Chinese Journal OF Rice Science ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 89-101.DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220606
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WANG Yingheng1,2, CHEN Lijuan3, CUI Lili1,2, ZHAN Shengwei3, SONG Yu1,2, CHEN Shian4, XIE Zhenxing1,2, JIANG Zhaowei1,2, WU Fangxi1,2, ZHUO Chuanying3, CAI Qiuhua1,2, XIE Huaan1,2, ZHANG Jianfu1,2,*()
Received:
2022-06-14
Revised:
2022-10-15
Online:
2023-01-10
Published:
2023-01-11
Contact:
ZHANG Jianfu
王颖姮1,2, 陈丽娟3, 崔丽丽1,2, 詹生威3, 宋煜1,2, 陈世安4, 解振兴1,2, 姜照伟1,2, 吴方喜1,2, 卓传营3, 蔡秋华1,2, 谢华安1,2, 张建福1,2,*()
通讯作者:
张建福
基金资助:
WANG Yingheng, CHEN Lijuan, CUI Lili, ZHAN Shengwei, SONG Yu, CHEN Shian, XIE Zhenxing, JIANG Zhaowei, WU Fangxi, ZHUO Chuanying, CAI Qiuhua, XIE Huaan, ZHANG Jianfu. Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Photosynthesis, Yield and Grain Quality of Superior Quality Rice “Fuxiangzhan”[J]. Chinese Journal OF Rice Science, 2023, 37(1): 89-101.
王颖姮, 陈丽娟, 崔丽丽, 詹生威, 宋煜, 陈世安, 解振兴, 姜照伟, 吴方喜, 卓传营, 蔡秋华, 谢华安, 张建福. 施氮量对优质稻“福香占”光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2023, 37(1): 89-101.
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URL: http://www.ricesci.cn/EN/10.16819/j.1001-7216.2023.220606
Fig. 2. Field performance and photosynthetic parameters of Fuxiangzhan during heading at different N rates(2021). A, Field performance of Fuxiangzhan at full heading date, including five treatments and three biological repeats; B, Field experiment design. I, II, III indicate three biological repeats. CK, N1, N2, N3, N4 indicate N-rates; C, SPAD value; D, Net photosynthesis rates (Pn); E, Internal CO2 concentration (Ci); F, Transpiration rates (Tr); G, Stomatal conductance (Cs). The data are means ± SD of four measurements. Different letters on the top of columns indicate significant difference at P< 0.05 according to LSD multiple range test, and ns indicates no significant difference.
Fig. 3. Ultrastructure of Fuxiangzhan leaves under different N-rates at full heading stage. A, Transmission electron micrographs of leaves of Fuxiangzhan under different N rates. CK, N1, N2, N3, N4 indicate N-rates; B, Size of chloroplasts; C, Numbers of chloroplasts per 100 μm2. Data are mean ± SD of more than 200 cells. Different letters on the top of columns indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 according to LSD multiple range test, and ns indicates no significant difference.
Fig. 4. Sucrose and starch contents of flag leaf under various N rates in Fuxiangzhan. A, Starch contents; B, Sucrose content. The data are means ± SD of three biological replicates. Different letters on the top of columns indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 according to LSD multiple range test.
年份 | 施氮处理 | 移栽期 | 始穗期 | 齐穗期 | 成熟期 | 生育期 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | N rate | Transplanting date | First heading date | Full heading date | Maturity date | Growth duration/d |
2020 | CK | 07-15 | 08-30 | 09-05 | 10-30 | 133 |
N1 | 07-15 | 09-03 | 09-11 | 11-04 | 138 | |
N2 | 07-15 | 09-04 | 09-13 | 11-07 | 141 | |
N3 | 07-15 | 09-05 | 09-16 | 11-10 | 144 | |
N4 | 07-15 | 09-07 | 09-20 | 11-13 | 146 | |
2021 | CK | 07-11 | 09-03 | 09-09 | 10-28 | 133 |
N1 | 07-11 | 09-08 | 09-15 | 11-03 | 139 | |
N2 | 07-11 | 09-10 | 09-18 | 11-08 | 144 | |
N3 | 07-11 | 09-13 | 09-22 | 11-14 | 150 | |
N4 | 07-11 | 09-15 | 09-25 | 11-18 | 154 |
Table 1. Growth duration of Fuxiangzhan under different N rates.
年份 | 施氮处理 | 移栽期 | 始穗期 | 齐穗期 | 成熟期 | 生育期 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | N rate | Transplanting date | First heading date | Full heading date | Maturity date | Growth duration/d |
2020 | CK | 07-15 | 08-30 | 09-05 | 10-30 | 133 |
N1 | 07-15 | 09-03 | 09-11 | 11-04 | 138 | |
N2 | 07-15 | 09-04 | 09-13 | 11-07 | 141 | |
N3 | 07-15 | 09-05 | 09-16 | 11-10 | 144 | |
N4 | 07-15 | 09-07 | 09-20 | 11-13 | 146 | |
2021 | CK | 07-11 | 09-03 | 09-09 | 10-28 | 133 |
N1 | 07-11 | 09-08 | 09-15 | 11-03 | 139 | |
N2 | 07-11 | 09-10 | 09-18 | 11-08 | 144 | |
N3 | 07-11 | 09-13 | 09-22 | 11-14 | 150 | |
N4 | 07-11 | 09-15 | 09-25 | 11-18 | 154 |
年份 Year | 施氮量N-rates | 有效穗数 Effective panicle (No.×104/hm2) | 每穗总粒数 Grain No. per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate/% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight/g | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | CK | 212.74 ± 3.67 b | 131.16 ± 2.49 a | 91.46 ± 0.28 a | 25.35 ± 0.17 a | 5792.50 ± 67.67 b |
N1 | 232.90 ± 13.44 ab | 137.20 ± 12.40 a | 88.77 ± 1.25 ab | 24.41 ± 0.09 b | 6130.50 ± 237.00 ab | |
N2 | 232.49 ± 12.17 ab | 147.53 ± 8.24 a | 86.18 ± 1.42 b | 23.49 ± 0.12 c | 6194.00 ± 137.67 a | |
N3 | 234.24 ± 6.67 ab | 140.16 ± 5.76 a | 76.28 ± 1.38 c | 23.53 ± 0.26 c | 5270.50 ± 89.33 c | |
N4 | 237.16 ± 1.44 a | 146.57 ± 5.11 a | 67.96 ± 1.17 d | 23.65 ± 0.29 c | 5001.50 ± 169.67 c | |
2021 | CK | 212.17 ± 3.13 d | 173.47 ± 9.27 cd | 69.56 ± 2.19 a | 25.42 ± 0.16 a | 5857.50 ± 50.40 c |
N1 | 229.75 ± 1.80 c | 185.73 ± 2.31 bc | 67.62 ± 1.95 ab | 24.45 ± 0.08 b | 6396.00 ± 48.28 b | |
N2 | 244.17 ± 4.56 b | 202.00 ± 6.62 a | 64.06 ± 1.32 b | 23.54 ± 0.13 c | 6741.00 ± 52.54 a | |
N3 | 255.84 ± 2.27 a | 169.33 ± 12.38 d | 55.49 ± 3.62 c | 23.66 ± 0.23 c | 5116.50 ± 60.22 d | |
N4 | 259.67 ± 5.51 a | 190.97 ± 8.34 ab | 43.73 ± 1.54 d | 23.80 ± 0.17 c | 4651.50 ± 57.76 e | |
方差分析ANOVA | ||||||
施氮量N-rates (N) | 14.96** | 5.76** | 172.57** | 125.53** | 234.38** | |
年份Year (Y) | 9.97** | 155.67** | 1009.98** | 1.86 | 3.37 | |
施氮量×年份N × Y | 2.66 | 1.43 | 0.74 | 0.11 | 14.87** |
Table 2. Effects of N rates on yield and its components of Fuxiangzhan.
年份 Year | 施氮量N-rates | 有效穗数 Effective panicle (No.×104/hm2) | 每穗总粒数 Grain No. per panicle | 结实率 Seed setting rate/% | 千粒重 1000-grain weight/g | 产量 Yield/(kg·hm−2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | CK | 212.74 ± 3.67 b | 131.16 ± 2.49 a | 91.46 ± 0.28 a | 25.35 ± 0.17 a | 5792.50 ± 67.67 b |
N1 | 232.90 ± 13.44 ab | 137.20 ± 12.40 a | 88.77 ± 1.25 ab | 24.41 ± 0.09 b | 6130.50 ± 237.00 ab | |
N2 | 232.49 ± 12.17 ab | 147.53 ± 8.24 a | 86.18 ± 1.42 b | 23.49 ± 0.12 c | 6194.00 ± 137.67 a | |
N3 | 234.24 ± 6.67 ab | 140.16 ± 5.76 a | 76.28 ± 1.38 c | 23.53 ± 0.26 c | 5270.50 ± 89.33 c | |
N4 | 237.16 ± 1.44 a | 146.57 ± 5.11 a | 67.96 ± 1.17 d | 23.65 ± 0.29 c | 5001.50 ± 169.67 c | |
2021 | CK | 212.17 ± 3.13 d | 173.47 ± 9.27 cd | 69.56 ± 2.19 a | 25.42 ± 0.16 a | 5857.50 ± 50.40 c |
N1 | 229.75 ± 1.80 c | 185.73 ± 2.31 bc | 67.62 ± 1.95 ab | 24.45 ± 0.08 b | 6396.00 ± 48.28 b | |
N2 | 244.17 ± 4.56 b | 202.00 ± 6.62 a | 64.06 ± 1.32 b | 23.54 ± 0.13 c | 6741.00 ± 52.54 a | |
N3 | 255.84 ± 2.27 a | 169.33 ± 12.38 d | 55.49 ± 3.62 c | 23.66 ± 0.23 c | 5116.50 ± 60.22 d | |
N4 | 259.67 ± 5.51 a | 190.97 ± 8.34 ab | 43.73 ± 1.54 d | 23.80 ± 0.17 c | 4651.50 ± 57.76 e | |
方差分析ANOVA | ||||||
施氮量N-rates (N) | 14.96** | 5.76** | 172.57** | 125.53** | 234.38** | |
年份Year (Y) | 9.97** | 155.67** | 1009.98** | 1.86 | 3.37 | |
施氮量×年份N × Y | 2.66 | 1.43 | 0.74 | 0.11 | 14.87** |
年份 Year | 施氮量 N-rates | 糙米率 Brown rice rate/% | 精米率 Milled rice rate/% | 整精米率 Head milled rice rate/% | 垩白粒率 Chalkiness grain rate/% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree/% | 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/% | 胶稠度 Gel consistency /mm | 蛋白质含量 Protein content /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | CK | 80.27 ± 0.11 b | 70.60 ± 0.13 c | 45.73 ± 0.29 d | 6.67 ± 0.44 ab | 0.83 ± 0.13 bc | 19.98 ± 0.36 a | 65.00 ± 10.00 a | 7.77 ± 0.26 b |
N1 | 81.37 ± 0.09 a | 73.57 ± 0.11 a | 49.10 ± 0.80 c | 6.67 ± 1.56 ab | 0.76 ± 0.32 bc | 20.21 ± 0.17 a | 68.33 ± 7.78 a | 8.12 ± 0.02 ab | |
N2 | 81.50 ± 0.20 a | 73.63 ± 0.29 a | 57.67 ± 1.02 a | 6.67 ± 1.11 ab | 1.26 ± 0.31 a | 20.39 ± 0.35 a | 65.50 ± 5.33 a | 8.32 ± 0.23 ab | |
N3 | 80.50 ± 0.07 b | 71.97 ± 0.09 b | 53.83 ± 0.31 b | 8.00 ± 0.67 a | 1.07 ± 0.19 ab | 20.22 ± 0.27 a | 73.50 ± 7.00 a | 8.38 ± 0.07 ab | |
N4 | 80.47 ± 0.11 b | 72.03 ± 0.31 b | 54.37 ± 0.78 b | 5.00 ± 0.67 b | 0.51 ± 0.11 c | 19.93 ± 0.16 a | 71.67 ± 2.22 a | 8.50 ± 0.53 a | |
2021 | CK | 79.57 ± 0.51 b | 66.90 ± 0.20 c | 43.71 ± 0.65 b | 5.72 ± 1.30 a | 1.08 ± 0.16 a | 16.03 ± 0.51 a | 83.00 ± 2.00 a | 6.44 ± 0.17 d |
N1 | 81.17 ± 0.11 a | 69.83 ± 0.16 a | 46.62 ± 0.42 a | 5.42 ± 1.36 a | 1.10 ± 0.36 a | 15.80 ± 0.40 a | 81.00 ± 2.00 a | 7.01 ± 0.24 c | |
N2 | 81.40 ± 0.07 a | 69.97 ± 0.38 a | 47.70 ± 1.33 a | 4.36 ± 0.56 a | 0.88 ± 0.15 a | 16.17 ± 0.10 a | 78.33 ± 1.56 a | 7.58 ± 0.23 b | |
N3 | 81.27 ± 0.11 a | 68.30 ± 0.20 b | 37.08 ± 0.53 c | 3.46 ± 0.39 a | 0.71 ± 0.06 a | 16.37 ± 0.18 a | 83.67 ± 3.56 a | 8.47 ± 0.17 a | |
N4 | 81.57 ± 0.04 a | 68.67 ± 0.22 b | 33.29 ± 1.68 d | 3.43 ± 0.78 a | 0.71 ± 0.07 a | 16.13 ± 0.11 a | 79.67 ± 0.44 a | 8.43 ± 0.16 a | |
方差分析ANOVA | |||||||||
施氮量 N- rates (N) | 30.46** | 97.30** | 44.44** | 2.69 | 2.87 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 21.36** | |
年份Year (Y) | 3.23 | 1009.48** | 480.69** | 24.21** | 0.02 | 809.05** | 29.17** | 31.82** | |
施氮量×年份 N × Y | 11.75** | 0.34 | 62.93** | 2.27 | 3.01* | 0.68 | 0.54 | 6.19** |
Table 3. Effects of N rates on rice quality and nutrition for Fuxiangzhan.
年份 Year | 施氮量 N-rates | 糙米率 Brown rice rate/% | 精米率 Milled rice rate/% | 整精米率 Head milled rice rate/% | 垩白粒率 Chalkiness grain rate/% | 垩白度 Chalkiness degree/% | 直链淀粉含量 Amylose content/% | 胶稠度 Gel consistency /mm | 蛋白质含量 Protein content /% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | CK | 80.27 ± 0.11 b | 70.60 ± 0.13 c | 45.73 ± 0.29 d | 6.67 ± 0.44 ab | 0.83 ± 0.13 bc | 19.98 ± 0.36 a | 65.00 ± 10.00 a | 7.77 ± 0.26 b |
N1 | 81.37 ± 0.09 a | 73.57 ± 0.11 a | 49.10 ± 0.80 c | 6.67 ± 1.56 ab | 0.76 ± 0.32 bc | 20.21 ± 0.17 a | 68.33 ± 7.78 a | 8.12 ± 0.02 ab | |
N2 | 81.50 ± 0.20 a | 73.63 ± 0.29 a | 57.67 ± 1.02 a | 6.67 ± 1.11 ab | 1.26 ± 0.31 a | 20.39 ± 0.35 a | 65.50 ± 5.33 a | 8.32 ± 0.23 ab | |
N3 | 80.50 ± 0.07 b | 71.97 ± 0.09 b | 53.83 ± 0.31 b | 8.00 ± 0.67 a | 1.07 ± 0.19 ab | 20.22 ± 0.27 a | 73.50 ± 7.00 a | 8.38 ± 0.07 ab | |
N4 | 80.47 ± 0.11 b | 72.03 ± 0.31 b | 54.37 ± 0.78 b | 5.00 ± 0.67 b | 0.51 ± 0.11 c | 19.93 ± 0.16 a | 71.67 ± 2.22 a | 8.50 ± 0.53 a | |
2021 | CK | 79.57 ± 0.51 b | 66.90 ± 0.20 c | 43.71 ± 0.65 b | 5.72 ± 1.30 a | 1.08 ± 0.16 a | 16.03 ± 0.51 a | 83.00 ± 2.00 a | 6.44 ± 0.17 d |
N1 | 81.17 ± 0.11 a | 69.83 ± 0.16 a | 46.62 ± 0.42 a | 5.42 ± 1.36 a | 1.10 ± 0.36 a | 15.80 ± 0.40 a | 81.00 ± 2.00 a | 7.01 ± 0.24 c | |
N2 | 81.40 ± 0.07 a | 69.97 ± 0.38 a | 47.70 ± 1.33 a | 4.36 ± 0.56 a | 0.88 ± 0.15 a | 16.17 ± 0.10 a | 78.33 ± 1.56 a | 7.58 ± 0.23 b | |
N3 | 81.27 ± 0.11 a | 68.30 ± 0.20 b | 37.08 ± 0.53 c | 3.46 ± 0.39 a | 0.71 ± 0.06 a | 16.37 ± 0.18 a | 83.67 ± 3.56 a | 8.47 ± 0.17 a | |
N4 | 81.57 ± 0.04 a | 68.67 ± 0.22 b | 33.29 ± 1.68 d | 3.43 ± 0.78 a | 0.71 ± 0.07 a | 16.13 ± 0.11 a | 79.67 ± 0.44 a | 8.43 ± 0.16 a | |
方差分析ANOVA | |||||||||
施氮量 N- rates (N) | 30.46** | 97.30** | 44.44** | 2.69 | 2.87 | 0.89 | 0.92 | 21.36** | |
年份Year (Y) | 3.23 | 1009.48** | 480.69** | 24.21** | 0.02 | 809.05** | 29.17** | 31.82** | |
施氮量×年份 N × Y | 11.75** | 0.34 | 62.93** | 2.27 | 3.01* | 0.68 | 0.54 | 6.19** |
施氮量 N rates | 峰值黏度 Peak viscosity (PKV) | 热浆黏度 Hot viscosity (HPV) | 最终黏度 Final viscosity (CPV) | 崩解值 Breakdown viscosity (BDV) | 消减值 Setback viscosity (SBV) | 回复值 Cosistency viscosity (CSV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 3332.33±53.78 a | 1767.00±60.67 a | 2921.33±39.56 a | 1565.33±36.22 a | −411.00±50.00 a | 1154.33±24.22 a |
N1 | 3167.00±125.33 a | 1663.33±50.44 a | 2814.33±62.89 a | 1503.67±121.11 a | −352.67±148.44 a | 1151.00±27.33 a |
N2 | 3185.67±41.78 a | 1657.33±37.78 a | 2820.67±40.44 a | 1528.33±36.89 a | −365.00±74.67 a | 1163.33±37.78 a |
N3 | 2971.67±220.44 a | 1594.67±169.11 a | 2761.33±152.22 a | 1377.00±51.33 a | −210.33±68.22 a | 1166.67±16.89 a |
N4 | 2972.33±204.22 a | 1609.67±117.78 a | 2774.00±98.00 a | 1362.67±86.44 a | −198.33±106.22 a | 1164.33±20.22 a |
方差分析 ANOVA | ||||||
施氮量N rate | 3.06 | 1.42 | 1.20 | 2.47 | 1.88 | 0.14 |
Table 4. Effects of N rates on RVA for Fuxiangzhan. cP
施氮量 N rates | 峰值黏度 Peak viscosity (PKV) | 热浆黏度 Hot viscosity (HPV) | 最终黏度 Final viscosity (CPV) | 崩解值 Breakdown viscosity (BDV) | 消减值 Setback viscosity (SBV) | 回复值 Cosistency viscosity (CSV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 3332.33±53.78 a | 1767.00±60.67 a | 2921.33±39.56 a | 1565.33±36.22 a | −411.00±50.00 a | 1154.33±24.22 a |
N1 | 3167.00±125.33 a | 1663.33±50.44 a | 2814.33±62.89 a | 1503.67±121.11 a | −352.67±148.44 a | 1151.00±27.33 a |
N2 | 3185.67±41.78 a | 1657.33±37.78 a | 2820.67±40.44 a | 1528.33±36.89 a | −365.00±74.67 a | 1163.33±37.78 a |
N3 | 2971.67±220.44 a | 1594.67±169.11 a | 2761.33±152.22 a | 1377.00±51.33 a | −210.33±68.22 a | 1166.67±16.89 a |
N4 | 2972.33±204.22 a | 1609.67±117.78 a | 2774.00±98.00 a | 1362.67±86.44 a | −198.33±106.22 a | 1164.33±20.22 a |
方差分析 ANOVA | ||||||
施氮量N rate | 3.06 | 1.42 | 1.20 | 2.47 | 1.88 | 0.14 |
Fig. 5. Effects of N-rates on 2-AP content of brown rice of Fuxiangzhan. The data are means ± SD of three biological replications. Different letters on the top of columns indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 according to LSD multiple range test.
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