Eighty accessions of rice landraces being planted by the Bulang Minority were collected and used in diversity analysis by using 72 pairs of SSR primers distributed on 12 chromosomes. As the results, 271 alleles with an average of 3.764 per locus, and 197 effective alleles with an average of 2.739 per locus were detected. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.163 to 0.827 with an average of 0.582. Twenty rare alleles were discovered. The genetic diversity of rice landraces differed among the three counties where the Bulang minority lives. The genetic diversity of Menghai County was the highest, followed by Shuangjiang County and Mojiang County. The similarity coefficient of rice landraces varied from 0.111 to 0.875 with an average of 0.411. All the rice landraces used might be clustered into indica group and japonica group at the similarity coefficient of 0.266. However, the rice landraces grown in one region failed in being clustered into one subgroup completely. This indicates that environmental and social factors in one region where the Bulang Minority lives have limited influence on evolution of the rice landraces in the region. In addition, the possible reasons and contribution to the rice landrace diversity by the Bulang minority were discussed. Some suggestions were put forward to avoid the landraces with one name but different ones or one landrace but with more than one name during collection.