Effects of Straw Returning to Paddy Pield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Direct Seeding Hybrid Rice Under Wheat/rapeseed-rice Rotation

doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.9049

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To investigate the effects of straw returned and nitrogen fertilizer management on nitrogen accumulation, transport, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of direct seeding hybrid rice after wheat / rape.【Methods】Yixiangyou 2115, three-line hybrid ricewith high quality ,was selected.The two-factor split zone design was adopted.The experiment was carried out simultaneously in wheat and oil stubble fields. The treatment was completely the same. The main area was that wheat /rape straw returned to the field (M1) and straw not to return (M0),sub-plot with four treatments of nitrogen fertilizer management : no nitrogen control (N0), base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: flower promotion fertilizer: flower preservation fertilizer =1.0: 0: 0 (N1), 3: 3: 2: 2 (N2), 2: 2: 3: 3 (N3), respectively. The nitrogen accumulation and grain yield of each organ of main growth stage of direct seeding hybrid rice were analyzed.【Results】The results showed that under the two rotation methods, nitrogen fertilizer management had significant or highly significant regulatory effects on nitrogen accumulation in main growth stage , nitrogen transportation of stem, sheath , leaves after full heading stage and nitrogen use efficiency of rice plants of direct seeding hybrid rice. Straw returned significantly increased nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen transport of stem, sheath ,leaves and nitrogen use efficiency in the middle and late stage of hybrid rice under wheat /rape stubble . The agronomic use efficiency, partial productivity and apparent utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 34.96% 28.76%, 2.52% 2.61% and 31.91% 22.30%, respectively. Meanwhile. the nitrogen accumulation of growth phrase and yield of direct seeding hybrid rice with rape straw returned were better than those of wheat straw returned, and the grain yield increased 481kg/hm2 (5.22%).It could effectively increase the rate of nitrogen accumulation in each stage of direct seeding hybrid rice ,promote the transportation of nitrogen from stem, sheath and leaves to panicle in productive stage and nitrogen accumulation amount of rice plant at mature stage was obvious advantage and high nitrogen use efficiency (nitrogen agronomic use efficiency, partial productivity and apparent nitrogen use efficiency of wheat / oil stubble rice reached 17.87kg/kg/17.85kg/kg, 67.27kg/kg/71.28kg/kg, respectively.74.93% 75.05%) under straw returned combined with base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: flower promoting fertilizer: flower protecting fertilizer= 3: 3: 2: 2 and not to return to the field with base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: flower promoting fertilizer: flower keeping fertilizer =2: 2: 3: 3..Therefore, the high yield was made.【Conclusion】Under wheat/rape-rice rotation, the straw returned to the field in full amount, combined with the nitrogen fertilizer management of the ratio of basal fertilizer: tiller fertilizer: flowering fertilizer: flowering fertilizer 3:3:2:2, could effectively improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of direct seeding hybrid rice and increase the grain yield. Particularly the effect of returning to the field with rape straw was optimum.

Key words: wheat /rape-rice rotation, direct seeding hybrid rice, straw returning to field, nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency, yield

摘要：

【目的】探明秸秆还田和氮肥管理对麦/油后直播杂交稻氮素积累、转运、氮肥利用效率及籽粒产量的影响。【方法】选用优质三系杂交稻宜香优2115，采用二因素裂区设计，麦、油茬田同步开展试验，处理完全一致。主区为麦/油秸秆全量翻埋还田(M1)和秸秆不还田(对照，M0)，副区设4个氮肥管理，即不施氮对照(N0)、m基肥∶m分蘖肥∶m促花肥∶m保花肥比例分别为1:0:0:0(N1)、3:3:2:2(N2)、2:2:3:3(N3)，测定了直播杂交稻主要生育时期各器官的氮素积累量及籽粒产量。【结果】结果表明，两种轮作方式下，氮肥管理对直播杂交稻主要生育时期的氮素积累、齐穗后茎鞘、叶片的氮素转运及稻株氮素利用效率均存在显著或极显著的调控效应。秸秆还田显著提高麦/油茬杂交稻中后期的氮素积累量、茎鞘和叶片的氮素转运量以及氮肥利用效率，其中，氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥表观利用率较秸秆不还田分别提高了34.96%/28.76%、2.52%/2.61%和31.91%/22.30%。同时，油菜秸秆还田下直播杂交稻各生育时期氮素积累和产量较麦秆还田表现更好，籽粒产量提高481kg/hm2(5.22%)。M1N2处理、M0N3处理下，直播杂交稻各阶段的氮素积累速率明显加大，促进结实期茎鞘和叶片的氮素向穗部转运，成熟期稻株氮素积累量优势明显且有较高的氮素利用效率(麦/油茬稻氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和表观利用率分别达17.87kg/kg/17.85kg/kg、67.27kg/kg/71.28kg/kg、74.93%/75.05%)，最终实现高产。【结论】在麦/油-稻轮作下秸秆全量还田，配合N2氮肥管理，可有效提高直播杂交稻氮素吸收、利用效率，增加籽粒产量，尤以油菜秸杆还田的效果更好。

关键词: 麦/油-稻轮作, 直播杂交稻, 秸秆还田, 氮肥运筹, 氮素积累, 氮素利用效率, 产量

PENG Zhiyun, XIANG Kaihong, YANG Zhiyuan, TANG Yuan, SHEN Jie, ZHANG Yujie, HE Yan,YAN Tianrong, SUN Yongjian, MA Jun* . Effects of Straw Returning to Paddy Pield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Direct Seeding Hybrid Rice Under Wheat/rapeseed-rice Rotation[J]. 中国水稻科学, DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.9049 .

彭志芸向开宏杨志远唐源谌洁张宇杰何艳严田蓉孙永健马均*. 麦/油-稻轮作下秸秆还田与氮肥管理对直播杂交稻氮素利用特征的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2020.9049 .

References

[1] Yang Y, Peng Q, Chen G X, Li, Wu C H. OsELF3 is involved in circadian clock regulation for promoting flowering under long-day conditions in rice. Mol Plant, 2013, 6(1): 202-215. [2] Ji B Y, Hu H, Zhao Y L, Mu X Y ,Liu K , Li C H. Simón M R, Takamizo T. Effects of deep tillage and straw returning on soil microorganism and enzyme activities. Sci World J, 2014, 2014(1): 451493. [3] Becker R, Bubner B, Remus R, Wirth S, Ulrich A. Impact of multi-resistant transgenic Bt maize on straw decomposition and the involved microbial communities. Appl Soil Ecol, 2014, 73(1): 9-18. [4] Yuan L, Zhang Z C, Cao X H, Zhu S C, Zhang X, Wu L G. Responses of rice production, milled rice quality and soil properties to various nitrogen inputs and rice straw incorporation under continuous plastic film mulching cultivation. Field Crops Res, 2014, 155: 164-171. [5] 常勇, 黄忠勤, 周兴根, 孙克新, 周涧楠, 丁震乾, 王波, 李小珊. 不同麦秸还田量对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2018, 46(20): 47-51. Chang Y, Huang Z Q, Zhou X G, Sun K X, Zhou J N, Ding Z Q, Wang B, Li X S. Effects of different wheat straw returning quantity on growth, yield and quality of rice. Jiangsu Agric Sci, 2008, 46(20): 47-51. (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] Mishra A K, Khanal A R, Pede V O. Is direct seeded rice a boon for economic performance? Empirical evidence from India. Food Pol, 2017, 73: 10-18. [7] 胡美华, 王华英, 黄国洋, 梁银娜, 陈能阜. 浙江省菜稻轮作模式应用现状、存在的问题与发展对策. 中国瓜菜, 2016, 29(2): 52-56. Hu M H, Wang H Y, Huang G Y, Liang Y N, Chen N F. Application status, existing problems and development countermeasures of vegetable and rice rotation mode in Zhejiang Province. Chin Gourd, 2016, 29(2): 52-56. (in Chinese with English abstract) [8] 董建江, 邵伏文, 张林, 姜超强, 祖朝龙. 不同耕作模式对稻田土壤理化性质及经济效益的影响. 土壤, 2015, 47(3): 509-514. Dong J J, Shao F W, Zhang L, Jiang C Q, Zu C L. Effects of different tillage modes on soil physical and chemical properties and economic benefits of paddy fields. Soils, 2015, 47(3): 509-514. (in Chinese with English abstract) [9] 刘闯, 陈防, 刘毅, 李志国, 张过师, 谢娟. 3种水旱两熟轮作制养分运筹研究进展. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(36): 198-204. Liu C, Chen F, Liu Y, Li Z G, Zhang G S, Xie J. Research progress on nutrient management in rotation system of three types of drought and flood. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2016, 32(36): 198-204. (in Chinese with English abstract) [10] Zhang M, Yao Y L, Tian Y H, Ceng K, Zhao M, Zhao M, Yin B. Increasing yield and N use efficiency with organic fertilizer in Chinese intensive rice cropping systems. Field Crops Res, 2018: 227. [11] Peng S B ,Buresh R J, Huang J L, Zhong X H, Zou Y B, Yang J C, Wang G H, Liu Y Y, Hu R, Tang Q Y, Cui K H, Zhang F S, Dobermann A. Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by sitespecific N management: A review. Agron Sust Dev, 2010, 30(3): 649-656. [12] 张耗, 薛亚光, 杨建昌. 水稻高产与养分高效利用的限制因素与栽培技术. 中国稻米, 2013, 19(4): 5-7. Zhang H, Xue Y G, Yang J C. Limiting factors and cultivation techniques of high yield and nutrient efficient utilization of rice. China Rice, 2013, 19(4): 5-7. (in Chinese with English abstract) [13] 李杰, 张洪程, 董洋阳, 倪晓诚, 杨波, 龚金龙, 常勇, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 不同生态区栽培方式对水稻产量、生育期及温光利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(13): 2661-2672. Li J, Zhang H C, Dong Y Y, Ni X C, Yang B, Gong J L, Chang Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y. Effects of cultivation methods in different ecological zones on rice yield, growth period and temperature and light utilization. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44(13): 2661-2672. (in Chinese with English abstract) [14] 卢燕. 直播密度对水稻不同类型品种综合生产力的影响. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2008. Lu Y. Effects of direct seeding density on comprehensive productivity of different rice varieties. Yangzhou: Yangzhou university, 2008. (in Chinese with English abstract) [15] 王春雨, 余华清, 何艳, 郭长春, 张绍文, 杨志远, 马均. 播栽方式与施氮量对杂交籼稻氮肥利用特征及产量的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(12): 1792-1801. Wang C Y, Yu H Q, He Y, Guo C C, Zhang S W, Yang Z Y, Ma J. Effects of sowing and planting method and nitrogen application amount on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield of indica hybrid rice. Chin J Ecol Agric, 2017, 25(12): 1792-1801. (in Chinese with English abstract). [16] 徐国伟, 翟志华, 杨久军, 王贺正, 陈明灿. 秸秆还田量对直播稻苗期生长和土壤的影响. 广东农业科学, 2015, 42(19): 1-7. Xu G W, Zhai Z H, Yang J J, Wang H H, Chen M C. Effects of straw mulching amount on growth and soil of direct seeding rice seedling stage. Guangdong Agric Sci, 2015, 42(19): 1-7. (in Chinese with English abstract) [17] 裴鹏刚, 张均华, 朱练峰, 胡志华, 金千瑜. 秸秆还田耦合施氮水平对水稻光合特性、氮素吸收及产量形成的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29(3): 282-290. Pei P G, Zhang J H, Zhu L F, Hu Z H, Jin Q Y. Effects of straw mulching on photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen absorption and yield formation of rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2015, 29(3): 282-290. (in Chinese with English abstract) [18] 张维乐, 戴志刚, 任涛, 周先竹, 王忠良, 李小坤, 丛日环. 不同水旱轮作体系秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(7): 1254-1266. Zhang W L, Dai Z G, Ren T, Zhou X Z, Wang Z L, Li X K, Cong R H. Effects of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilization on crop yield and nutrient absorption and utilization in different drought and water rotation systems. Sci Agric Sin, 2016, 49(7): 1254-1266. (in Chinese with English abstract) [19] 朱芸, 廖世鹏, 刘煜, 李小坤, 任涛, 丛日环, 鲁剑巍. 长江流域油-稻与麦-稻轮作体系周年养分收支差异. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(1): 64-73. Zhu Y, Liao S P, Liu Y, Li X K, Ren T, Cong R H, Lu J W. Differences in annual nutrient budget of oil-rice and wheat-rice rotation systems in the Yangtze river basin. Chin J Plant Nutr Fert, 2019, 25(1): 64-73. (in Chinese with English abstract) [20] 武际, 郭熙盛, 王允青, 许征宇, 鲁剑巍. 不同水稻栽培模式和秸秆还田方式下的油菜、小麦秸秆腐解特征. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(16): 3351-3360. Wu J, Guo X S, Wang Y Q, Xu Z Y, Lu J W. Characteristics of decomposition of rape and wheat straw under different rice cultivation modes and straw returning methods. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44(16): 3351-3360. (in Chinese with English abstract) [21] Sarker J R, Singh B P, Cowie A L, Fang Y Y, Collins D, Dougherty W J, Singh B K. Carbon and nutrient mineralization dynamics in aggregate-size classes from different tillage systems after input of canola and wheat residues. Soil Biol Biochem, 2018, 116: 22-38. [22] 严奉君, 孙永健, 马均, 徐徽, 李玥, 杨志远, 蒋明金, 吕腾飞. 秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(1): 23-35. Yan F J, Sun Y J, Ma J, Xu H, Li Y, Yang Z Y, Jiang M J, Lu T F. Effects of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilization on root growth and nitrogen utilization of hybrid rice. Chin J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21(1): 23-35. (in Chinese with English abstract) [23] 许轲, 唐磊, 张洪程, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 魏海燕, 韦还和. 不同机械直播方式对水稻分蘖特性及产量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(13): 43-52. Xu K, Tang L, Zhang H C, Guo B W, Huo Z Y, Dai Q G, Wei H Y, Wei H H. Effects of different mechanical direct seeding methods on tillering characteristics and yield of rice. J Agric Engin, 2014, 30(13): 43-52. (in Chinese with English abstract) [24] 张祖建, 谢成林, 谢仁康, 郎有忠, 杨岚, 张菊芳, 朱庆森. 苏中地区直播水稻的群体生产力及氮肥运筹的效应. 作物学报, 2011, 37(4): 677-685. Zhang Z J, Xie C L, Xie R K, Lang Y Z, Yang L, Zhang J F, Zhu Q S. Population productivity and nitrogen management effect of direct seeding rice in suzhong area. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(4): 677-685. (in Chinese with English abstract) [25] Xu Y Z, Nie L X, Buresh R J, Huang J L, Cui K H, Xu B, Gong W H, Peng S B. Agronomic performance of late-season rice under different tillage, straw, and nitrogen management. Field Crops Res, 2009: 115(1). [26] 张刚, 王德建, 俞元春, 王灿, 庄锦贵. 秸秆全量还田与氮肥用量对水稻产量、氮肥利用率及氮素损失的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(4): 877-885. Zhang G, Wang D J, Yu Y C, Wang C, Zhuang J G. Effects of straw mulching and nitrogen fertilizer application on rice yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization and nitrogen loss. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2016, 22(4): 877-885. (in Chinese with English abstract) [27] 陈立冬. 秸秆还田条件水肥耦合对水稻生长及土壤总氮流失的影响. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2012. Chen L D. Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on rice growth and soil total nitrogen loss under straw mulching conditions. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2012. (in Chinese with English abstract) [28] 张学林, 周亚男, 李晓立, 侯小畔, 安婷婷, 王群. 氮肥对室内和大田条件下作物秸秆分解和养分释放的影响. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(10): 1746-1760. Zhang X L, Zhou Y N, Li X L, Hou X P, An T T, Wang Q. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on decomposition and nutrient release of crop straws under indoor and field conditions. Sci Agric Sin, 2019, 52(10): 1746-1760. (in Chinese with English abstract) [29] 戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 鲁明星, 杨文兵, 高祥照. 不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(6): 272-276. Dai Z G, Lu J W, Li X K, Lu M X, Yang W B, Gao X Z. Nutrient release characteristics of straw returning from different crops to field. J Agric Engin, 2010, 26(6): 272-276. (in Chinese with English abstract)