Qiu R, Tang W, Yang R, Chen H, Xie X, Chen L, Liu Y G, Guo J. Strong photoperiod sensitivity is controlled by cooperation and competition among Hd1, Ghd7 and DTH8 in rice heading[J]. The New Phytologist, 2021, 229(3): 1635-1649. |
| [16] | Park S J, Kim S L, Lee S, Je B I, Piao H L, Park S H, Kim C M, Ryu C H, Park S H, Xuan Y H, Colasanti J, An G, Han C D. OsId1) is necessary for the expression of Ehd1 (Early heading date 1) regardless of photoperiod[J]. The Plant Journal, 2008, 56(6): 1018-1029. |
| [17] | Gao H, Zheng X M, Fei G, Chen J, Jin M, Ren Y, Wu W, Zhou K, Sheng P, Zhou F, Jiang L, Wang J, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang J L, Cheng Z, Wu C, Wang H, Wan J M. Ehd4 encodes a novel and Oryza-genus-specific regulator of photoperiodic flowering in rice[J]. PLoS Genetics, 2013, 9(2): e1003281. |
| [18] | Kim S L, Lee S, Kim H J, Nam H G, An G. OsMADS51is a short-day flowering promoter that functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a[J]. Plant Physiology, 2007, 145(4): 1484-1494. |
| [19] | Tamaki S, Matsuo S, Wong H L, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K. Hd3a protein is a mobile flowering signal in rice[J]. Science, 2007, 316(5827): 1033-1036. |
| [20] | Komiya R, Ikegami A, Tamaki S, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K. Hd3a and RFT1 are essential for flowering in rice[J]. Development, 2008, 135(4): 767-774. |
| [21] | Komiya R, Yokoi S, Shimamoto K. A gene network for long-day flowering activates RFT1 encoding a mobile flowering signal in rice[J]. Development, 2009, 136(20): 3443-3450. |
| [22] | Taoka K I, Ohki I, Tsuji H, Furuita K, Hayashi K, Yanase T, Yamaguchi M, Nakashima C, Purwestri Y A, Tamaki S, Ogaki Y, Shimada C, Nakagawa A, Kojima C, Shimamoto K. 14-3-3 proteins act as intracellular receptors for rice Hd3a florigen[J]. Nature, 2011, 476(7360): 332-335. |
| [23] | Pasriga R, Yoon J, Cho L H, An G. Overexpression of RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) induces extremely early flowering in rice[J]. Molecules and Cells, 2019, 42(5): 406-417. |
| [24] | Peng Q, Zhu C, Liu T, Zhang S, Feng S, Wu C. Phosphorylation of OsFD1 by OsCIPK3 promotes the formation of RFT1-containing florigen activation complex for long-day flowering in rice[J]. Molecular Plant, 2021, 14(7): 1135-1148. |
| [25] | Song S, Chen Y, Liu L, Wang Y, Bao S, Zhou X, Teo Z W N, Mao C, Gan Y, Yu H. OsFTIP1-mediated regulation of florigen transport in rice is negatively regulated by the ubiquitin-like domain kinase OsUbDKγ4[J]. The Plant Cell, 2017, 29(3): 491-507. |
| [26] | Zheng R, Meng X, Hu Q, Yang B, Cui G, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ma X, Song X, Liang S, Li Y, Li J, Yu H, Luan W. OsFTL12, a member of FT-like family, modulates the heading date and plant architecture by florigen repression complex in rice[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2023, 21(7): 1343-1360. |
| [27] | Chai J, Zhu S, Li C, Wang C, Cai M, Zheng X, Zhou L, Zhang H, Sheng P, Wu M, Jin X, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Lei C, Ren Y, Lin Q, Zhou S, Guo X, Wang J, Zhao Z, Wan J. OsRE1 interacts with OsRIP1 to regulate rice heading date by finely modulating Ehd1 expression[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2021, 19(2): 300-310. |
| [28] | Zhang H, Zhu S, Liu T, Wang C, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Chen L, Sheng P, Cai M, Li C, Wang J, Zhang Z, Chai J, Zhou L, Lei C, Guo X, Wang J, Wang J, Jiang L, Wu C, Wan J. DELAYED HEADING DATE1 interacts with OsHAP5C/D, delays flowering time and enhances yield in rice[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2019, 17(2): 531-539. |
| [29] | Liu T, Zhang H, Zhou L, Zhang X, Zhou C, Li S, Cheng Z, Guo X, Zhu S, Wan J. DELAYED HEADING DATE3, encoding a heat shock transcription factor, delays flowering time and improves yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Agriculture, 2022, 12(7): 1022. |
| [30] | Cai M, Zhu S, Wu M, Zheng X, Wang J, Zhou L, Zheng T, Cui S, Zhou S, Li C, Zhang H, Chai J, Zhang X, Jin X, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Lei C, Ren Y, Lin Q, Guo X, Zhao L, Wang J, Zhao Z, Jiang L, Wang H, Wan J. DHD4, a CONSTANS-like family transcription factor, delays heading date by affecting the formation of the FAC complex in rice[J]. Molecular Plant, 2021, 14(2): 330-343. |
| [31] | Matsubara K, Yamanouchi U, Nonoue Y, Sugimoto K, Wang Z X, Minobe Y, Yano M. Ehd3, encoding a plant homeodomain finger-containing protein, is a critical promoter of rice flowering[J]. The Plant Journal, 2011, 66(4): 603-612. |
| [32] | Ryu C H, Lee S, Cho L H, Kim S L, Lee Y S, Choi S C, Jeong H J, Yi J, Park S J, Han C D, An G. OsMADS50 and OsMADS56 function antagonistically in regulating long day (LD)-dependent flowering in rice[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2009, 32(10): 1412-1427. |
| [33] | Han S H, Yoo S C, Lee B D, An G, Paek N C. Rice FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (OsFKF1) promotes flowering independent of photoperiod[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2015, 38(12): 2527-2540. |
| [34] | Kim S K, Yun C H, Lee J H, Jang Y H, Park H Y, Kim J K. OsCO3, a CONSTANS-LIKE gene, controls flowering by negatively regulating the expression of FT-like genes under SD conditions in rice[J]. Planta, 2008, 228(2): 355-365. |
| [35] | Li D, Yang C, Li X, Gan Q, Zhao X, Zhu L. Functional characterization of rice OsDof12[J]. Planta, 2009, 229(6): 1159-1169. |
| [36] | Wu W, Zheng X M, Lu G, Zhong Z, Gao H, Chen L, Wu C, Wang H J, Wang Q, Zhou K, Wang J L, Wu F, Zhang X, Guo X, Cheng Z, Lei C, Lin Q, Jiang L, Wang H, Ge S, Wan J. Association of functional nucleotide polymorphisms at DTH2 with the northward expansion of rice cultivation in Asia[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(8): 2775-2780. |
| [37] | Pan T, He M, Liu H, Tian X, Wang Z, Yu X, Miao X, Li X. Transcription factor bZIP65 delays flowering via suppressing Ehd1 expression in rice[J]. Molecular Breeding, 2022, 42(10): 63. |
| [38] | Li X, Tian X, He M, Liu X, Li Z, Tang J, Mei E, Xu M, Liu Y, Wang Z, Guan Q, Meng W, Fang J, Zhang J, Bu Q. bZIP71 delays flowering by suppressing Ehd1 expression in rice[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2022, 64(7): 1352-1363. |
| [39] | Jiang P, Wang S, Zheng H, Li H, Zhang F, Su Y, Xu Z, Lin H, Qian Q, Ding Y. SIP1 participates in regulation of flowering time in rice by recruiting OsTrx1 to Ehd1[J]. The New Phytologist, 2018, 219(1): 422-435. |
| [40] | Xuan H, Shi N, Chen J, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Chu C, Li S, Chen X, Yang H. Physical coupling of H3K4me3 demethylases and Polycomb repressive complex 2 to accelerate flowering in rice[J]. Plant Physiology, 2024, 195(3): 1802-1806. |
| [41] | Hori K, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Matsubara K, Yamanouchi U, Ebana K, Yano M. Hd16, a gene for casein kinase I, is involved in the control of rice flowering time by modulating the day-length response[J]. The Plant Journal, 2013, 76(1): 36-46. |
| [42] | Kwon C T, Koo B H, Kim D, Yoo S C, Paek N C. Casein kinases I and 2α phosphorylate Oryza sativa pseudo-response regulator 37 (OsPRR37) in photoperiodic flowering in rice[J]. Molecules and Cells, 2015, 38(1): 81-88. |
| [43] | Luan W, Chen H, Fu Y, Si H, Peng W, Song S, Liu W, Hu G, Sun Z, Xie D, Sun C. The effect of the crosstalk between photoperiod and temperature on the heading-date in rice[J]. PLoS One, 2009, 4(6): e5891. |
| [44] | Song Y, Gao Z, Luan W. Interaction between temperature and photoperiod in regulation of flowering time in rice[J]. Science China Life Sciences, 2012, 55(3): 241-249. |
| [45] | Weng X, Wang L, Wang J, Hu Y, Du H, Xu C, Xing Y, Li X, Xiao J, Zhang Q. Grain number, plant height, and heading date 7 is a central regulator of growth, development, and stress response[J]. Plant Physiology, 2014, 164(2): 735-747. |
| [46] | Guo T, Mu Q, Wang J, Vanous A E, Onogi A, Iwata H, Li X, Yu J. Dynamic effects of interacting genes underlying rice flowering-time phenotypic plasticity and global adaptation[J]. Genome Research, 2020, 30(5): 673-683. |
| [47] | Zhang C, Liu J, Zhao T, Gomez A, Li C, Yu C, Li H, Lin J, Yang Y, Liu B, Lin C. A drought-inducible transcription factor delays reproductive timing in rice[J]. Plant Physiology, 2016, 171(1): 334-343. |
| [48] | Wang Y, Lu Y, Guo Z, Ding Y, Ding C. RICE CENTRORADIALIS 1, a TFL1-like gene, responses to drought stress and regulates rice flowering transition[J]. Rice (N Y), 2020, 13(1): 70. |
| [49] | Castro Marín I, Loef I, Bartetzko L, Searle I, Coupland G, Stitt M, Osuna D. Nitrate regulates floral induction in Arabidopsis, acting independently of light, gibberellin and autonomous pathways[J]. Planta, 2011, 233(3): 539-552. |
| [50] | Ye T, Li Y, Zhang J, Hou W, Zhou W, Lu J, Xing Y, Li X. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization affects the flowering time of rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2019, 20: e00753. |
| [51] | Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li K, Yan M, Zhang J, Yu M, Tang S, Wang L, Qu H, Luo L, Xuan W, Xu G. Nitrogen mediates flowering time and nitrogen use efficiency via floral regulators in rice[J]. Current Biology, 2021, 31(4): 671-683.e5. |
| [52] | Wang Q, Su Q, Nian J, Zhang J, Guo M, Dong G, Hu J, Wang R, Wei C, Li G, Wang W, Guo H S, Lin S, Qian W, Xie X, Qian Q, Chen F, Zuo J. The Ghd7 transcription factor represses ARE1 expression to enhance nitrogen utilization and grain yield in rice[J]. Molecular Plant, 2021, 14(6): 1012-1023. |
| [53] | Liang L, Zhang Z, Cheng N, Liu H, Song S, Hu Y, Zhou X, Zhang J, Xing Y. The transcriptional repressor OsPRR73 links circadian clock and photoperiod pathway to control heading date in rice[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2021, 44(3): 842-855. |
| [54] | Sun C, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Xiang L, He C, Zhong C, Li K, Wang Q, Yang C, Wang Q, Chen C, Chen D, Wang Y, Liu C, Yang B, Wu H, Chen X, Li W, Wang J, Xu P, Wang P, Fang J, Chu C, Deng X. Dual function of clock component OsLHY sets critical day length for photoperiodic flowering in rice[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2021, 19(8): 1644-1657. |
| [55] | Matsubara K, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Hori K, Ebana K, Ando T, Yano M. Natural variation in Hd17, a homolog of Arabidopsis ELF3 that is involved in rice photoperiodic flowering[J]. Plant & Cell Physiology, 2012, 53(4): 709-716. |
| [56] | Wang X, He Y, Wei H, Wang L. A clock regulatory module is required for salt tolerance and control of heading date in rice[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2021, 44(10): 3283-3301. |
| [57] | Zhang L, Zhang F, Zhou X, Poh T X, Xie L, Shen J, Yang L, Song S, Yu H, Chen Y. The tetratricopeptide repeat protein OsTPR075 promotes heading by regulating florigen transport in rice[J]. The Plant Cell, 2022, 34(10): 3632-3646. |
| [58] | Lee S, Kim J, Han J J, Han M J, An G. Functional analyses of the flowering time gene OsMADS50, the putative SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1/AGAMOUS-LIKE 20 (SOC1/AGL20) ortholog in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2004, 38(5): 754-764. |
| [59] | Li J, Qiu J X, Zeng Q H, Zhuang Y, Zhang N, Xu S X, Jin J, Dong Z C, Chen L, Huang W. OsTOC1 plays dual roles in the regulation of plant circadian clock by functioning as a direct transcription activator or repressor[J]. Cell Reports, 2023, 42(7): 112765. |
| [60] | Cho LH, Yoon J, Pasriga R, An G. Homodimerization of Ehd1 is required to induce flowering in rice[J]. Plant Physiology, 2016, 170(4): 2159-2171. |
| [61] | Yin Y, Yan Z, Guan J, Huo Y, Wang T, Li T, Cui Z, Ma W, Wang X, Chen W. Two interacting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors control flowering time in rice[J]. Plant Physiology, 2023, 192(1): 205-221. |
| [62] | Cerise M, Giaume F, Galli M, Khahani B, Lucas J, Podico F, Tavakol E, Parcy F, Gallavotti A, Brambilla V, Fornara F. OsFD4 promotes the rice floral transition via florigen activation complex formation in the shoot apical meristem[J]. The New Phytologist, 2021, 229(1): 429-443. |
| [63] | Brambilla V, Martignago D, Goretti D, Cerise M, Somssich M, de Rosa M, Galbiati F, Shrestha R, Lazzaro F, Simon R, Fornara F. Antagonistic transcription factor complexes modulate the floral transition in rice[J]. The Plant Cell, 2017, 29(11): 2801-2816. |
| [64] | Matsubara K, Yamanouchi U, Wang Z X, Minobe Y, Izawa T, Yano M. Ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize INDETERMINATE1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating Ehd1[J]. Plant Physiology, 2008, 148(3): 1425-1435. |
| [65] | Fan X, Wang P, Qi F, Hu Y, Li S, Zhang J, Liang L, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xiong L, Xing Y. The CCT transcriptional activator Ghd2 constantly delays the heading date by upregulating CO3 in rice[J]. Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 2023, 50(10): 755-764 |
| [66] | Lee Y S, Jeong D H, Lee D Y, Yi J, Ryu C H, Kim S L, Jeong H J, Choi S C, Jin P, Yang J, Cho L H, Choi H, An G. OsCOL4 is a constitutive flowering repressor upstream of Ehd1 and downstream of OsphyB[J]. The Plant Journal, 2010, 63(1): 18-30. |
| [67] | Wu W, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhan X, Shen X, Yu P, Chen D, Liu Q, Sinumporn S, Hussain K, Cheng S, Cao L. The rice CONSTANS-like protein OsCOL15 suppresses flowering by promoting Ghd7 and repressing RID1[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2018, 495(1): 1349-1355. |
| [68] | Ogiso E, Takahashi Y, Sasaki T, Yano M, Izawa T. The role of casein kinase II in flowering time regulation has diversified during evolution[J]. Plant Physiology, 2010, 152(2): 808-820. |
| [69] | Deng L, Li L, Zhang S, Shen J, Li S, Hu S, Peng Q, Xiao J, Wu C. Suppressor of rid1 (SID1) shares common targets with RID1 on florigen genes to initiate floral transition in rice[J]. PLoS Genetics, 2017, 13(2): 1006642. |
| [70] | Jeong H J, Yang J, Cho L H, An G. OsVIL1 controls flowering time in rice by suppressing OsLF under short days and by inducing Ghd7 under long days[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2016, 35(4): 905-920. |
| [71] | Zhang X, Feng Q, Miao J, Zhu J, Zhou C, Fan D, Lu Y, Tian Q, Wang Y, Zhan Q, Wang Z Q, Wang A, Zhang L, Shangguan Y, Li W, Chen J, Weng Q, Huang T, Tang S, Si L, Huang X, Wang Z X, Han B. The WD40 domain-containing protein Ehd5 positively regulates flowering in rice (Oryza sativa)[J]. The Plant Cell, 2023, 35(11): 4002-4019. |
| [72] | Zhang B, Liu H, Qi F, Zhang Z, Li Q, Han Z, Xing Y. Genetic interactions among Ghd7, Ghd8, OsPRR37 and Hd1 contribute to large variation in heading date in rice[J]. Rice (N Y), 2019, 12(1): 48. |
| [73] | Sun C, Fang J, Zhao T, Xu B, Zhang F, Liu L, Tang J, Zhang G, Deng X, Chen F, Qian Q, Cao X, Chu C. The histone methyltransferase SDG724 mediates H3K36me2/3 deposition at MADS50 and RFT1and promotes flowering in rice[J]. The Plant Cell, 2012, 24(8): 3235-3247. |
| [74] | Shibaya T, Hori K, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Yamanouchi U, Shu K, Kitazawa N, Shomura A, Ando T, Ebana K, Wu J, Yamazaki T, Yano M. Hd18, encoding histone acetylase related to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS D, is involved in the control of flowering time in rice[J]. Plant & Cell Physiology, 2016, 57(9): 1828-1838. |
| [75] | Liu B, Liu Y, Wang B, Luo Q, Shi J, Gan J, Shen W H, Yu Y, Dong A. The transcription factor OsSUF4 interacts with SDG725 in promoting H3K36me3 establishment[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 2999. |
| [76] | Xu Z, Li E, Xue G, Zhang C, Yang Y, Ding Y. OsHUB2 inhibits function of OsTrx1 in heading date in rice[J]. The Plant Journal, 2022, 110(6): 1670-1680. |
| [77] | Yang Y, Fu D, Zhu C, He Y, Zhang H, Liu T, Li X, Wu C. The RING-finger ubiquitin ligase HAF1 mediates Heading date 1 degradation during photoperiodic flowering in rice[J]. The Plant Cell, 2015, 27(9): 2455-2468. |
| [78] | Zhang J, Zhou X, Yan W, Zhang Z, Lu L, Han Z, Zhao H, Liu H, Song P, Hu Y, Shen G, He Q, Guo S, Gao G, Wang G, Xing Y. Combinations of the Ghd7, Ghd8 and Hd1 genes largely define the ecogeographical adaptation and yield potential of cultivated rice[J]. The New Phytologist, 2015, 208(4): 1056-1066. |
| [79] | Zhou X, Nong C, Wu B, Zhou T, Zhang B, Liu X, Gao G, Mi J, Zhang Q, Liu H, Liu S, Li Z, He Y, Mou T, Guo S, Li S, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Xing Y. Combinations of Ghd7, Ghd8, and Hd1 determine strong heterosis of commercial rice hybrids in diverse ecological regions[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2021, 72(20): 6963-6976. |
| [80] | Koo B H, Yoo S C, Park J W, Kwon C T, Lee B D, An G, Zhang Z, Li J, Li Z, Paek N C. Natural variation in OsPRR37 regulates heading date and contributes to rice cultivation at a wide range of latitudes[J]. Molecular Plant, 2013, 6(6): 1877-1888. |
| [81] | Su Q, Wang R, Feng X, Zhao M, Zhu G, Wang Q, Zhang F, Lin S, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Qian Q, Chen F. A new strategy of molecular breeding for optimal heading date and grain yield in rice by modulating elite allelic combinations of Ghd7, Hd3a, RFT1 and Gn1a[J]. The Crop Journal, 2025, 13(2): 490-500. |
| [82] | Sun K, Zong W, Xiao D, Wu Z, Guo X, Li F, Song Y, Li S, Wei G, Hao Y, Xu B, Li W, Lin Z, Xie W, Liu Y G, Guo J. Effects of the core heading date genes Hd1, Ghd7, DTH8 and PRR37 on yield-related traits in rice[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2023, 136(11): 227. |
| [83] | Li X, Liu H, Wang M, Liu H, Tian X, Zhou W, Lü T, Wang Z, Chu C, Fang J, Bu Q. Combinations of Hd2 and Hd4 genes determine rice adaptability to Heilongjiang Province, northern limit of China[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2015, 57(8): 698-707. |
| [84] | Wang X, Zhou T, Li G, Yao W, Hu W, Wei X, Che J, Yang H, Shao L, Hua J, Li X, Xiao J, Xing Y, Ouyang Y, Zhang Q. A Ghd7-centered regulatory network provides a mechanistic approximation to optimal heterosis in an elite rice hybrid[J]. The Plant Journal, 2022, 112(1): 68-83. |
| [85] | Liu J, Yi Q, Dong G, Chen Y, Guo L, Gao Z, Zhu L, Ren D, Zhang Q, Li Q, Li J, Liu Q, Zhang G, Qian Q, Shen L. Improving rice quality by regulating the heading dates of rice varieties without yield penalties[J]. Plants (Basel), 2024, 13(16): 2221. |
| [86] | Leng Y, Gao Y, Chen L, Yang Y, Huang L, Dai L, Ren D, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Ponce K, Hu J, Shen L, Zhang G, Chen G, Dong G, Gao Z, Guo L, Ye G, Qian Q, Zhu L, Zeng D. Using Heading date 1 preponderant alleles from indica cultivars to breed high-yield, high-quality japonica rice varieties for cultivation in South China[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2020, 18(1): 119-128. |
| [87] | Guo X, Sun K, Wu Z, Xiao D, Song Y, Li S, Wei G, Li W, Hao Y, Xu B, Zhang K, Liao N, Hu D, Liu Y G, Zong W, Guo J. Improving yield-related traits by editing the promoter and distal regulatory region of heading date genes Ghd7 and PRR37 in elite rice variety Mei Xiang Zhan 2[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2025, 138(4): 92. |
| [88] | Zhou S, Cai L, Wu H, Wang B, Gu B, Cui S, Huang X, Xu Z, Hao B, Hou H, Hu Y, Li C, Tian Y, Liu X, Chen L, Liu S, Jiang L, Wan J. Fine-tuning rice heading date through multiplex editing of the regulatory regions of key genes by CRISPR-Cas9[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2024, 22(3): 751-758. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |