Chinese Journal OF Rice Science >
Effect of Free-air CO2 Enrichment and Temperature Increase on Grain Quality of Rice Cultivar Yangdao 6
Received date: 2024-03-18
Revised date: 2024-07-14
Online published: 2025-01-14
【Objective】To elucidate the impact and mechanism of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature on the quality of indica rice.【Methods】Using the free-air CO2 enrichment and temperature increase (T-FACE) system, the rice cultivar Yangdao 6 (indica) was used to assess the effects of elevated CO2 (increased by 200 μmol/mol) and elevated temperature (increased by 2 ℃, with both night-time and day-time temperatures elevated in 2021, and only day-time temperature elevated in 2022) on rice processing, appearance, nutritional quality, eating quality, starch synthesis enzyme activities, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) content.【Results】Generally, under the treatment combining elevated CO2 and elevated night-time and day-time temperatures, rice processing and nutritional quality were not affected. However, eating quality improved as the amylose content decreased by 31.57%. The appearance quality of rice also improved, evidenced by a decrease in both the percentage of chalky grains and the degree of chalkiness under elevated CO2 and/or elevated temperature. Specifically, under the combination of elevated CO2 and elevated night-time and day-time temperatures, the percentage of chalky grains and the degree of chalkiness decreased by 25.98% and 34.82%, respectively. The degree of chalkiness showed a significantly positive correlation with the sucrose synthase (SuSy) activity and the cell wall invertase (CWI) activity, but a significantly negative correlation with NSC content and starch synthase (SS) activity. The potential mechanisms underlying the reduction in chalkiness under elevated CO2 and elevated temperature include: (i) elevated CO2 could increase NSC content and SS activity, providing adequate substrates for rice grain filling; and (ii) elevated temperature, along with the combination of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature, decreased both SuSy activity and CWI activity during the later stages of grain filling, which could slow down the grain-filling rate.【Conclusion】Under the combined conditions of elevated CO2 and elevated night-time and day-time temperatures, the chalkiness and amylose content of rice grain of Yangdao 6 decreased, and the rice appearance quality and eating quality improved.
WANG Xiaoxi, CAI Chuang, SONG Lian, ZHOU Wei, YANG Xiong, GU Xinyue, ZHU Chunwu . Effect of Free-air CO2 Enrichment and Temperature Increase on Grain Quality of Rice Cultivar Yangdao 6[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2025 , 39(1) : 115 -127 . DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2025.240309
| [1] | NOAA. Carbon dioxide peaks near 420 parts per million at Mauna Loa observatory[EB/OL] 2021. https://research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2764/ (accessed 19 October 2021). |
| [2] | Retallack G J, Conde G D. Deep time perspective on rising atmospheric CO2[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2020, 189: 103177. |
| [3] | Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pirani A, Connors S L, Péan C, Berger S, Caud N, Chen Y, Goldfarb L, Gomis M I, Huang M, Leitzell K, Lonnoy E, Matthews J B R, Maycock T K, Waterfield T, Yelekçi O, Yu R, Zhou B. Summary for policymakers: Climate change 2021:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M/OL]. Switzerland: IPCC, 2021. |
| [4] | MacLean J, Hardy B, Hettel G. Rice Almanac, 4th edition[M]. Los Banos: International Rice Research Institute, 2013. |
| [5] | Seck P A, Diagne A, Mohanty S, Wopereis M C S. Crops that feed the world 7: Rice[J]. Food Security, 2012, 4(1): 7-24. |
| [6] | Khush G S. Strategies for increasing the yield potential of cereals: Case of rice as an example[J]. Plant Breeding, 2013, 132: 433-436. |
| [7] | Zhang L L, Zhang Z, Tao F, Luo Y C, Zhang J, Cao J. Adapting to climate change precisely through cultivars renewal for rice production across China: When, where, and what cultivars will be required[J]? Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2022, 316: 108856. |
| [8] | OECD/FAO. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030[M]. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1787/19428846-en. |
| [9] | Normile D. Reinventing rice to feed the world[J]. Science, 2008, 321: 330-333. |
| [10] | 国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2018. |
| NBSC. Statistical Yearbook of China[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2018. (in Chinese) | |
| [11] | Chaturvedi A K, Bahuguna R N, Shah D, Pal M, Jagadish K S V. High temperature stress during flowering and grain filling offsets beneficial impact of elevated CO2 on assimilate partitioning and sink-strength in rice[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 8227. |
| [12] | 王文婷. 沿江地区温光要素对优质粳稻产量与品质的影响研究[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2021. |
| Wang W T. Study on the effect of temperature-light factors on the formation of quality and yield of japonica rice along the Yangtze River[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2021. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [13] | 牛玺朝, 户少武, 杨阳, 童楷程, 景立权, 朱建国, 王余龙, 杨连新, 王云霞. 大气CO2浓度增高对不同水稻品种稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2021, 29(3): 509-519. |
| Niu X C, Hu S W, Yang Y, Tong K C, Jing L Q, Zhu J G, Wang Y L, Yang L X, Wang Y X. Effect of CO2concentration enrichment on the grain quality of different rice varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(3): 509-519. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [14] | 杨陶陶, 邹积祥, 伍龙梅, 包晓哲, 江瑜, 张楠, 张彬. 开放式增温对华南双季稻稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 37(1): 66-77. |
| Yang T T, Zou J X, Wu L M, Bao X Z, Jiang Y, Zhang N, Zhang B. Effect of free air temperature increase on grain quality of double-cropping rice in south China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2022, 37(1): 66-77. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [15] | Hu S W, Tong K C, Chen W, Wang Y X, Wang Y L, Yang L X. Response of rice grain quality to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration: A meta-analysis of 20-year FACE studies[J]. Field Crops Research, 2022, 284: 108562. |
| [16] | Usui Y, Sakai H, Tokida T, Nakamura H, Nakagawa H, Hasegawa T. Rice grain yield and quality responses to free-air CO2 enrichment combined with soil and water warming[J]. Global Change Biology, 2016, 22(3): 1256-1270. |
| [17] | 徐长亮, 李军营, 谢辉, 朱建国, 范桂枝, 蔡庆生. 开放式空气CO2浓度升高对稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008(9): 391-397. |
| Xu C L, Li J Y, Xie H, Zhu J G, Fan G Z, Cai Q S. Effect of free air CO2enrichment to rice quality of rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008(9): 391-397. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [18] | Fahad S, Hussain S, Saud S, Hassan S, Chauhan B S, Khan F, Ihsan M Z, Ullah A, Wu C, Bajwa A A, Alharby H, Amanullah, Nasim W, Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Huang J L. Responses of rapid viscoanalyzer profile and other rice grain qualities to exogenously applied plant growth regulators under high day and high night temperatures[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(7): e0159590. |
| [19] | Chaturvedi A K, Bahuguna R N, Pal M, Shah D, Maurya S, Jagadish K S V. Elevated CO2 and heat stress interactions affect grain yield, quality and mineral nutrient composition in rice under field conditions[J]. Field Crops Research, 2017, 206: 149-157. |
| [20] | Wei L L, Wang W L, Zhu J G, Wang Z Q, Wang J Q, Li C H. Responses of rice qualitative characteristics to elevated carbon dioxide and higher temperature: Implications for global nutrition[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2021, 101(9): 3854-3861. |
| [21] | Zhu C W, Kobayashi K, Loladze I, Zhu J G, Jiang Q, Xu X, Liu G, Seneweera S, Ebi K L, Drewnowski A, Fukagawa N K, Ziska L H. Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels this century will alter the protein, micronutrients, and vitamin content of rice grains with potential health consequences for the poorest rice-dependent countries[J]. Science Advances, 2018, 4(5): eaaq1012. |
| [22] | 王云霞, 杨连新. 水稻品质对主要气候变化因子的响应[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(4): 822-833. |
| Wang Y X, Yang L X. Response of rice quality to major climate change factors[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2020, 39(4): 822-833. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [23] | Usui Y, Sakai H, Tokida T, Nakamura H, Nakagawa H, Hasegawa T. Heat-tolerant rice cultivars retain grain appearance quality under free-air CO2 enrichment[J]. Rice, 2014, 7(1): 6. |
| [24] | Jagadish S V K, Murty M V R, Quick W P. Rice responses to rising temperatures: Challenges, perspectives and future directions[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2015, 38(9): 1686-1698. |
| [25] | Shi W J, Yin X Y, Struik P C, Solis C, Xie F M, Schmidt R C, Huang M, Zou Y B, Ye C R, Jagadish S V K. High day- and night-time temperatures affect grain growth dynamics in contrasting rice genotypes[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2017, 68(18): 5233-5245. |
| [26] | Long S P, Ainsworth E A, Leakey A D B, Nösberger J, Ort D R. Food for thought: Lower-than-expected crop yield stimulation with rising CO2 concentrations[J]. Science, 2006, 312(5782): 1918-1921. |
| [27] | Cai C, Yin X Y, He S Q, Jiang W Y, Si C F, Struik P C, Luo W H, Li G, Xie Y T, Xiong Y, Pan G X. Responses of wheat and rice to factorial combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature in FACE experiments[J]. Global Change Biology, 2016, 22(2): 856-874. |
| [28] | Cai C, Li G, Di L J, Ding Y J, Fu L, Guo X H, Struik P C, Pan G X, Li H Z, Chen W P, Luo W H, Yin X Y. The acclimation of leaf photosynthesis of wheat and rice to seasonal temperature changes in T-FACE environments[J]. Global Change Biology, 2020, 26(2): 539-556. |
| [29] | Bremner J M. Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method[J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1960, 55: 11-33. |
| [30] | Juliano B O. Rice in human nutrition/Prepared in collaboration with FAO. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1993: 162. |
| [31] | Jing L Q, Wang J, Shen S B, Wang Y X, Zhu J G, Wang Y L, Yang L X. The impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on grain quality of rice grown under open-air field conditions[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016, 96(11): 3658-3667. |
| [32] | 钟旭华, 李太贵. 不同结实温度下稻米直链淀粉含量与千粒重的相关性研究[J]. 中国水稻科学, 1994, (2): 126-128. |
| Zhong X H, Li T G. The correlation between amylose content and grain weight under different ripening temperature[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 1994, (2): 126-128. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [33] | 张国发, 王绍华, 尤娟, 王强盛, 丁艳锋, 吉志军. 结实期不同时段高温对稻米品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2006, 32(2): 283-287. |
| Zhang G F, Wang S H, You J, Wang Q S, Ding Y F, Ji Z J. Effect of higher temperature in different filling stages on rice qualities[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(2): 283-287. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [34] | Resurrecion A P. Effect of temperature during ripening on grain quality of rice[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1977, 23(1): 109-112. |
| [35] | Wang X X, Cai C, Song L, Zhou W, Yang X, Gu X Y. Responses of rice grain yield and quality to factorial combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature in T-FACE environments[J]. Field Crops Research, 2024, 309: 109328. |
| [36] | Lo P C, Hu L, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. Starch metabolism and grain chalkiness under high temperature stress[J]. National Science Review, 2016, 3(03): 280-282. |
| [37] | 王东明, 陶冶, 朱建国, 刘钢, 朱春梧. 稻米外观与加工品质对大气CO2浓度升高的响应[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2019, 33(4): 338-346. |
| Wang D M, Tao Y, Zhu J G, Liu G, Zhu C W. Responses of rice appearance and processing quality to elevated atmospheric CO2concentration[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2019, 33(4): 338-346. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [38] | 杨陶陶. 双季籼稻产量和稻米品质对增温的响应特征及其机理[D]. 南昌: 江西农业大学, 2020. |
| Yang T T. Response of indica grain yield and grain quality to experiment warming in a double rice cropping system and its mechanism[D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2020. (in Chinese) | |
| [39] | 董文军, 田云录, 张彬, 陈金, 张卫建. 非对称性增温对水稻品种南粳44米质及关键酶活性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(5): 832-841. |
| Dong W J, Tian Y L, Zhang B, Chen J, Zhang W J. Effect of asymmetric warming on grain quality and related key enzymes activities for japonica rice (Nanjing 44) under FATI facility[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(5): 832-841. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [40] | Uddling J, Broberg M C, Feng Z Z, Pleijel H. Crop quality under rising atmospheric CO2[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2018, 45: 262-267. |
| [41] | Wang Y X, Frei M. Stressed food: The impact of abiotic environmental stresses on crop quality[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 141(3/4): 271-286. |
| [42] | 郑小龙, 周菁清, 白杨, 邵雅芳, 章林平, 胡培松, 魏祥进. 粳稻不同穗部籽粒的淀粉与垩白品质差异及分子机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1425-1436. |
| Zheng X L, Zhou J Q, Bai Y, Shao Y F, Zhang L P, Hu P S, Wei X J. Difference and molecular mechanism of soluble sugar metabolism and quality of different rice panicle in japonica rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1425-1436. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [43] | 李天, 刘奇华, 大杉立, 山岸徹, 佐佐木治人. 灌浆结实期高温对水稻籽粒蔗糖及降解酶活性的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2006, (6): 626-630. |
| Li T, Liu Q H, Ohsugi R, Yamagishi T, Sasaki H. Effect of high temperature on sucrose content and sucrose-cleaving enzymes activity in rice during grain filling stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2006, (6): 626-630. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [44] | Xu X Y, Ren Y L, Wang C M, Zhang H, Wang F, Chen J, Liu X, Zheng T H, Cai M H, Zeng Z Q, Zhou L, Zhu S S, Tang W J, Wang J L, Guo X P, Jiang L, Chen S H, Wan J M. OsVIN2 encodes a vacuolar acid invertase that affects grain size by altering sugar metabolism in rice[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2019, 38(10): 1273-1290. |
| [45] | 王志琴, 叶玉秀, 杨建昌, 袁莉民, 王学明, 朱庆森. 水稻灌浆期籽粒中蔗糖合成酶活性的变化与调节[J]. 作物学报, 2004, 30(7): 634-643. |
| Wang Z Q, Ye Y X, Yang J C, Yuan L M, Wang X M, Zhu Q S. Changes and regulations of sucrose synthase activity in rice grains during grain filling[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 30(7): 634-643. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [46] | Fei L W, Yang S C, Ma A L Y, Lunzhu C L, Wang M, Wang G J, Guo S W. Grain chalkiness is reduced by coordinating the biosynthesis of protein and starch in fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain under nitrogen fertilization[J]. Field Crops Research, 2023, 302: 109098. |
| [47] | 李天, 大杉立, 山岸徹, 佐佐木治人. 灌浆结实期弱光对水稻籽粒蔗糖及其降解酶活性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2006, 32(6): 943-945. |
| Li T, Ohsugi R, Yamagishi T, Sasaki H. Effects of weak light on rice sucrose content and sucrose degradation enzyme activities at grain-filling stage[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(6): 943-945. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [48] | Jin S K, Xu L N, Leng Y J, Zhang M Q, Yang Q Q, Wang S L, Jia S W, Song T, Wang R A, Tao T, Liu Q Q, Cai X L, Gao J P. The OsNAC24-OsNAP protein complex activates OsGBSSI and OsSBEI expression to fine-tune starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2023, 21(11): 2224-2240. |
| [49] | Irshad A, Guo H J, Rehman S U, Wang X Q, Wang C J, Raza A, Zhou C Y, Li Y T, Liu L X. Soluble starch synthase enzymes in cereals: an updated review[J]. Agronomy, 2021, 11(10): 1983. |
| [50] | Guo C C, Zhang L, Jiang P, Yang Z Y, Chen Z K, Xu F X, Guo X Y, Sun Y J, Ma J. Grain chalkiness is decreased by balancing the synthesis of protein and starch in hybrid indica rice grains under nitrogen fertilization[J]. Foods, 2024, 13(6): 855. |
| [51] | Su J C. Starch synthesis and grain filling in rice[J]. Developments in Crop Science, 2000, 26: 107-124. |
| [52] | Jing L Q, Chen C, Lu Q, Wang Y X, Zhu J G, Lai S K, Wang Y L, Yang L X. How do elevated atmosphere CO2 and temperature alter the physiochemical properties of starch granules and rice taste?[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 766: 142592. |
| [53] | Bahuguna R N, Solis C A, Shi W J, Jagadish K S V. Post-flowering night respiration and altered sink activity account for high night temperature-induced grain yield and quality loss in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2017, 159(1): 59-73. |
| [54] | Impa S M, Raju B, Hein N T, Sandhu J, Vara Prasad P V, Walia H, Jagadish S V K. High night temperature effects on wheat and rice: Current status and way forward[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2021, 44(7): 2049-2065. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |